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Comitology
Comitology in the European Union refers to a process by which EU law is implemented, modified or adjusted and takes place within "comitology committees" chaired by the European Commission. The official term for the process is committee procedure. Comitology committees are part of the EU's broader system of committees that assist in the making, adoption, and implementation of EU laws. The Lisbon Treaty reconfigured comitology system, codifying it in Articles 290 and 291 TFEU. Article 290 TFEU introduced the delegated act which is now used to amend or supplement EU legislation, whereas beforehand this was also done through comitology. Article 291 TFEU continues to provide for implementing acts through comitology. Under the EU institutions' 2016 Common Understanding on Delegated Acts, comitology has been re-introduced for the adoption of delegated acts under Article 290 TFEU. Background and history All legislatures have a system of delegating detailed implementing measures to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Union Committee System
The European Union Committee System is an informal category of committees involved in the processing of European Union (EU) legislation. The committees, which are active in different phases of the EU legislative process, include Commission expert groups (which help generate policy ideas and formulate draft proposals), Council working parties (which help in deciding legislation), and Comitology, comitology committees (which oversee the implementation of laws). The different committees are chaired by different institutions usually the European Commission or Council of the European Union and include different kind of members, ranging from public to private actors. Also involved in the European Union Committee System are European Parliament committees (which process proposals from the Commission) and committees associated with the European External Action Service (although committees associated with this relatively new organisation are not yet well understood). Issues surrounding th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Commission
The European Commission (EC) is the executive of the European Union (EU). It operates as a cabinet government, with 27 members of the Commission (informally known as "Commissioners") headed by a President. It includes an administrative body of about 32,000 European civil servants. The Commission is divided into departments known as Directorates-General (DGs) that can be likened to departments or ministries each headed by a Director-General who is responsible to a Commissioner. There is one member per member state, but members are bound by their oath of office to represent the general interest of the EU as a whole rather than their home state. The Commission President (currently Ursula von der Leyen) is proposed by the European Council (the 27 heads of state/governments) and elected by the European Parliament. The Council of the European Union then nominates the other members of the Commission in agreement with the nominated President, and the 27 members as a team are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Union Legislative Procedure
The European Union adopts legislation through a variety of legislative procedures. The procedure used for a given legislative proposal depends on the policy area in question. Most legislation needs to be proposed by the European Commission and approved by the Council of the European Union and European Parliament to become law. Over the years the power of the European Parliament within the legislative process has been greatly increased from being limited to giving its non-binding opinion or excluded from the legislative process altogether, to participating equally with the Council in the legislative process. The power to amend the Treaties of the European Union, sometimes referred to as the Union's primary law, or even as its ''de facto'' constitution, is reserved to the member states and must be ratified by them in accordance with their respective constitutional requirements. An exception to this are so-called passerelle clauses in which the legislative procedure used for a c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EFTA
The European Free Trade Association (EFTA) is a regional trade organization and free trade area consisting of four European states: Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland. The organization operates in parallel with the European Union (EU), and all four member states participate in the European Single Market and are part of the Schengen Area. They are not, however, party to the European Union Customs Union. EFTA was historically one of the two dominant western European trade blocs, but is now much smaller and closely associated with its historical competitor, the European Union. It was established on 3 May 1960 to serve as an alternative trade bloc for those European states that were unable or unwilling to join the then European Economic Community (EEC), the main predecessor of the EU. The Stockholm Convention (1960), to establish the EFTA, was signed on 4 January 1960 in the Swedish capital by seven countries (known as the " outer seven": Austria, Denmark, Nor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Economic Area
The European Economic Area (EEA) was established via the ''Agreement on the European Economic Area'', an international agreement which enables the extension of the European Union's single market to member states of the European Free Trade Association. The EEA links the EU member states and three EFTA states (Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway) into an internal market governed by the same basic rules. These rules aim to enable free movement of persons, goods, services, and capital within the European single market, including the freedom to choose residence in any country within this area. The EEA was established on 1 January 1994 upon entry into force of the EEA Agreement. The contracting parties are the EU, its member states, and Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway. The EEA Treaty is a commercial treaty and differs from the EU Treaties in certain key respects. According to Article 1 its purpose is to "promote a continuous and balanced strengthening of trade and economic rela ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acquis
