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Contact Sheet Photography
Film photography or classical photography, also known by the retronym analog photography, is a term usually applied to photography that uses chemical processes to capture an image, typically on paper, film or a hard plate. These processes were the only methods available to photographers for more than a century prior to the invention of digital photography, which uses electronic sensors to record images to digital media. Analog electronic photography was sometimes used in the late 20th century but soon died out. Photographic films utilize silver halide crystals suspended in emulsion, which when exposed to light record a latent image, which is then processed making it visible and insensitive to light. Despite a steep decline in popularity since the advent of digital photography, film photography has seen a limited resurgence due to social media and the ubiquity of digital cameras. With the renewed interest in traditional photography, new organizations (Film Is Not Dead, Lomogr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
View Cameraman On 44 Drive For NYC 2014 Marathon Jeh
Acornsoft was the software arm of Acorn Computers, and a major publisher of software for the BBC Micro and Acorn Electron. As well as games, it also produced a large number of educational titles, extra computer languages and business and utility packages – these included word processor ''VIEW'' and the spreadsheet ''ViewSheet'' supplied on ROM and cartridge for the BBC Micro/Acorn Electron and included as standard in the BBC Master and Acorn Business Computer. History Acornsoft was formed in late 1980 by Acorn Computers directors Hermann Hauser and Chris Curry, and David Johnson-Davies, author of the first game for a UK personal computer and of the official Acorn Atom manual "Atomic Theory and Practice". David Johnson-Davies was managing director and in early 1981 was joined by Tim Dobson, Programmer and Chris Jordan (designer), Chris Jordan, Publications Editor. While some of their games were clones or remakes of popular arcade games (e.g. ''Hopper'' is a clone of Sega's ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nikon
(, ; ) is a Japanese optics and photographic equipment manufacturer. Nikon's products include cameras, camera lenses, binoculars, microscopes, ophthalmic lenses, measurement instruments, rifle scopes, spotting scopes, and equipment related to Semiconductor device fabrication, semiconductor fabrication, such as Stepper, steppers used in the photolithography steps of such manufacturing. Nikon is the world's second largest manufacturer of such equipment. Since July 2024, Nikon has been headquartered in Nishi-Ōi, Shinagawa, Shinagawa, Tokyo where the plant has been located since 1918. The company is the eighth-largest chip equipment maker as reported in 2017. Also, it has diversified into new areas like 3D printers, 3D printing and regenerative medicine to compensate for the shrinking digital camera market. Among Nikon's many notable product lines are Nikkor imaging lenses (for Nikon F-mount, F-mount cameras, large format photography, photographic enlargers, and other applicatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Double Exposure
In photography and cinematography, a multiple exposure is the superimposition of two or more exposures to create a single image, and double exposure has a corresponding meaning in respect of two images. The exposure values may or may not be identical to each other. Overview Ordinarily, cameras have a sensitivity to light that is a function of time. For example, a one-second exposure is an exposure in which the camera image is equally responsive to light over the exposure time of one second. The criterion for determining that something is a double exposure is that the sensitivity goes up and then back down. The simplest example of a multiple exposure is a double exposure without flash, i.e. two partial exposures are made and then combined into one complete exposure. Some single exposures, such as "flash and blur" use a combination of electronic flash and ambient exposure. This effect can be approximated by a Dirac delta measure (flash) and a constant finite rectangular window, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyanotype
The cyanotype (from , and , ) is a slow-reacting, photographic printing formulation sensitive to a limited near-ultraviolet and blue light spectrum, the range 300 nm to 400 nm known as UVA radiation. It produces a monochrome, blue-coloured print on a range of supports, and is often used for art and reprography in the form of blueprints. For any purpose, the process usually uses two chemicals - ferric ammonium citrate or ferric ammonium oxalate, and potassium ferricyanide, and only water to develop and fix. Announced in 1842, it is still in use. History The cyanotype was discovered, and named thus, by Sir John Herschel, who in 1842 published his investigation of light on iron compounds, expecting that photochemical reactions would reveal, in a form visible to the human eye, the infrared extreme of the electromagnetic spectrum detected by his father William Herschel and the ultraviolet or " actinic" rays that had been discovered in 1801 by Johann Ritter. Tho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alternative Process
The term alternative process refers to any non-traditional or non-commercial photographic printing process. Currently, the standard analog photographic printing process for black-and-white photographs is the gelatin silver process. Standard digital processes include the pigment print, and digital laser exposures on traditional color photographic paper. Alternative processes often overlap with historical, or non-silver processes. Most of these processes were invented over 100 years ago and were used by early photographers. Many contemporary photographers are revisiting alternative processes and applying new technologies (the digital negative) and practices to these techniques. Examples * Anthotype * Caffenol *Daguerreotype * Gum bichromate and other Pigmented Dichromated Colloids which are used to directly generate a photographic print * Platinum Process and Palladium Process *Carbon print and various similar processes which use a non-sensitive intermediate layer to generate a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lubitel
