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Choiceless Choices
"Choiceless choices" is a term coined by Lawrence Langer in his 1982 book ''Versions of Survival: The Holocaust and the Human Spirit'', to describe the no-win situations faced by Jews during the Holocaust The Holocaust (), known in Hebrew language, Hebrew as the (), was the genocide of History of the Jews in Europe, European Jews during World War II. From 1941 to 1945, Nazi Germany and Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy .... References Holocaust terminology {{Holocaust-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lawrence Langer
Lawrence Lee Langer (June 20, 1929 – January 29, 2024) was an American scholar, Holocaust analyst, and professor of English and Holocaust education. Personal life Lawrence Lee Langer was born to Irving and Esther (Strauss) Langer in the Bronx, New York in 1929. He received his BA from City College of New York in 1951 and an MA (1952) and PhD (1961) from Harvard University. He married Sondra Weinstein, in 1951, and together they had two children. Langer died from rectal cancer at his home in Wellesley, Massachusetts, on January 29, 2024, at the age of 94. Work Career beginnings Langer began teaching at the University of Connecticut in 1957 and moved to Simmons College in Boston in 1958, where he remained until his retirement in 1992. His interest in the Holocaust began in 1963, after he received a Fulbright grant to teach American literature at the University of Graz in Austria. In May 1964 he drove with an American colleague through Czechoslovakia to Poland and spent two ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
No-win Situation
A no-win situation or lose–lose situation is an outcome of a negotiation, conflict or challenging circumstance in which all parties are worse off. It is an alternative to a win–win or outcome in which one party wins. Arbitration or mediation may be used to avoid no-win outcomes and find more satisfactory results. In game theory In game theory, a "no-win" situation is a circumstance in which no player benefits from any outcome, hence ultimately losing the match. This may be because of any or all of the following: * Unavoidable or unforeseeable circumstances causing the situation to change after decisions have been made. This is common in text adventures. * '' Zugzwang'', as in chess, when any move a player chooses makes them worse off than before such as losing a piece or being checkmated. * A situation in which the player has to accomplish two mutually dependent tasks each of which must be completed before the other or that are mutually exclusive (a Catch-22). * Ignora ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Holocaust
The Holocaust (), known in Hebrew language, Hebrew as the (), was the genocide of History of the Jews in Europe, European Jews during World War II. From 1941 to 1945, Nazi Germany and Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe, around two-thirds of Europe's Jewish population. The murders were carried out primarily through mass shootings and poison gas in extermination camps, chiefly Auschwitz concentration camp#Auschwitz II-Birkenau, Auschwitz-Birkenau, Treblinka extermination camp, Treblinka, Belzec extermination camp, Belzec, Sobibor extermination camp, Sobibor, and Chełmno extermination camp, Chełmno in Occupation of Poland (1939–1945), occupied Poland. Separate Nazi persecutions killed a similar or larger number of non-Jewish civilians and prisoners of war (POWs); the term ''Holocaust'' is sometimes used to include the murder and persecution of Victims of Nazi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
