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Chicanismo
Chicanismo emerged as the cultural consciousness behind the Chicano Movement. The central aspect of Chicanismo is the identification of Chicano, Chicanos with their Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Indigenous American roots to create an affinity with the notion that they are Native to the land rather than immigrants. Chicano identification with Indigenous heritage is rooted in Mexican state-sponsored Indigenismo in the United States, Indigenismo policies. Chicanismo brought a new sense of Chicano nationalism, nationalism for Chicanos that extended the notion of family to all Chicano people. ''Barrios'', or working-class neighborhoods, became the cultural hubs for the people. It created a symbolic connection to the ancestral ties of Mesoamerica and the Nahuatl language in the United States, Nahuatl language through the situating of Aztlán, the ancestral home of the Aztecs, in the southwestern United States. Chicanismo also rejects Americanization (immigration), Americanization ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chicano
Chicano (masculine form) or Chicana (feminine form) is an ethnic identity for Mexican Americans that emerged from the Chicano Movement. In the 1960s, ''Chicano'' was widely reclaimed among Hispanics in the building of a movement toward political empowerment, ethnic solidarity, and pride in being of Indigenous peoples of Mexico, Indigenous descent (with many Nahuatl language in the United States, using the Nahuatl language or Chicano names, names). ''Chicano'' was used in a sense separate from ''Mexican American'' identity. Youth in ''Barrioization, barrios'' rejected cultural assimilation into Mainstream culture, mainstream American culture and embraced their own identity and worldview as a form of empowerment and resistance. The community forged an independent political and cultural movement, sometimes working alongside the Black power movement. The Chicano Movement faltered by the mid-1970s as a result of external and internal pressures. It was under state surveillance, infi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chicana Feminist
Chicana feminism is a sociopolitical movement, theory, and praxis that scrutinizes the historical, cultural, spiritual, educational, and economic intersections impacting Chicanas and the Chicana/o community in the United States. Chicana feminism empowers women to challenge institutionalized social norms and regards anyone a feminist who fights for the end of women's oppression in the community. Chicana feminism encouraged women to reclaim their existence between and among the Chicano Movement and second-wave feminist movements from the 1960s to the 1970s. Chicana feminists recognized that empowering women would empower the Chicana/o community, yet routinely faced opposition. Critical developments in the field, including from Chicana lesbian feminists, expanded limited ideas of the Chicana beyond conventional understandings. Xicanisma formed as a significant intervention developed by Ana Castillo in 1994 to reinvigorate Chicana feminism and recognize a shift in consciousness th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chicano Movement
The Chicano Movement, also referred to as El Movimiento (Spanish for "the Movement"), was a civil rights movements, social and political movement in the United States that worked to embrace a Chicano, Chicano identity and worldview that combated structural racism, encouraged cultural revitalization, and achieved community empowerment by rejecting Cultural assimilation, assimilation. Chicanos expressed solidarity and defined their culture through the development of Chicano art during El Movimiento, and stood firm in preserving their religion. The Chicano Movement was influenced by and entwined with the Black power movement, and both movements held similar objectives of community empowerment and liberation while also calling for Black-brown unity, Black–Brown unity. Leaders such as Cesar Chavez, César Chávez, Reies Tijerina, and Rodolfo Gonzales learned strategies of resistance and worked with leaders of the Black Power movement. Chicano organizations like the Brown Berets and M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indigenismo In The United States
in the United States () is a nationalist ideology among Hispanic and Latino Americans, particularly Mexican Americans, which emphasizes the historical Indigenous ancestry of mestizos (Latinos of European and Indigenous descent). ''Indigenismo'' was a prominent aspect of 20th-century Chicano activism, with roots in Mexican nationalist state-sponsored Indigenismo in Mexico, Indigenismo policies dating to the 1920s. Central to Chicanismo is the idea that Chicanos are an Indigenous people, due to their partial Indigenous heritage, rather than descendants of European settlers. Mexican-American ''Indigenismo'' is sometimes called Chicano Indigenism. History According to curator and educator Amalia Mesa-Bains, ''Indigenismo'' has played an integral role in the formation of Chicano identity and activism in the United States, with non-Indigenous Chicanos identifying with Indigenous Mexican heritage. In the 1960s and 1970s, in an effort to distance themselves from a White Latinos, white an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mexican Americans
Mexican Americans are Americans of full or partial Mexican descent. In 2022, Mexican Americans comprised 11.2% of the US population and 58.9% of all Hispanic and Latino Americans. In 2019, 71% of Mexican Americans were born in the United States. Mexicans born outside the US make up 53% of the total population of foreign-born Hispanic Americans and 25% of the total foreign-born population. Chicano is a term used by some to describe the unique identity held by Mexican-Americans. The United States is home to the second-largest Mexican community in the world (24% of the entire Mexican-origin population of the world), behind only Mexico. Most Mexican Americans reside in the Southwest, with more than 60% of Mexican Americans living in the states of California and Texas. They have varying degrees of indigenous and European ancestry, with the latter being of mostly Spanish origins. Those of indigenous ancestry descend from one or more of the over 60 indigenous groups in Mexico ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chicano Youth Liberation Conference
