Coalition Committee
A coalition committee (, also called the steering committee) is an informal committee, body composed of leading figures from the Coalition government, coalition parties and the government. Coalition committees, in contrast to parliamentary committees, have no formal authority granted to them by constitution or legislation. Coalition committees are common in Western European countries; in Germany, they have existed with interruptions since the of the Grand coalition (Germany), first Grand Coalition (1966–1969). Coalition committees are also sometimes found in Germany at the level of the States of Germany, federal states. A coalition committee coordinates cooperation between coalition partners. The committee operation is frequently defined in the coalition agreement: for example, committee meetings can be scheduled either regularly or only in the event of particular differences between the actors involved. In practice, ad hoc committee meetings have also occurred. Members of coalitio ...
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Steering Committee
A committee or commission is a body of one or more persons subordinate to a deliberative assembly or other form of organization. A committee may not itself be considered to be a form of assembly or a decision-making body. Usually, an assembly or organization sends matters to a committee as a way to explore them more fully than would be possible if the whole assembly or organization were considering them. Committees may have different functions and their types of work differ depending on the type of organization and its needs. A member of a legislature may be delegated a committee assignment, which gives them the right to serve on a certain committee. Purpose A deliberative assembly or other organization may form a committee (or "commission") consisting of one or more persons to assist with the work of the assembly. For larger organizations, much work is done in committees. They can be a way to formally draw together people of relevant expertise from different parts of an organi ...
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Helmut Kohl
Helmut Josef Michael Kohl (; 3 April 1930 – 16 June 2017) was a German politician who served as chancellor of Germany and governed the ''Federal Republic'' from 1982 to 1998. He was leader of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) from 1973 to 1998 and oversaw the end of the Cold War, the German reunification and the creation of the European Union (EU). Kohl’s 16-year tenure is the longest in German post-war history, and is the longest for any democratically elected chancellor of Germany. Born in Ludwigshafen to a Catholic Church, Catholic family, Kohl joined the CDU in 1946 at the age of 16. He earned a PhD in history at Heidelberg University in 1958 and worked as a business executive before becoming a full-time politician. He was elected as the youngest member of the Landtag of Rhineland-Palatinate, Parliament of Rhineland-Palatinate in 1959 and from 1969 to 1976 was Minister-president, minister president of the Rhineland-Palatinate state. Viewed during the 1960s and the ea ...
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Conference Of Minister-Presidents
The Conference of Minister-Presidents (, MPK) is a committee formed by the sixteen States of Germany (''Bundesländer'') to coordinate policy in areas that fall within the sole jurisdiction of the Länder, e.g. broadcasting. The conference is not a constitutional body, therefore formal agreements between the federal states are fixed in a ''Staatsvertrag'' (treaty/compact). Since the MPK itself is not an official constitutional body, its meetings are purely informal, coordinating in nature. Similar bodies also exist at the level of the specialist ministers (such as the Conference of Ministers of Education and Cultural Affairs) The first meeting of the conference took place in 8–10 July 1948, preceding the formation of the Federal Republic of Germany. The measures against the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany were coordinated by the Federal-State Conference until 2021. History The first meeting of the minister-presidents of all German states after the Second World War took place in ...
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Coalition Agreement
A coalition government, or coalition cabinet, is a government by political parties that enter into a power-sharing arrangement of the executive. Coalition governments usually occur when no single party has achieved an absolute majority after an election. A party not having majority is common under proportional representation, but not in nations with majoritarian electoral systems. There are different forms of coalition governments, minority coalitions and surplus majority coalition governments. A surplus majority coalition government controls more than the absolute majority of seats in parliament necessary to have a majority in the government, whereas minority coalition governments do not hold the majority of legislative seats. A coalition government may also be created in a time of national difficulty or crisis (for example, during wartime or economic crisis) to give a government the high degree of perceived political legitimacy or collective identity, it can also play a role i ...
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Back Room
Back room (also back rooms or backrooms) may refer to: * The Backrooms, a piece of internet fiction ** ''Backrooms'' (web series), a YouTube series based on the fiction ** ''The Backrooms'' (film), an upcoming film based on the web series * " Backr00ms", a 2025 song by Playboi Carti * ''The Back Room'' (album), a 2005 album by the British rock band Editors * Dark room (sexuality), a room at a nightclub or sex club * Emo's Emo's is a music and event venue located in Austin, Texas. Emo's got its start as a Houston punk club in 1989, with the Austin location opening in 1992. The Houston location closed its doors in September 2001. The nightclub is an official ...

Democratic Theory
Democracy (from , ''dēmos'' 'people' and ''kratos'' 'rule') is a form of government in which political power is vested in the people or the population of a state. Under a minimalist definition of democracy, rulers are elected through competitive Election, elections while more expansive or maximalist definitions link democracy to guarantees of civil liberties and human rights in addition to competitive elections. In a direct democracy, the people have the direct authority to Deliberation, deliberate and decide legislation. In a representative democracy, the people choose governing officials through elections to do so. The definition of "the people" and the ways authority is shared among them or delegated by them have changed over time and at varying rates in different countries. Features of democracy oftentimes include freedom of assembly, freedom of association, association, personal property, freedom of religion and freedom of speech, speech, citizenship, consent of the governe ...
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Cabinet Of Ministers
A cabinet in governing is a group of people with the constitutional or legal task to rule a country or state, or advise a head of state, usually from the executive branch. Their members are known as ministers and secretaries and they are often appointed by either heads of state or government. Cabinets are typically the body responsible for the day-to-day management of the government and response to sudden events, whereas the legislative and judicial branches work in a measured pace, in sessions according to lengthy procedures. The function of a cabinet varies: in some countries, it is a collegiate decision-making body with collective responsibility, while in others it may function either as a purely advisory body or an assisting institution to a decision-making head of state or head of government. In some countries, particularly those that use a parliamentary system (e.g., the United Kingdom), the cabinet collectively decides the government's direction, especially in reg ...
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Declassification
Declassification is the process of ceasing a protective classification, often under the principle of freedom of information. Procedures for declassification vary by country. Papers may be withheld without being classified as secret, and eventually made available. United Kingdom Classified information has been governed by various Official Secrets Acts, the latest being the Official Secrets Act 1989. Until 1989 requested information was routinely kept secret invoking the public interest defence; this was largely removed by the 1989 Act. The Freedom of Information Act 2000 largely requires information to be disclosed unless there are good reasons for secrecy. Confidential government papers such as the yearly cabinet papers used routinely to be withheld formally, although not necessarily classified as secret, for 30 years under the thirty year rule, and released usually on a New Year's Day; freedom of information legislation has relaxed this rigid approach. United States ...
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