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Chaupai (poetry)
A chaupai is a quatrain verse of Indian poetry, especially medieval Hindi poetry, that uses a metre of four syllables. Famous chaupais include those of poet-saint Tulsidas (used in his classical text '' Ramcharitamanas'' and poem ''Hanuman Chalisa'') . Chaupai is identified by a syllable count 16/16, counted with a value of 1 in case of Hrasva (short sounding letter) and 2 in case of Dirgha (long sounding letter). Examples Some of the famous 40 ''chaupais'' (known as "chalisa"); *Hanuman Chalisa * Ganesh Chalisa * Shiv Chalisa See also *Chhand (poetry) *Chaupai (Sikhism) Kaviyo Bach Benti Chaupai (also referred to as Chaupai Sahib or simply as Benti Chaupai) (Gurmukhi: ਕਬਿਯੋਬਾਚ ਬੇਨਤੀ ਚੌਪਈ or ਚੌਪਈ ਸਾਹਿਬ) is a hymn by Guru Gobind Singh. Chaupai is the 405th ''Ch ... Indian poetics Stanzaic form Poetic rhythm {{India-lit-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quatrain
A quatrain is a type of stanza, or a complete poem, consisting of four Line (poetry), lines. Existing in a variety of forms, the quatrain appears in poems from the poetic traditions of various ancient civilizations including Persia, Ancient India, Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, and Classical Chinese poetry forms, China, and continues into the 21st century, where it is seen in works published in many languages. This form of poetry has been continually popular in Iran since the medieval period, as Ruba'is form; an important faction of the vast repertoire of Persian language, Persian poetry, with famous poets such as Omar Khayyam and Mahsati Ganjavi of Seljuk Persia writing poetry only in this format. Michel de Nostredame (Nostradamus) used the quatrain form to deliver his famous "Les Propheties, prophecies" in the 16th century. There are fifteen possible rhyme schemes, but the most traditional and common are Chain rhyme, ABAA, Monorhyme, AAAA, Rhyme scheme, ABAB, and Enclosed rhym ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hindi Poetry
Hindi literature () includes literature in the various Central Indo-Aryan languages, also known as Hindi, some of which have different writing systems. Earliest forms of Hindi literature are attested in poetry of Apabhraṃśa such as Awadhi and Marwari . Hindi literature is composed in three broad styles- prose (), poetry (), and prosimetrum (). Inspired by Bengali literature, Bharatendu Harishchandra started the modern Hindi literary practices. In terms of historical development, it is broadly classified into five prominent forms (genres) based on the date of production. They are: * Ādi Kāl /Vīr-Gāthā Kāl (), prior to & including 14th century CE * Bhakti Kāl (), 14th–18th century CE * Rīti Kāl /Śṛṅgār Kāl (रीति काल/ शृंगार काल), 18th–20th century CE * Ādhunik Kāl (), from 1850 CE onwards * Navyottar Kāl (), from 1980 CE onwards The literature was produced in languages and dialects such as Khariboli, Braj, Bunde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mātrika Metre
''Mātrika'' metre is a quantitative system of poetic metre in Indo-Aryan languages. ''Mātrika'' metre's are based on units of prosodic time (''mātrā)'' rather than groups of syllabes, ''vārnika'' metres. The unit of measurement is the '' mātrā,'' or beat, from which it takes its name. A short vowel or a pause is counted as one ''mātrā'', and long vowels, diphthongs, or a short vowel followed by a consonant cluster counts as two ''mātrās''. In recitation, however, long vowels may be pronounced as short, or short as long, in order to fit the words into the desired metre. For this reason, the ''mātrā'' count does not always correspond exactly to the written vowel arrangement. Different ''mātrika'' metres have different rules determining caesurae; most require a specific pattern of rhyme. The most popular of these metres in Hindi are the '' chaupāī'' (sixteen ''mātrās''), the ''chaupaī'' (fifteen ''mātrās''), and the '' dohā'' (thirteen ''mātrās'' in the first an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tulsidas
