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Coba Bowl
Coba bowls (with a capacity of about 1.4 liters) were widely produced, primarily in northern Mesopotamia but also found in the surrounding region, between c. 4600 BC and c. 4200 BC, in the transition between the late Ubaid period and early Uruk period becoming a predominant form at that time. This time period is variously called Terminal Ubaid, Ubaid 5, and Late Chalcolithic 1. They were expediently made, unpainted and coarse, with vegetable temper, frequently flint-scraped on the lower exterior, and in quantities, reminiscent of beveled rim bowls. Their appearance reflected a marked change in pottery tradition at the time. They have been proposed as the predecessor of beveled rim bowls. The type was first identified at Coba Höyük. It has been suggested that they acted as ration bowls in the same manner as beveled rim bowls may have in the Uruk period. Type description When Coba bowls (in the category of Mass Produced Bowls) were found at Coba Höyük two types were defined, o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ubaid Period
The Ubaid period (c. 5500–3700 BC) is a prehistoric period of Mesopotamia. The name derives from Tell al-'Ubaid where the earliest large excavation of Ubaid period material was conducted initially in 1919 by Henry Hall, Leonard Woolley in 1922-1923, and later by Pinhas Delougaz in 1937.P. Delougaz, "A Short Investigation of the Temple at Al-’Ubaid", Iraq, vol. 5, pp. 1–11, 1938 Excavations continue into the present day. In Southern Mesopotamia, this period marks the earliest known human settlements on the alluvial plain, although it is likely earlier periods exist that are obscured under the alluvium. In the south it has a very long duration between about 5500 and 3800 BC when it is replaced by the Uruk period. In Northern Mesopotamia the period runs only between about 5300 and 4300 BC. It is preceded by the Halaf period and the Halaf-Ubaid Transitional period and succeeded by the Late Chalcolithic period. History of research The excavators of Eridu and Tell ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tell Zeidan
Tell Zeidan is an archaeological site of the Ubaid culture in northern Syria, dates from between 6000 and 4000 BC. The dig consists of three large mounds on the east bank of the Balikh River, slightly north of its confluence with the Euphrates River, and is located about east of the modern Syrian city of Raqqa (or Raqqa). This site is included within the historical region known as Mesopotamia and the Tigris-Euphrates river system, often called the Cradle of Civilization. Archaeology The site, with three submounds, covers an area of about 12.5 hectares. An international archaeological project, the Joint Syrian-American Archaeological Research Project at Tell Zeidan, were surveying and excavating the Tell Zeidan site. The project started in 2008, two seasons were completed. The third season was scheduled to start in July 2010. Muhammad Sarhan, director of the Raqqa Museum, and Gil Stein, director of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, are co-directors of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancient Mesopotamia
The Civilization of Mesopotamia ranges from the earliest human occupation in the Paleolithic period up to Late antiquity. This history is pieced together from evidence retrieved from archaeological excavations and, after the introduction of writing in the late 4th millennium BC, an increasing amount of historical sources. Mesopotamia has been home to many of the oldest major civilizations, entering history from the Early Bronze Age, for which reason it is often called a cradle of civilization. Short outline of Mesopotamia Mesopotamia (; ) means "Between the Rivers". The oldest known occurrence of the name Mesopotamia dates to the 4th century BC, when it was used to designate the area between the Euphrates and the Tigris. The name was presumably translated from a term already current in the area—probably in Aramaic—and apparently was understood to mean the land lying "between the (Euphrates and Tigris) rivers", now Iraq. Later and in the broader sense, the historical region ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancient Pottery
