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Cladotherians
Cladotheria is a clade (sometimes ranked as a legion) of mammals. It contains modern therian mammals (marsupials and placentals) and several extinct groups, such as the "dryolestoids", amphitheriids and peramurids. The clade was named in 1975 by Malcolm McKenna. In 2002, it was defined as a node-based taxon containing "the common ancestor of dryolestids and living therians, plus all its descendants". A different, stem-based definition was given in 2013, in which Cladotheria contains all taxa that are closer to ''Mus musculus'' (the house mouse) than to the "symmetrodont" ''Spalacotherium tricuspidens''. Cladotheria incorporates a set of nested mammal clades culminating in Tribosphenida (also known as Boreosphenida), mammals with fully tribosphenic teeth such as therians and a few of their closest relatives. The clade Prototribosphenida includes "the common ancestor of '' Vincelestes'' and living therians, plus all of its descendants". Apart from tribosphenids, Prototribospheni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Donodontidae
Donodontidae is an extinct family of cladotherian mammals known from the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous of North Africa. When originally named in 1991, Donodontidae was a Monotypic taxon, monotypic family containing a single species: ''Donodon, Donodon perscriptoris''. In 2022, four more species were designated and placed within the family: ''Donodon minor'', ''Stylodens, Stylodens amerrukensis'', ''Anoualestes, Anoualestes incidens'', and ''Amazighodon, Amazighodon orbis''. All five species are Endemism, endemic to the Ksar Metlili Formation of Morocco, which is dated to the Tithonian (last stage of the Jurassic) and Berriasian (first stage of the Cretaceous). Donodontid fossils are restricted to postcanine teeth and associated jaw fragments. Teeth Donodontid molars are pre-tribosphenic, a form approaching the Tribosphenic molar, tribosphenic teeth of Theria, therian mammals and their closest relatives. The lower molars are known in ''Donodon'', ''Anoualestes'', and ''Amazi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peramus
''Peramus'' is an extinct genus of cladotherian mammal. It lived in the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous of Europe and North Africa. Species There are three known extinct species in the genus: * ''Peramus dubius'' Lulworth Formation, United Kingdom, Berriasian * ''Peramus minor'' Lulworth Formation, United Kingdom, Berriasian * ''Peramus tenuirostris'' Lulworth Formation, United Kingdom, Berriasian Additionally, indeterminate remains are known from the Ksar Metlili Formation of Morocco, dating to the Tithonian-Berriasian, and the Angeac-Charente bonebed in France, dating to the Berriasian.Ronan Allain, Romain Vullo, Lee Rozada, Jérémy Anquetin, Renaud Bourgeais, et al.Vertebrate paleobiodiversity of the Early Cretaceous (Berriasian) Angeac-Charente Lagerstätte (southwestern France): implications for continental faunal turnover at the J/K boundary Geodiversitas, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle Paris, In press. ffhal-03264773f Phylogeny ''Peramus'' is generally c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dryolestoid
Dryolestida is an extinct order of mammals, known from the Jurassic and Cretaceous. They are considered Basal (phylogenetics), basal members of the clade Cladotheria, close to the ancestry of therian mammals. It is also believed that they developed a fully mammalian jaw and also had the Ossicle, three middle ear bones. Most members of the group, as with most Mesozoic mammals, are only known from fragmentary tooth and jaw remains. The group contains Dryolestidae and the possibly Paraphyly, paraphyletic Paurodontidae, and some other unplaced genera, which were small insectivores, known from the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of Laurasia, primarily Europe and North America, with a single record from Asia. During the Late Jurassic in North America and from the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous in Europe, they were among the most diverse mammal groups. They have sometimes been placed as part of a broader group, the "Dryolestoidea", which typically includes Dryolestida and Meridio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peramuridae
The family Peramuridae is a family of mammals that lived in the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous The Early Cretaceous (geochronology, geochronological name) or the Lower Cretaceous (chronostratigraphy, chronostratigraphic name) is the earlier or lower of the two major divisions of the Cretaceous. It is usually considered to stretch from 143.1 .... They are considered to be advanced cladotherians, closely related to therian mammals as part of Zatheria. References * Cladotheria Jurassic mammals Prehistoric mammal families Tithonian first appearances Berriasian extinctions {{cretaceous-mammal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dryolestida
Dryolestida is an extinct order of mammals, known from the Jurassic and Cretaceous. They are considered basal members of the clade Cladotheria, close to the ancestry of therian mammals. It is also believed that they developed a fully mammalian jaw and also had the three middle ear bones. Most members of the group, as with most Mesozoic mammals, are only known from fragmentary tooth and jaw remains. The group contains Dryolestidae and the possibly paraphyletic Paurodontidae, and some other unplaced genera, which were small insectivores, known from the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of Laurasia, primarily Europe and North America, with a single record from Asia. During the Late Jurassic in North America and from the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous in Europe, they were among the most diverse mammal groups. They have sometimes been placed as part of a broader group, the "Dryolestoidea", which typically includes Dryolestida and Meridiolestida, a diverse group of mammals in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amphitheriid
