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Choke Exchange
A choke exchange is a telephone exchange designed to handle many simultaneous call attempts to telephone numbers of that exchange. Choke exchanges are typically used to service telephone numbers of talk radio caller and contest lines of radio stations and event ticket vendors. Motivation A central office might only have physical plant resources to handle ca. 8% of allocated telephone numbers, based on historical call traffic averages. A choke exchange has trunk facilities to other exchanges designed in a manner that high call volume is handled through the ''choke'' connection rather than overwhelming the rest of the local telephone network. Other local exchanges have a limited number of direct trunks (junctions) to the choke exchange, which may only serve one or more customers, such as a radio station contest line, which may experience many simultaneous calls. But instead of calls being overflowed to main or tandem routes shared with other calls, the unsuccessful callers receive a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Telephone Exchange
A telephone exchange, telephone switch, or central office is a central component of a telecommunications system in the public switched telephone network (PSTN) or in large enterprises. It facilitates the establishment of communication circuits, enabling telephone calls between subscribers. The term "central office" can also refer to a central location for fiber optic equipment for a fiber internet provider. In historical perspective, telecommunication terminology has evolved with time. The term ''telephone exchange'' is often used synonymously with ''central office'', a Bell System term. A central office is defined as the telephone switch controlling connections for one or more central office prefixes. However, it also often denotes the building used to house the inside plant equipment for multiple telephone exchange areas. In North America, the term ''wire center'' may be used to denote a central office location, indicating a facility that provides a telephone with a dial tone ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Area Code 214
Area codes 214, 469, 972, and 945 are telephone area codes in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) for Dallas, Texas and most of the eastern portion of the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. The area codes are assigned in an overlay complex to a single numbering plan area that was the core of one of the original area codes of 1947, area code 214. History The original configuration of the first nationwide telephone numbering plan in 1947 divided the state of Texas into four numbering plan areas (NPAs) with area codes 214 (north-east), 512 (south-central), 713 (south-east), and 915 (north-west and west), respectively. Numbering plan area 214 extrended roughly from a line just west of Dallas to Waco, to the borders of Arkansas and Louisiana. In 1954, most of Tarrant County was combined with much of the eastern region of area code 915 to form area code 817. Despite the growth of the Dallas metropolitan area in the second half of the 20th century, this configuration remained in p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Area Code 313
Area code 313 is a telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan serving Detroit and most of its closest suburbs in Wayne County, Michigan. It includes the enclave cities Hamtramck and Highland Park, as well as Allen Park, Dearborn, Dearborn Heights, Ecorse, the Grosse Pointe communities, Harper Woods, Inkster, Melvindale, Lincoln Park, Redford, River Rouge, and Taylor north of Goddard Road and east of Holland Road. History Area code 313 was assigned as one of the original 86 area codes in October 1947, when it was designated to serve the southeastern quadrant of Michigan, including Metro Detroit, Flint, and the southern part of The Thumb. The rest of the eastern half of the Lower Peninsula was assigned to area code 517. Because of the demand for new telephone service in Detroit's suburbs and neighboring areas, the northern portion, including Detroit's northern suburbs, Flint and the southern Thumb were split off with new area code 810 on 1 December 199 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Illinois
Illinois ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern United States. It borders on Lake Michigan to its northeast, the Mississippi River to its west, and the Wabash River, Wabash and Ohio River, Ohio rivers to its south. Of the fifty U.S. states, Illinois has the List of U.S. states and territories by GDP, fifth-largest gross domestic product (GDP), the List of U.S. states and territories by population, sixth-largest population, and the List of U.S. states and territories by area, 25th-most land area. Its capital city is Springfield, Illinois, Springfield in the center of the state, and the state's largest city is Chicago in the northeast. Present-day Illinois was inhabited by Indigenous peoples of the Americas#History, Indigenous cultures for thousands of years. The French were the first Europeans to arrive, settling near the Mississippi and Illinois River, Illinois rivers in the 17th century Illinois Country, as part of their sprawling colony of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chicago
Chicago is the List of municipalities in Illinois, most populous city in the U.S. state of Illinois and in the Midwestern United States. With a population of 2,746,388, as of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, it is the List of United States cities by population, third-most populous city in the United States after New York City and Los Angeles. As the county seat, seat of Cook County, Illinois, Cook County, the List of the most populous counties in the United States, second-most populous county in the U.S., Chicago is the center of the Chicago metropolitan area, often colloquially called "Chicagoland" and home to 9.6 million residents. Located on the shore of Lake Michigan, Chicago was incorporated as a city in 1837 near a Chicago Portage, portage between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River, Mississippi River watershed. It grew rapidly in the mid-19th century. In 1871, the Great Chicago Fire destroyed several square miles and left more than 100,000 homeless, but ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Area Code 312
