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Checkerboarding (land)
Checkerboarding refers to a situation where land ownership is intermingled between two or more owners, resulting in a checkerboard pattern. Checkerboarding is prevalent in the Western United States and Western Canada because of extensive use in railroad grants for western expansion, although it had its beginnings in the canal land grant era. Railroad grants Checkerboarding in the West occurred as a result of railroad land grants where railroads would be granted every other section along a rail corridor. These grants, which typically extended from either side of the track, were a subsidy to the railroads. Unlike per-mile subsidies which encouraged fast but shoddy track-laying, land grants encouraged higher quality work, since the railroads could increase the value of the land by building better track. The government also benefited from the increased value of the remaining public parcels. Railroad land grants split the land surrounding the area where train tracks were to be laid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dawes Act
The Dawes Act of 1887 (also known as the General Allotment Act or the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887) regulated land rights on tribal territories within the United States. Named after Senator Henry L. Dawes of Massachusetts, it authorized the President of the United States to subdivide Native American tribal communal landholdings into allotments for Native American heads of families and individuals. This would convert traditional systems of land tenure into a government-imposed system of private property by forcing Native Americans to "assume a capitalist and proprietary relationship with property" that did not previously exist in their cultures. The act allowed tribes the option to sell the lands that remained after allotment to the federal government. Before private property could be dispensed, the government had to determine "which Indians were eligible" for allotments, which propelled an "official search for a federal definition of Indian-ness." Although the act was passed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palm Springs, California
Palm Springs (Cahuilla: ''Séc-he'') is a desert resort city in Riverside County, California, United States, within the Colorado Desert's Coachella Valley. The city covers approximately , making it the largest city in Riverside County by land area. With multiple plots in checkerboard pattern, more than 10% of the city is part of the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians reservation land and is the administrative capital of the most populated reservation in California. The population of Palm Springs was 44,575 as of the 2020 census, but because Palm Springs is a retirement location and a winter snowbird destination, the city's population triples between November and March. The city is noted for its mid-century modern architecture, design elements, arts and cultural scene, and recreational activities. History Founding Pre-colonial history The first humans to settle in the area were the Cahuilla people, who arrived 2,000 years ago.Baker, Christopher P. (200 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agua Caliente Band Of Cahuilla Indians
The Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians of the Agua Caliente Indian Reservation is a federally recognized tribe of the Cahuilla, located in Riverside County, California, United States.California Indians and Their Reservations. ''San Diego State University Library and Information Access.'' 2009. Retrieved Nov 1, 2012. They inhabited the desert and surrounding mountains between 5000 BCE and 500 CE. With the establishment of the reservations, the Cahuilla were officially divided into 10 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Golden Checkerboard
''Golden Checkerboard'' (1965) is a book by Ed Ainsworth.Edward Maddin Ainsworth worked for 35 years as a columnist, feature writer and editor for the ''Los Angeles Times''. Other books by him include ''Pot Luck'' (1940), ''Eagles Fly West'' (1946), ''California Jubilee'' (1948), ''Bill Magee's Western Barbecue Cookbook'' (1949), ''Death Cues the Pageant'' (1954) New York, Arcadia House , ''Painters of the Desert'' (1961), ''Beckoning Desert'' (1962) Prentice-Hall , ''The Cowboy in Art'' (1968) New York, World Publishing . Its subject matter concerns the mid-20th century economic conditions of the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians of Palm Springs, California and the history of the 99-year lease law, which enabled them to commercially develop tribal-owned lands. It focuses on Indio Superior Court Judge Hilton McCabe, who is described as "The Little White Father of the Indians of Palm Springs", and recalls the steps taken by McCabe to set up conservatorships and leases that wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Historical Indian Reservations In The United States
This is a list of historical Indian reservations in the United States. These Indian and Half-breed Reservations and Reserves were either disestablished or revoked. Few still exist as a considerably smaller remnant, or have been merged with other Indian Reservations, or recognised by state governments (such as Oklahoma Tribal Statistical Area also known as OTSA) but not by the US federal government. __NOTOC__ Historical American Indian reservations A * Amaknak Island Reserve (Alaska)—revoked by Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act * Arikarees, Gros Ventre and Mandan Indian Reservation (North Dakota/Montana)—smaller remnant exists as part of Fort Berthold Indian Reservation (North Dakota) * Ashkum Indian Reservation (Indiana)—disestablished * Au Foin River Indian Reserves (Michigan)—disestablished * Au Sable River Indian Reserve (Michigan)—former 8,000 acre Reserve of the Saginaw Chippewa Tribal Nation; disestablished * Aubbeenaubbee Indian Reservation (Indiana)—dis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diminishment
