Concretism (psychology)
Concretism may refer to one of the following *Concrete art, a form of abstractionism *Concrete poetry *Gutai Art Association, a group of artists who pursued another form of 'concrete' (''gutai'') art *Reism, a philosophical movement * Concretism (psychology), a form of thought and feeling that represents concrete concepts related to sensation as opposed to abstractions, see Attitude (psychology) *Reification (fallacy) Reification (also known as concretism, hypostatization, or the fallacy of misplaced concreteness) is a fallacy of ambiguity, when an abstraction (abstract belief or hypothetical wikt:construct, construct) is treated as if it were a concrete real ...

Concrete Art
Concrete art was an art movement with a strong emphasis on geometrical abstraction. The term was first formulated by Theo van Doesburg and was then used by him in 1930 to define the difference between his vision of art and that of other abstract artists of the time. After his death in 1931, the term was further defined and popularized by Max Bill, who organized the first international exhibition in 1944 and went on to help promote the style in Latin America. The term was taken up widely after World War 2 and promoted through a number of international exhibitions and art movements. Origins After the formal break up of ''De stijl'', following the last issue of its magazine in 1928, van Doesburg began considering the creation of a new collective centered on a similar approach to abstraction. In 1929 he discussed his plans with Uruguayan painter Joaquín Torres-García, with candidates for membership of this group including Georges Vantongerloo, Constantin Brâncuși, František Kup ...
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Concrete Poetry
Concrete poetry is an arrangement of linguistic elements in which the typographical effect is more important in conveying meaning than verbal significance. It is sometimes referred to as visual poetry, a term that has now developed a distinct meaning of its own. Concrete poetry relates more to the visual than to the verbal arts although there is a considerable overlap in the kind of product to which it refers. Historically, however, concrete poetry has developed from a long tradition of shaped or patterned poems in which the words are arranged in such a way as to depict their subject. Development Though the term 'concrete poetry' is modern, the idea of using letter arrangements to enhance the meaning of a poem is old. Such shaped poetry was popular in Greek Alexandria during the 3rd and 2nd centuries BCE, although only the handful which were collected together in the ''Greek Anthology'' now survive. Examples include poems by Simmias of Rhodes in the shape of an egg, wings and a ha ...
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Gutai Art Association
The was a Japanese avant-garde artist group founded in the Hanshin region by young artists under the leadership of the painter Jirō Yoshihara in Ashiya, Japan, in 1954. It operated until shortly after Yoshihara's death in 1972. The group, today one of the most internationally-recognized instances of 20th century Japanese art, is best known for the broad range of experimental art forms combining painting with performance, conceptual, interactive, site-specific, theatrical and installation artworks, which its members explored in unconventional venues such as public parks and on stage. The members’ engagement with the relationship between spirit, human body and material, often concretized in artistic methods that involved the artist’s body and violent gestures. Fueled by Yoshihara’s ambitions, global scope and strategic awareness, Gutai’s exhibitions and publications reached audiences around the world, realizing what Yoshihara called an “international common ground” of ...
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Reism
Reism, reificationism, concretism or concretionism is a view that only concrete material things exist. It is a philosophical theory associated with Tadeusz Kotarbiński who proposed that it involves both the proper view about the kinds of objects that exist and the literal way of speaking about things. It is based on the ontology of Stanisław Leśniewski, specifically, his "calculus of names". This theory, which is also referred to as somatism and pansomatism, has been interpreted as an analogue of defended classic physicalism. Background Kotarbiński first introduced reism in his work called ''Elements of the Theory of Knowledge, Formal Logic and Methodology of the Sciences'' and the emergent theory was developed independent of the ideas previously put forward by the German philosopher Franz Brentano. The latter's account of reism is considered a metaphysical view of the mind. However, Kotarbiński's reism – as proposed – was not a ready theory of the world but a program w ...
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Concretism (psychology)
Concretism may refer to one of the following *Concrete art, a form of abstractionism *Concrete poetry *Gutai Art Association, a group of artists who pursued another form of 'concrete' (''gutai'') art *Reism, a philosophical movement * Concretism (psychology), a form of thought and feeling that represents concrete concepts related to sensation as opposed to abstractions, see Attitude (psychology) *Reification (fallacy) Reification (also known as concretism, hypostatization, or the fallacy of misplaced concreteness) is a fallacy of ambiguity, when an abstraction (abstract belief or hypothetical wikt:construct, construct) is treated as if it were a concrete real ...

Attitude (psychology)
In psychology, an attitude "is a summary evaluation of an object of thought. An attitude object can be anything a person discriminates or holds in mind". Attitudes include beliefs (cognition), emotional responses ( affect) and behavioral tendencies ( intentions, motivations). In the classical definition an attitude is persistent, while in more contemporary conceptualizations, attitudes may vary depending upon situations, context, or moods. While different researchers have defined attitudes in various ways, and may use different terms for the same concepts or the same term for different concepts, two essential attitude functions emerge from empirical research. For individuals, attitudes are cognitive schema that provide a structure to organize complex or ambiguous information, guiding particular evaluations or behaviors. More abstractly, attitudes serve higher psychological needs: expressive or symbolic functions (affirming values), maintaining social identity, and regulating e ...
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