The Community acquis or ''acquis communautaire'' (; ), sometimes called the EU acquis and often shortened to acquis, is the accumulated legislation, legal acts and court decisions that constitute the body of European Union law that came into being since 1993. The term is French: ''acquis'' meaning "that which has been acquired or obtained", and ''communautaire'' meaning "of the community". Chapters During the process of the enlargement of the European Union, the acquis was divided into 31 chapters for the purpose of negotiation between the EU and the candidate member states for the fifth enlargement (the ten that joined in 2004 plus Romania and Bulgaria which joined in 2007). These chapters were: # Free movement of goods # Free movement of persons # Freedom to provide services # Free movement of capital # Company law # Competition policy #Agriculture # Fisheries #Transport policy #Taxation # Economic and Monetary Union #Statistics #Social policy and employment #Energy #Indus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Journal Of Common Market Studies
The ''JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies'' is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal covering the politics and economics of European integration, focusing principally on developments within the European Union, European politics more broadly and comparative regionalism (politics). It was established in 1962 and is published by John Wiley & Sons on behalf of UACES (the Academic Association for Contemporary European Studies). The editors-in-chief are Toni Haastrup (University of Stirling) and Richard Whitman (University of Kent) and the co-editors are Heather MacRae (York University), Annick Masselot (University of Canterbury), Mills Soko (University of Witwatersrand) and Alasdair R. Young (Georgia Institute of Technology). Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in: According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 3.990, ranking it 29th out of 183 journals in the category "Political Science", 12th out of 95 jour ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Journal Of European Integration
The ''Journal of European Integration'' is a peer-reviewed academic journal publishing scholarly work on all aspects of the European integration process. The journal welcomes submissions from a variety of disciplinary or multidisciplinary perspectives, ranging from political science and political economy to public administration, law, history, sociology and cultural studies. The journal is based at Luiss University. History The journal was initially published three times a year by the Centre d'Études et de Documentation Européennes (Université de Montréal, Canada). From January 1981, the journal was sponsored by the Canadian Council for European Affairs (Conseil Canadien des Affaires Européennes). Since January 1998, it has been published by Routledge. The number of publications per year has risen to eight, including two or three special issues. The current editorial board includes: * Executive Editors: Prof. DrThomas Christiansen(Luiss University, Rome) and Prof. Dr. Oli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transparency (behavior)
As an ethic that spans science, engineering, business, and the humanities, transparency is operating in such a way that it is easy for others to see what actions are performed. Transparency implies openness, communication, and accountability. Transparency is practiced in companies, organizations, administrations, and communities. For example, in a business relation, fees are clarified at the outset by a transparent agent, so there are no surprises later. This is opposed to keeping this information hidden which is "non-transparent". A practical example of transparency is also when a cashier makes changes after a point of sale; they offer a transaction record of the items purchased (e.g., a receipt) as well as counting out the customer's change. In information security, transparency means keeping the arcane, underlying mechanisms hidden so as not to obstruct intended function—an almost opposite sense. It principally refers to security mechanisms that are intentionally undetect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of European Commission Committees By Directorates-General
A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People * List (surname) Organizations * List College, an undergraduate division of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America * SC Germania List, German rugby union club Other uses * Angle of list, the leaning to either port or starboard of a ship * List (information), an ordered collection of pieces of information ** List (abstract data type), a method to organize data in computer science * List on Sylt, previously called List, the northernmost village in Germany, on the island of Sylt * ''List'', an alternative term for ''roll'' in flight dynamics * To ''list'' a building, etc., in the UK it means to designate it a listed building that may not be altered without permission * Lists (jousting), the barriers used to designate the tournament area where medieval knights jousted * ''The Book of Lists'', an American series of books with unusual lists See also * The List (other) * Listing (d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EUR-Lex
Eur-Lex (stylized EUR-Lex) is an official website of European Union law and other public documents of the European Union (EU), published in 24 official languages of the EU. The Official Journal (OJ) of the European Union is also published on EUR-Lex. Users can access EUR-Lex free of charge and also register for a free account, which offers extra features. History Data processing of legal texts at the European Commission started way back in the 1960s, still using punch cards at the time. A system was being developed to capture relationships between documents and analyse them to extract and re-use metadata, but also to make retrieval easier. Through the years, the system and its scope grew as the Commission started collaborating with other institutions of the European Union and as the Union started expanding. It was named CELEX (Communitatis Europae Lex) and soon became a well-used interinstitutional tool. While initially used only internally, the system went through vario ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Single European Act
The Single European Act (SEA) was the first major revision of the 1957 Treaty of Rome. The Act set the European Community an objective of establishing a single market by 31 December 1992, and a forerunner of the European Union's Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) it helped codify European Political Co-operation. The amending treaty was signed at Luxembourg City on 17 February 1986 and at The Hague on 28 February 1986. It came into effect on 1 July 1987, under the Delors Commission. A core element of the SEA was to create a single market within the European Community by 1992, when – it was hoped – the necessary legislative reforms would have been completed. The belief was that in removing non-tariff barriers to cross-border intra-Community trade and investment such measures would provide the twelve Member States a broad economic stimulus. To facilitate their removal, the SEA reformed the Community legislative process both by introducing the cooperation procedure ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