Area code 312 is a telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan for the city of Chicago, including downtown, the Chicago Loop, and its immediate environs. The numbering plan area is completely surrounded by area code 773, which serves the rest of Chicago. Both area codes form an overlay complex with area code 872. 312 is an enclave area code, and is roughly bounded by Illinois Route 64, North Avenue on the north, Western Avenue on the west, and 35th Street on the south, with Lake Michigan to the east. In terms of geographic area covered, 312 is one of the smallest area codes in the nation, encompassing only a few square miles. History Area code 312 was assigned to one of the original 86 numbering plan areas (NPAs) created in 1947 for the North American Numbering Plan. As a result of Illinois' dense population, particularly in the north, the state was split between four NPAs, given that each NPA could only accommodate approximately 500 central offices. Area code 312 o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miami, Florida
Miami is a East Coast of the United States, coastal city in the U.S. state of Florida and the county seat of Miami-Dade County, Florida, Miami-Dade County in South Florida. It is the core of the Miami metropolitan area, which, with a population of 6.14 million, is the second-largest metropolitan area in the Southeastern United States, Southeast after Atlanta metropolitan area, Atlanta, and the Metropolitan statistical area#United States, ninth-largest in the United States. With a population of 442,241 as of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, Miami is the List of municipalities in Florida, second-most populous city in Florida, after Jacksonville, Florida, Jacksonville. Miami has the List of tallest buildings in the United States#Cities with the most skyscrapers, third-largest skyline in the U.S. with over List of tallest buildings in Miami, 300 high-rises, 70 of which exceed . Miami is a major center and leader in finance, commerce, culture, arts, and internation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Area Code 305
Area codes 305, 786, and 645 are telephone area codes in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) for Miami Miami is a East Coast of the United States, coastal city in the U.S. state of Florida and the county seat of Miami-Dade County, Florida, Miami-Dade County in South Florida. It is the core of the Miami metropolitan area, which, with a populat ..., Florida, Miami-Dade County, Florida, Miami-Dade County, and the part of Monroe County, Florida, Monroe County in the Florida Keys in the United States. The mainland portion of Monroe County is served by area code 239. History In 1947, the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) announced the first nationwide telephone numbering plan and divided the United States and Canada into 86 numbering plan areas and assigned the original North American area codes, a unique code for each area, to speed the connection times for Operator Toll Dialing, operator toll dialing. The state of Florida was a single numbering plan area w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Baton Rouge ( ; , ) is the List of capitals in the United States, capital city of the U.S. state of Louisiana. It had a population of 227,470 at the 2020 United States census, making it List of municipalities in Louisiana, Louisiana's second-most populous city. It is the county seat, seat of Louisiana's most populous List of parishes in Louisiana, parish, East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana, East Baton Rouge Parish, and the center of Louisiana's second-largest metropolitan area, Baton Rouge metropolitan area, Greater Baton Rouge, which had 870,569 residents in 2020. Located on the eastern bank of the Mississippi River, the Baton Rouge area owes its historical importance to its strategic site upon the Istrouma Bluff, the first natural cliff, bluff upriver from the Mississippi River Delta at the Gulf of Mexico. This allowed the development of a business quarter safe from seasonal flooding. In addition, it built a levee system stretching from the bluff southward to protect the rive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Area Code 225
Area code 225 is a telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) for the southern part of the U.S. state of Louisiana, which includes the entire nine-parish Baton Rouge metropolitan area. The area code was created in August 1998 in an area code split from area code 504. The area code was Louisiana's third area code, and the first new area code in the state in forty-one years. The numbering plan area (NPA) comprises the parishes of Ascension, East Baton Rouge, East Feliciana, Iberville, Livingston, Pointe Coupee, St. Helena, St. James, West Baton Rouge and West Feliciana. On a standard telephone keypad, the numbers 2-2-5 correspond to the letters C-A-J, a nod to the area's Cajun heritage. The area code has become part of the regional identity for the Baton Rouge metropolitan area, to the extent that a local news magazine was named ''225'', published by Louisiana Business Inc. Service area Cities in the numbering plan area include: * Albany * Baker * B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cleveland, Ohio
Cleveland is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Cuyahoga County, Ohio, Cuyahoga County. Located along the southern shore of Lake Erie, it is situated across the Canada–United States border, Canada–U.S. maritime border and approximately west of the Ohio-Pennsylvania state border. Cleveland is the most populous city on Lake Erie, the list of cities in Ohio, second-most populous city in Ohio, and the List of United States cities by population, 53rd-most populous city in the U.S. with a population of 372,624 in 2020. The city anchors the Greater Cleveland, Cleveland metropolitan area, the Metropolitan statistical area, 33rd-largest in the U.S. at 2.18 million residents, as well as the larger Cleveland–Akron, Ohio, Akron–Canton, Ohio, Canton combined statistical area with 3.63 million residents. Cleveland was founded in 1796 near the mouth of the Cuyahoga River as part of the Connecticut Western Reserve in modern-day Northeast Ohio by General Moses Clea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Area Code 216
Area code 216 is the telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) for the city of Cleveland and most of its inner-ring suburbs in Cuyahoga County of the U.S. state of Ohio. The area code is one of the original North American area codes established in 1947. History The first nationwide telephone numbering plan of 1947 divided telecommunications services in Ohio into four numbering plan areas (NPAs), one for each quadrant of the state. Area code 216 was assigned to the northeastern part, comprising the area from Lorain to Youngstown. In 1996, the southern portion, including Akron, Canton, and Youngstown, received area code 330, while the eastern and western portions were assigned area code 440 in 1997. The boundary between 216 and 440 was drawn in such a way that 440 was barely contiguous; the two portions of 440 were only joined by a small section in the south. The eastern and western portions are currently not contiguous. Despite comprising a major ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