Rambola Dubey (; 11 August 1511 – 30 July 1623pp. 23–34.), popularly known as Goswami Tulsidas (), was a Vaishnavism, Vaishnava (Ramanandi Sampradaya, Ramanandi) Hinduism, Hindu saint and poet, renowned for his devotion to the deity Rama. He wrote several popular works in Sanskrit, Awadhi language, Awadhi, and Braj Bhasha, but is best known as the author of the ''Hanuman Chalisa'' and of the epic ''Ramcharitmanas'', a retelling of the Sanskrit ''Ramayana'', based on Rama's life, in the vernacular Awadhi language. Tulsidas spent most of his life in the cities of Banaras (modern Varanasi) and Ayodhya. The Tulsi Ghat on the Ganges in Varanasi is named after him. He founded the Sankat Mochan Hanuman Temple in Varanasi, believed to stand at the place where he had the sight of Hanuman, the deity. Tulsidas started the Ramlila plays, a folk-theatre adaptation of the ''Ramayana''.: ... this book ... is also a drama, because Goswami Tulasidasa started his ''Ram Lila'' on the basis of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ramcharitamanas
''Ramcharitmanas'' ( deva, रामचरितमानस, rāmacaritamānasa), is an epic poem in the Awadhi language, composed by the 16th-century Indian bhakti poet Tulsidas (c. 1511–1623). It has many inspirations, the primary being the ''Ramayana'' of Valmiki. This work is also called, in popular parlance, ''Tulsi Ramayana'', ''Tulsikrit Ramayana'', ''Tulsidas Ramayana'' or simply '' Manas''. The word ''Ramcharitmanas'' literally means "Lake of the deeds of Rama". It is considered one of the greatest works of Hindu literature. The work has variously been acclaimed as "the living sum of Indian culture", "the tallest tree in the magic garden of medieval Indian poetry", "the greatest book of all devotional literature" and "the best and most trustworthy guide to the popular living faith of the Indian people".Lutgendorf 1991, p. 1. Tulsidas was a great scholar of Sanskrit, but due to limited accessibility of the language, he chose to write it in the vernacular, Awadhi, maki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hanuman Chalisa
The ''Hanuman Chalisa'' (Hindi: हनुमान चालीसा) (Sanskrit: हनुमान् चालीसा) (; '' Forty chaupais on Hanuman'') is a Hindu devotional hymn ('' stotra'') in praise of Hanuman, and popularly recited by millions of Hindus every day.Rambhadradas 1984pp. 1–8. Karan Singh, in Nityanand Misra 2015, p. xvi. It is an Awadhi language text attributed to Tulsidas, and is his best known text apart from the '' Ramcharitmanas''. The word 'chālīsā' is derived from 'chālīs' meaning the number 'forty' in Hindi, denoting the number of verses in the ''Hanuman Chalisa'' (excluding the couplets at the beginning and the end). Hanuman is a Hindu deity and a devotee of the Hindu god, Rama. He is one of the central characters of the ''Ramayana''. According to the Shaiva tradition, he is also an incarnation of Shiva. The ''Hanuman Chalisa'' praises the power and other qualities of Hanuman including his strength, courage, wisdom, celibacy (brahmacharya ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ganesh Chalisa
The Ganesha Chalisa () is a Hindu devotional hymn (''stotra'') addressed to the deity Ganesha. It consists of forty '' chaupais'' (quatrain verses in Indian poetry). It is written in the Awadhi language. The Ganesha Chalisa's author is Ram Sunder Prabhu Das, which is mentioned in hymn, but Tulsidas, a well-known poet, and saint who lived in the 16th century CE, is also commonly thought to have written it. Each of the forty verses of the ''Ganesha Chalisa'' conveys one particular form of blessing and, depending on the ''bhava'' or ''shraddha Shraddha may refer to: In religion * Śrāddha, a Hindu ritual performed for one's deceased ancestors * Śraddhā, the Sanskrit term used to refer to faith in Buddhism In Buddhism, faith (, ) refers to a serene commitment to the prac ...'' (faith and devotion) of the devotee, how the fruits of the particular verse are attained. References External links {{wikisource, Ganesh Chalisa, English translation of Ganesh Chalisa Hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shiv Chalisa
The ''Shiva Chalisa'' (Hindi: शिव चालीसा, literally Forty on Shiva) is a Hindi ''stotra'' dedicated to Hindu deity Shiva. Adapted from the ''Shiva Purana'', it consists of 40 (chalis) (verses) and recited daily or on special festivals like ''Maha Shivaratri'' by Shaiva Shaivism (, , ) is one of the major Hindu traditions, which worships Shiva as the supreme being. It is the second-largest Hindu sect after Vaishnavism, constituting about 385 million Hindus, found widely across South Asia (predominantly in ...s, the worshippers of Shiva. Hymn The ''Shiva Chalisas first stanza extols the attributes of Shiva: See also * '' Hanuman Chalisa'', Hindu devotional hymn Further reading * ''Sri Shiv Chalisa (Dicritical)', by Manoj Pub. Ed. Board. Manoj Publications, 2009. . References {{Shaivism Indian literature Hindi-language literature Shaiva texts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chhand (poetry)