Ancient history is a time period from the beginning of writing and recorded human history through late antiquity. The span of recorded history is roughly 5,000 years, beginning with the development of Sumerian cuneiform script. Ancient history covers all continents inhabited by humans in the period 3000 BCAD 500, ending with the expansion of Islam in late antiquity. The three-age system periodises ancient history into the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age, with recorded history generally considered to begin with the Bronze Age. The start and end of the three ages vary between world regions. In many regions the Bronze Age is generally considered to begin a few centuries prior to 3000 BC, while the end of the Iron Age varies from the early first millennium BC in some regions to the late first millennium AD in others. During the time period of ancient history, the world population was exponentially increasing due to the Neolithic Revolution, which was in full prog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beveled Rim Bowls
Beveled rim bowls (traditionally called Glockentöpfe) are small, undecorated, mass-produced clay bowls most common in the 4th millennium BC during the Late Chalcolithic period. They constitute roughly three quarters of all ceramics found in Uruk culture sites, are therefore a unique and reliable indicator of the presence of the Uruk culture in ancient Mesopotamia. Beveled rim bowls began to appear in the Early Uruk period (c. 3900-3600 BC), were common in the Middle Uruk period (c. 3600-3400 BC) and the Late Uruk period (c. 3400-3200 BC). In the subsequent Jemdat Nasr period (c. 3200-3100 BC) their use declined along with a rise (starting in the Late Uruk period) in numbers of the ceramics called "tall flowerpots" (Grosse Blumentopfe), which were of similar fabric as Beveled Rim Bowls but were wheel made, whose use is also still unclear. Beveled rim bowls remained in use in a few sites during the Early Dynastic I period (c. 3100-2900 BC). It has been suggested that one of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tell Leilan
Tell Leilan is an archaeological site situated near the Wadi Jarrah in the Khabur River basin in Al-Hasakah Governorate, northeastern Syria. The site has been occupied since the 5th millennium BC. During the late third millennium, the site was known as Shekhna. During that time it was under control of the Akkadian Empire and was used as an administrative center. Around 1800 BC, the site was renamed "Šubat-Enlil" by the king Shamshi-Adad I, and it became his residential capital. Shubat-Enlil was abandoned around 1700 BC. Geography The site is located close to some other flourishing cities of the time. Hamoukar is about 50 km away to the southeast. Tell Brak is about 50 km away to the southwest, and also in the Khabur River basin. Tell Mozan (Urkesh) is about 50 km to the west. Leilan, Brak and Urkesh were particularly prominent during the Akkadian period. History The city originated around 5000 BC as a small farming village. Early Bronze Early Dynastic IIIA ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Girdi Qala And Logardan
Girdi Qala and Logardan (a few hundred meters to the north) are adjacent ancient Near East archaeological sites in Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Sulaymānīyah Governorate in northeast Iraq in the Kurdistan region, parts of a complex that was occupied off and on for at least six millennia. The site lies on the west bank of the Tavuq Cay river, a tributary of the Tigris river. The nearest notable archaeological sites are Jarmo to the north and Tell Kunara to the east. It is thought that Logardan was a political and religious center while Girdi Qala contained residential (North Mound) and craft/industrial (Main Mound) areas. Girdi Qala was occupied from the Late Chacolitic I period until the Islamic period and Logardan from the Halaf period until the Islamic age. The primary occupation was during the Uruk period. The site is important for establishing the form and timing of the Uruk Expansion in a new region. Other Uruk sites in the area include Kani Shaie and Gurga Chiya. Archaeology ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yumuktepe
Yumuktepe, also known as Yümüktepe, is a tell (ruin mound) within the city borders of Mersin, Turkey. In 1936, the mound was on the outskirts of Mersin, but after a rapid increase of population, the mound was surrounded by the Toroslar municipality of Mersin. History There are 23 levels of occupation dating from the Neolithic. Neolithic Occupation begins in the Neolithic, . In his book, ''Prehistoric Mersin'', Garstang lists the tools unearthed in the excavations. The earliest tools are made of either stone or ceramic. Both agriculture and animal husbandry (sheep, cattle, goats and pigs) were among the economic activities in Yumuktepe. Chalcolithic In the layer which corresponds to roughly 4500 BC, remains have been found of one of the earliest fortifications in human history to exist. According to Isabella Caneva, during the Chalcolithic age an early copper blast furnace was in use in Yumuktepe. This was probably a coastal settlement, but because of the alluvion carri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kenan Tepe