Diminishment is the legal process by which the United States Congress can reduce the size of an Indian reservation. History In 1984, the United States Supreme Court held in ''Solem v. Bartlett'', 465 U.S. 463 (1984), that "only Congress may diminish the boundaries of an Indian reservation, and its intent to do so must be clear."''Nebraska v. Parker''No. 14–1406 577 U.S. ____ (2016). This was noted in the Court's 2016 case ''Nebraska v. Parker'', 577 U.S. ___ (2016), in which the Court held that an 1882 Act passed by Congress did not diminish the Omaha Reservation. The ''Solem'' case established a "diminishment doctrine" that U.S. courts could use when evaluating whether diminishment had taken place. In the 1994 case '' Hagen v. Utah'', 510 U.S. 399 (1994), the Supreme Court held that Congress's 1902 Act had diminished the Uintah Reservation. The Court applied its doctrine established in the ''Solem'' case. See also * Dawes Act * Curtis Act * Checkerboarding (land) * Dimin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gerrymandering
In representative democracies, gerrymandering (, originally ) is the political manipulation of electoral district boundaries with the intent to create undue advantage for a party, group, or socioeconomic class within the constituency. The manipulation may involve "cracking" (diluting the voting power of the opposing party's supporters across many districts) or "packing" (concentrating the opposing party's voting power in one district to reduce their voting power in other districts). Gerrymandering can also be used to protect incumbents. Wayne Dawkins describes it as politicians picking their voters instead of voters picking their politicians. The term ''gerrymandering'' is named after American politician Elbridge Gerry, Vice President of the United States at the time of his death, who, as governor of Massachusetts in 1812, signed a bill that created a partisan district in the Boston area that was compared to the shape of a mythological salamander. The term has negative conn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dominion Land Survey
The Dominion Land Survey (DLS; french: links=no, arpentage des terres fédérales, ATF) is the method used to divide most of Western Canada into one-square-mile (2.6 km2) sections for agricultural and other purposes. It is based on the layout of the Public Land Survey System used in the United States, but has several differences. The DLS is the dominant survey method in the Prairie provinces, and it is also used in British Columbia along the Railway Belt (near the main line of the Canadian Pacific Railway), and in the Peace River Block in the northeast of the province. (Although British Columbia entered Confederation with control over its own lands, unlike the Northwest Territories and the Prairie provinces, British Columbia transferred these lands to the federal Government as a condition of the building of the Canadian Pacific Railway. The federal government then surveyed these areas under the DLS.) [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
California
California is a state in the Western United States, located along the Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the most populous U.S. state and the 3rd largest by area. It is also the most populated subnational entity in North America and the 34th most populous in the world. The Greater Los Angeles area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation's second and fifth most populous urban regions respectively, with the former having more than 18.7million residents and the latter having over 9.6million. Sacramento is the state's capital, while Los Angeles is the most populous city in the state and the second most populous city in the country. San Francisco is the second most densely populated major city in the country. Los Angeles County is the country's most populous, while San Bernardino County is the largest county by area in the country. California borders Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the ea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Forest (United States)
In the United States, national forest is a classification of protected and managed federal lands. National forests are largely forest and woodland areas owned collectively by the American people through the federal government, and managed by the United States Forest Service, a division of the United States Department of Agriculture. The U.S. Forest Service is also a forestry research organization who provides financial assistance to state and local forestry industry. As of 2020, there are 154 national forests in the United States. History The National Forest System (NFS) was created by the Land Revision Act of 1891, which was enacted during the presidency of Benjamin Harrison. This act took land to form national parks in the West, including 15 reserves containing more than 13 million acres of land. At first one would be called a Forest Reserve; a later one would be termed a National Forest. It was the result of concerted action by Los Angeles-area businessmen and proper ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inholding
An inholding is privately owned land inside the boundary of a national park, national forest, state park, or similar publicly owned, protected area. In-holdings result from private ownership of lands predating the designation of the park or forest area, or the expansion of the park area to encompass the privately owned property. In the United States, the main causes of inholdings is that all of the Federal land-management agencies were formed over a century after the government sold and issued land grants to private citizens to fund the administration of the United States. When the park system was formed, many of these now-called "inholdings" had been in private ownership for generations and not available for sale when the park was formed. Over the last several decades, conservation groups have lobbied the United States Congress to acquire private residences especially within designated wilderness areas, either by direct purchase or via land exchange which trades the inh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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