''Chhand'' (, , ) is a quatrain used in the poetry, poetic traditions of North India and Pakistan. Chhands in culture In the culture of the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent, it is customary for ''chhands'' to be recited at ceremonial occasions such as weddings, where they are used by grooms to praise their in-laws. Formerly, the form was extensively employed by court bards to praise royal personages. ''Chhands'' are also used extensively in the ''Nautanki'' dance-drama tradition of the region, especially in the ''alha chhand'' or ''bir chhand'' formats. A typical Punjabi wedding ''chhand'' might extol the mother- and father-in-law, for instance this one, which says the groom holds them in the same esteem as his own parents - A Rajasthani language ''chhand'', from the poem ''Haldighati'' by Kanhaiyalal Sethia, describes Maharana Pratap's determination to fight on against the Mughal Empire, Mughals at all costs - Chhands in religion Jaap Sahib is the morning prayer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chaupai (Sikhism)
Kaviyo Bach Benti Chaupai (also referred to as Chaupai Sahib or simply as Benti Chaupai) (Gurmukhi: ਕਬਿਯੋਬਾਚ ਬੇਨਤੀ ਚੌਪਈ or ਚੌਪਈ ਸਾਹਿਬ) is a hymn by Guru Gobind Singh. Chaupai is the 405th ''Charitar'' of the Charitropakhyan composition contained within the Dasam Granth. It forms part of a Sikh's Nitnem (daily scripture reading) and is read during Amrit Sanchar ceremonies. Synopsis Chaupai Sahib is an extension of the 405th charitar, where two massive battles, including the latter between "Mahakal" and various demons, is narrated, as well as the struggle of the goddess that was born as a result of the first battle, and her quest for the acceptance of the Supreme Being, by her abandoning all other worldly desires, is illustrated. Structure Benti Chaupai consists of three parts: Kabiyo Bach Benti Chaupai, Arril, Chaupai, Savaiye, and Dohra. Kabiyo Bach Benti Chaupai is normally referred to as Chaupai in short. The Savai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indian Poetics
Indian or Indians may refer to: Associated with India * of or related to India ** Indian people ** Indian diaspora ** Languages of India ** Indian English, a dialect of the English language ** Indian cuisine Associated with indigenous peoples of the Americas * Indigenous peoples of the Americas ** First Nations in Canada ** Native Americans in the United States ** Indigenous peoples of the Caribbean ** Indigenous languages of the Americas Places * Indian, West Virginia, U.S. * The Indians, an archipelago of islets in the British Virgin Islands Arts and entertainment Film * ''Indian'' (film series), a Tamil-language film series ** ''Indian'' (1996 film) * ''Indian'' (2001 film), a Hindi-language film Music * Indians (musician), Danish singer Søren Løkke Juul * "The Indian", an unreleased song by Basshunter * "Indian" (song), by Sturm und Drang, 2007 * "Indians" (song), by Anthrax, 1987 * Indians, a song by Gojira from the 2003 album '' The Link'' Other uses ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stanzaic Form
In poetry, a stanza (; from Italian ''stanza'', ; ) is a group of lines within a poem, usually set off from others by a blank line or indentation. Stanzas can have regular rhyme and metrical schemes, but they are not required to have either. There are many different forms of stanzas. Some stanzaic forms are simple, such as four-line quatrains. Other forms are more complex, such as the Spenserian stanza. Fixed verse poems, such as sestinas, can be defined by the number and form of their stanzas. The stanza has also been known by terms such as ''batch'', ''fit'', and ''stave''. The term ''stanza'' has a similar meaning to '' strophe'', though ''strophe'' sometimes refers to an irregular set of lines, as opposed to regular, rhymed stanzas. Even though the term "stanza" is taken from Italian, in the Italian language the word "strofa" is more commonly used. In music, groups of lines are typically referred to as '' verses''. The stanza in poetry is analogous with the paragr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