Chicano Youth Liberation Conference was a conference held in Denver, Colorado, in March 1969. It is also called the ''Denver Youth Conference''. This was the first large scale gathering of Chicano/a youth to discuss issues of oppression, discrimination, and injustice. Rodolfo "Corky" Gonzales and the Crusade for Justice were the main organizers, and they drafted and presented " El Plan Espiritual de Aztlan" at the conference, which played a major part in the national Chicano movement. Background Chicano students faced discrimination in society, including schools. Mexican Americans "were being psychologically colonized, rejecting their cultural heritage for the Anglo-American values proliferated through the public educational system. The conference's response to US psychological aggression was the development of a new identity founded in cultural nationalism." Students organized themselves across the country. Student organizations like the Mexican American Youth Organization and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chicano Nationalism
Chicano nationalism is the pro- indigenist ethnic nationalist ideology of Chicanos. Background Violence and discrimination against Mexican Americans (usually against those of lower class and of visible Amerindian ancestry) continued into the 1950s and 1960s. Many organizations, businesses, and homeowners associations had official policies to exclude Mexican Americans. In many areas across the Southwest, Mexican Americans lived in separate residential areas, due to laws and real estate company policies. This group of laws and policies, known as redlining, lasted until the 1950s, and fall under the concept of official segregation. In many other instances, it was more of a general social understanding that Mexicans should be excluded from White society. For instance, signs with the phrase "No Dogs or Mexicans" were posted in small businesses and public pools throughout the Southwest well into the 60's. Some members of the Mexican American community began to question whether assimil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Farm Workers
The United Farm Workers of America, or more commonly just United Farm Workers (UFW), is a labor union for farmworkers in the United States. It originated from the merger of two workers' rights organizations, the National Farm Workers Association (NFWA) led by César Chávez, Dolores Huerta, and Gilbert Padilla and the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC) led by organizer Larry Itliong. They allied and transformed from workers' rights organizations into a union as a result of a series of strikes in 1965, when the Filipino-American and Mexican-American farmworkers of the AWOC in Delano, California, initiated a grape strike, and the NFWA went on strike in support. As a result of the commonality in goals and methods, the NFWA and the AWOC formed the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee on August 22, 1966. This organization was accepted into the AFL–CIO in 1972 and changed its name to the United Farm Workers Union. History Founding of the UFW In 1952, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dolores Huerta
Dolores Huerta (born April 10, 1930) is an American labor leader and feminist activist. After working for several years with the Community Service Organization (CSO), she co-founded the National Farm Workers Association (NFWA) with fellow activists Cesar Chavez and Gilbert Padilla, which eventually merged with the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC) to become the United Farm Workers (UFW). Huerta helped organize the Delano grape strike in 1965, managing boycott campaigns on the east coast and negotiating with the grape companies to end the strike. Some credit her with inventing the UFW slogan "" ( 'yes you can'). Although she initially opposed certain feminist concepts, such as the right to abortion and contraception, Huerta eventually became a strong proponent of women's rights. She has worked with the Feminist Majority Foundation (FMF) to help Latina women become more active and visible in politics, campaigned for women's reproductive rights, and served as an h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Racism In The United States
Racism has been reflected in discriminatory laws, practices, and actions (including violence) against Race (human categorization), racial or ethnic groups throughout the history of the United States. Since the early Colonial history of the United States, colonial era, White Americans have generally enjoyed legally or socially-sanctioned privileges and rights that have been denied to members of various ethnic or minority groups. European Americans have enjoyed advantages in matters of citizenship, criminal procedure, education, immigration, land acquisition, and voting rights. Before 1865, most African Americans were Slavery in the United States, enslaved; since the abolition of slavery, they have faced severe restrictions on their political, social, and economic freedoms. Native Americans in the United States, Native Americans have suffered Genocide of Indigenous peoples, genocide, Indian removal, forced removals, and List of Indian massacres in North America, massacres, and th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
La Raza Cósmica
''La raza cósmica'' (''The Cosmic Race'') is a Spanish-language book written and published in 1925 by Mexican philosopher, secretary of education, and 1929 presidential candidate José Vasconcelos to express the ideology of a future "fifth race" in the Americas; an agglomeration of all the races in the world with no respect to color or number to erect a new civilization: Universópolis. Claiming that social Darwinist and racialist ideologies are only created to validate, explain, and justify ethnic superiority and to repress others, Vasconcelos attempts to refute these theories and goes on to recognize his words as being an ideological effort to improve the cultural morale of a "depressed race" by offering his optimistic theory of the future development of a cosmic race. As he explains in his literary work, armies of people would then go forth around the world professing their knowledge. Vasconcelos continues to say that the people of the Iberian regions of the Americas (that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