Kenan Tepe is an ancient Near East archaeological site located within the Diyarbakır Province in the Ilisu dam upper Tigris River region in the southeast of modern Turkey near the borders of modern Syria and Iraq, about 12 kilometers east of the modern town of Bismil and on the north bank of the Tigris river. It lies 15 kilometers to the northeast of the site of Ziyaret Tepe and 12 kilometers to the west of Salat Tepe. The site was one of several examined by the Upper Tigris Archaeological Research Project in preparation for flooding resulting from the construction of the Ilisu Dam, including Boztepe and Talavas Tepe. Archaeology An archaeological survey of the region in the 1990s found a number of potential excavation targets including Giricano, Ziyaret Tepe, Gre Dimse, Boztepe, Salat Tepe, and Kenan Tepe. Kenan Tepe covers an area of about 4.5 hectares with a 1.1 hectare upper mound (built up on a natural hill) and a east and northeast (350 meters by 200 meters ) lower town ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tepe Gawra
Tepe Gawra (also Tepe Gaura) is an ancient Mesopotamian settlement NNE of Mosul in northwest Iraq that was occupied between 5000 and 1500 BC. It is roughly a mile from the site of Nineveh and 2 miles E of the site of Khorsabad. It contains remains from the Halaf period, the Ubaid period, and the Uruk period (4000–3100 BC). Tepe Gawra contains material relating to the Halaf-Ubaid Transitional period c. 5,500–5,000 BC. Tell Arpachiyah is a contemporary Neolithic site nearby. At Yarim Tepe, located about to the west of Gawra, the uppermost levels of the Halaf cultural deposits are analogous to the Arpachiyah levels TT-6 to TT-8, and Tepe Gawra levels XVIII-XX. Archaeology The tell or settlement mound at Tepe Gawra is in diameter and high. A brief exploratory dig was performed by Austen Layard in 1849 who stated "By my directions deep trenches were opened into its sides, but only fragments of pottery were discovered". The site was formally excavated in 1927 and between ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Değirmentepe
Değirmentepe or Değirmentepe Hüyük is an archaeological site which is located at 50 km north of the river Euphrates and at 24 km in the northeast of Malatya province in eastern Anatolia. It is now submerged in the reservoir area of the Karakaya and Atatürk dams. Rescue excavations were undertaken in under the supervision of Ufuk Esin of Istanbul University and interrupted in by flooding of the dams. History Four archaeological layers whose dates are determined by techniques such as C14 and traces of fusion have been discovered in this mound: # Middle Ages (late Roman-Byzantine period) # Iron Age (1000 BCE) # Bronze Age ancient I (Karaz or Khirbet Kerak culture, end of 4th millennium-beginning of 3rd millennium BCE) # Chalcolithic Age (Ubaid period, second half of 5th millennium BCE.) Chalcolithic The Chalcolithic Değirmentepe level of Ubaid-4 of the second half of the Vth millennium BCE, of which the sites of Tülintepe, Seyh Hüyük, and Kurban Hüyük are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tell Hammam Et-Turkman
Tell Hammam et-Turkman is an ancient Near Eastern tell site located in the Balikh River valley in Raqqa Governorate, northern Syria, not far from the Tell Sabi Abyad site and around 80 km north of the city of Raqqa. The Tell is located on the left bank of the Balikh and has a diameter of 500 m and is 45 m high. 500 m north is the modern village of Damešliyye. History The earliest occupation of the site was northern Ubaid period (Period IV) with radiocarbon dates between n 4400 and 3600 BC. Significant building occurred up to the point where the site was destroyed in a conflagration radiocarbon dated to 3400 - 3200 BC. This is typically considered the Uruk Period though no Uruk ceramics were found so the situation is unclear. After a period of abandonment the site became active again, only to be violently destroyed at the end of the 3rd Millennium BC. Lesser scale occupation occurred circa 1600 BC. Archaeology The site was archaeologically examined by the Universities of Am ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