Amphitheriidae is a family of Mesozoic mammals restricted to the Middle Jurassic of Britain, with indeterminate members also possibly known from the equivalently aged Itat Formation in Siberia and the Anoual Formation of Morocco. They were members of Cladotheria, more derived than members of Dryolestida, and possibly forming a close relationship with Peramuridae The family Peramuridae is a family of mammals that lived in the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous The Early Cretaceous (geochronology, geochronological name) or the Lower Cretaceous (chronostratigraphy, chronostratigraphic name) is the earlier .... Amphitheriidae is the only family of the order Amphitheriida. Classification Cladogram after Panciroli et al. 2018:Cladogram after Magallanes et al, 2024: References Further reading *Zofia Kielan-Jaworowska, Richard L. Cifelli, and Zhe-Xi Luo, ''Mammals from the Age of Dinosaurs: Origins, Evolution, and Structure'' (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004), 14,3 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peramurid
The family Peramuridae is a family of mammals that lived in the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. They are considered to be advanced cladotherians, closely related to therian mammals as part of Zatheria Cladotheria is a clade (sometimes ranked as a Legion (taxonomy), legion) of mammals. It contains modern therian mammals (marsupials and Placentalia, placentals) and several extinct groups, such as the "dryolestoids", amphitheriids and peramurids. .... References * Cladotheria Jurassic mammals Prehistoric mammal families Tithonian first appearances Berriasian extinctions {{cretaceous-mammal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tribosphenida
Tribosphenida is a clade of mammals that includes the ancestor of ''Hypomylos'', Aegialodontia and Theria (the last common ancestor of marsupials and placentals plus all of its descendants). It belongs to the group Zatheria. The current definition of Tribosphenida is more or less synonymous with Boreosphenida. Characteristics Tribosphenid mammals were originally grouped on the basis of triangular or V-shaped (Molar (tooth)#Tribosphenic, tribosphenic) molars. The relationship of the also tribosphenic australosphenidans, a group of mammals from the Jurassic-Cretaceous of the Southern Hemisphere often suggested to be close relatives of living Monotreme, monotremes, has been questioned, and it has been argued that they developed tribosphenic molars independently from those of "true" tribosphenidans. Some authors have alternatively continued to argue that non-monotreme australosphenidans are in fact true tribosphenidans unrelated to monotremes. "True" unambiguous members of Tribospheni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amphitheriidae
Amphitheriidae is a family of Mesozoic mammals restricted to the Middle Jurassic of Britain, with indeterminate members also possibly known from the equivalently aged Itat Formation in Siberia and the Anoual Formation of Morocco. They were members of Cladotheria, more derived than members of Dryolestida, and possibly forming a close relationship with Peramuridae The family Peramuridae is a family of mammals that lived in the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous The Early Cretaceous (geochronology, geochronological name) or the Lower Cretaceous (chronostratigraphy, chronostratigraphic name) is the earlier .... Amphitheriidae is the only family of the order Amphitheriida. Classification Cladogram after Panciroli et al. 2018:Cladogram after Magallanes et al, 2024: References Further reading *Zofia Kielan-Jaworowska, Richard L. Cifelli, and Zhe-Xi Luo, ''Mammals from the Age of Dinosaurs: Origins, Evolution, and Structure'' (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004), 14 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malcolm McKenna
Malcolm Carnegie McKenna (1930–2008) was an American paleontologist and author on the subject. Paleontologist McKenna began his paleontology career at the Webb School of California (grades 9-12) in Claremont, California, under noted paleontologist and teacher, Raymond Alf. He attended the California Institute of Technology and Pomona College, then graduated in paleontology at the University of California, Berkeley, where he also earned his Ph.D. He was the curator of vertebrate paleontology at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City. Through most of his four decades at the museum, he held a professorship in geosciences at Columbia University. From 1975 to 1976 he served as president of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology. With Susan K. Bell, he co-authored the 1997 book ''Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level,'' a comprehensive work genealogy of Mammalia, including the systematics, relationships, and occurrences of all Mammal taxa, living and ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Node-based Taxon
Phylogenetic nomenclature is a method of nomenclature for taxon, taxa in biology that uses phylogenetics, phylogenetic definitions for taxon names as explained below. This contrasts with Biological classification, the traditional method, by which taxon names are defined by a ''Type (biology), type'', which can be a specimen or a taxon of lower Taxonomic rank, rank, and a description in words. Phylogenetic nomenclature is regulated currently by the ''PhyloCode, International Code of Phylogenetic Nomenclature'' (''PhyloCode''). Definitions Phylogenetic nomenclature associates names with clades, groups consisting of an ancestor and all its descendants. Such groups are said to be Monophyly, monophyletic. There are slightly different methods of specifying the ancestor, which are discussed below. Once the ancestor is specified, the meaning of the name is fixed: the ancestor and all organisms which are its descendants are included in the taxon named. Listing all these organisms (i.e. prov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henkelotherium Guimarotae
''Henkelotherium'' is an extinct genus of dryolestidan mammal from the Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) Camadas de Guimarota, in Portugal. Unlike many other Jurassic mammals, it is known from a largely complete skeleton, and is thought to have had an arboreal lifestyle. Description The skull of ''Henkelotherium'' is long, and presacral body length is . This suggest a weight of about . Paleobiology Primitive characters of ''Henkelotherium'' (e.g. asymmetric condyles of the femur) indicate that this species had a mode of locomotion similar to tree shrews and opossums. The small size of ''Henkelotherium'' and elongated tail made it suited to an arboreal lifestyle and capable of climbing trees, a notion supported by the paleoecological reconstruction of the Guimarota ecosystem indicating a densely vegetated environment. Based on its late growth of jaws and it possessing additional molars that erupted after antemolar replacement was completed, ''Henkelotherium'' is believed to have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