Lubitel ({{langx, ru, Любитель, Lyubitel, amateur) refers to any of the several medium format twin-lens reflex cameras manufactured in Russia by LOMO. The design is based on the early 1930s Voigtländer Brillant camera with various improvements. They are often considered toy cameras due to their cheap price, bakelite and later thermoplastic construction and low build quality. However, the Lubitels use 120 film, feature Cooke triplet, all-glass lenses and shutter speeds from bulb to 1/250 of a second. Aperture range is from f/4.5 to f/22. These characteristics are closer to those of an amateur TLR of the 1950s than a toy or disposable camera. They can achieve excellent results when the lens is stopped down but, as with any three-element lens, the results will be soft by today's standards at larger apertures. Lubitel cameras are often used by art photographers or amateurs looking for a cheap introduction to medium format photography. Models and years produced: *The Kom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smena (camera)
Smena () is a series of low-cost 35 mm film cameras manufactured in the Soviet Union by the LOMO factory from 1953 to 1991. They were designed to be inexpensive and accessible to the public, made of bakelite Bakelite ( ), formally , is a thermosetting polymer, thermosetting phenol formaldehyde resin, formed from a condensation reaction of phenol with formaldehyde. The first plastic made from synthetic components, it was developed by Belgian chemist ... or black plastic for the later models. Their mode of operation was exclusively manual, to the extent that winding of film is separated from shutter cocking. In the 1960s and 1970s they were exported by Soviet era export conglomerate Mashpriborintorg (). Austrian company Lomographische AG now promotes Smenas, as exclusive distributor under agreement with LOMO PLC. Specifications Smena 8M [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holga
The Holga is a Medium format (film), medium format 120 film camera, made in Hong Kong, known for its Lo-fi photography, low-fidelity Aesthetics, aesthetic. The Holga's low-cost construction and simple meniscus lens often yields pictures that display vignetting, Focus (optics), blur, light leaks and other distortion (optics), distortions. The camera's limitations have brought it a cult following among some photographers, and Holga photos have won awards and competitions in fine art photography, art and photojournalism, news photography. As of July 2017, the camera is in production after being unavailable for two years. History The Holga camera was designed by Lee Ting-mo in 1982. It first appeared in 1982 in British Hong Kong. At the time, 120 film, 120 roll film in black-and-white was the most widely available film in neighbouring China. The Holga was intended to provide an inexpensive mass-market camera for the Chinese working class in order to record family portraits and event ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diana (camera)
The Diana camera is a plastic-bodied toy camera that uses 120 film, 120 roll film and 135 film, 35 mm film. The camera has a simple plastic meniscus lens. Originally marketed as an inexpensive novelty gift item, the Diana has been used to take soft focus, Impressionism, impressionistic photographs somewhat reminiscent of the Pictorialist Period of artistic photography, branded in contemporary times as Lomography (company), Lomography. The Diana frequently suffers from light leaks, film advance issues, and other problems. However, its low-quality plastic lens has been celebrated for its artistic effects in photographs, normally resulting in a slightly blurred composition that can provide a 'dreamlike' quality to the print. History The Diana first appeared during the early 1960s as an inexpensive box camera sold by the ''Great Wall Plastic Factory'' of Kowloon, Hong Kong.Featherstone, p. 5 Most were exported to the United States and the United Kingdom. In the United States, the D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lomo LC-A
The LOMO LC-A (Lomo Kompakt Automat) is a fixed lens, 35 mm film, leaf shutter, zone focus, and compact camera introduced in 1984. Its design is based on the Cosina CX-2, with the difference being that it lacks a swiveling front and self-timer. It was built in Soviet-era Leningrad by Leningrad Optics and Mechanics Association (LOMO). Production of the camera ceased in 1994. In the mid-1990s, a group of enthusiasts from Vienna persuaded LOMO to restart production, which continued until 2005, and they formed the Lomographic Society International, distributing these cameras around the world. The LOMO LC-A's replacement, the LC-A+, was introduced in 2006 and production moved to China. The LC-A+ featured the original LC-A Minitar-1 glass lens manufactured by LOMO in Russia. This changed in 2007 and lenses on subsequent models have been made in China. Some LC-As were sold badged as Zenith, this label was only a sticker underneath the lens. Zenit (Zenith in some countries) is a t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toy Camera
A toy camera is a simple, inexpensive film camera. Despite the name, toy cameras are fully functional and capable of taking photographs, though with optical aberrations due to the limitations of their simple lenses. From the 1960s onward, there has been interest in the artistic use of such cameras or recreation of this style, both with cameras originally designed for children, and others originally intended as mass-market consumer cameras. Many professional photographers have used toy cameras and exploited the vignetting, blur, light leaks, and other distortions of their inexpensive lenses for artistic effect to take award-winning pictures. Toy camera photography has been widely exhibited at many popular art shows, such as the annual "Krappy Kamera" show at the Soho Photo Gallery in the Tribeca neighborhood of New York City. Various publications such as ''Popular Photography'' magazine have extolled the virtues of the Diana camera in its own right as an "art" producing imag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polaroid Corporation
Polaroid Corporation was an American company that made instant film and cameras, which survives as a brand for consumer electronics. The company was founded in 1937 by Edwin H. Land, to exploit his Polaroid (polarizer), Polaroid polarizing polymer. Land and Polaroid created the first instant camera, the Land Camera, in 1948. Land ran the company until 1981. Its peak employment was 21,000 in 1978, and its peak revenue was $3 billion in 1991. Polaroid Corporation declared bankruptcy in 2001; its brand and assets were sold off. A successor Polaroid company formed, and the branded assets changed hands multiple times before being sold to Polish billionaire in 2017. This acquisition allowed Polaroid B.V., Impossible Project, which had started producing instant films for older Polaroid cameras in 2008, to rebrand as Polaroid Originals in 2017, and eventually as Polaroid in 2020. Since the original company's downfall, Polaroid-branded products in other fields, such as LCD televisions a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
