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Certified Public Accountant
Certified Public Accountant (CPA) is the title of qualified accountants in numerous countries in the English-speaking world. It is generally equivalent to the title of chartered accountant in other English-speaking countries. In the United States, the CPA is a license to provide accounting services to the public. It is awarded by each of the 50 states for practice in that state. Additionally, all states except Hawaii have passed mobility laws to allow CPAs from other states to practice in their state. State licensing requirements vary, but the minimum standard requirements include passing the Uniform Certified Public Accountant Examination, 150 semester units of college education, and one year of accounting-related experience. Continuing professional education (CPE) is also required to maintain licensure. Individuals who have been awarded the CPA but have lapsed in the fulfillment of the required CPE or who have requested conversion to inactive status are in many states permitte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qualified Accountants
An accountant is a practitioner of accounting or accountancy. Accountants who have demonstrated competency through their professional associations' certification exams are certified to use titles such as Chartered Accountant, Chartered Certified Accountant or Certified Public Accountant, or Registered Public Accountant. Such professionals are granted certain responsibilities by statute, such as the ability to certify an organization's financial statements, and may be held liable for professional misconduct. Non-qualified accountants may be employed by a qualified accountant, or may work independently without statutory privileges and obligations. Cahan & Sun (2015) used archival study to find out that accountants' personal characteristics may exert a very significant impact during the audit process and further influence audit fees and audit quality. Practitioners have been portrayed in popular culture by the stereotype of the humorless, introspective bean-counter. It has been sug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry Marshall (New York Politician)
Henry Marshall (January 25, 1847 – September 24, 1938) was an American lawyer and politician from New York. Life He was born on January 25, 1847, in Washington County, New York, the son of Robert Marshall and Margaret (Law) Marshall. He attended the common schools and Cambridge Washington Academy. Then he entered politics, was a civil justice, and wrote editorials for the '' Seneca Falls Courier'', and the '' Saratoga Daily Journal''. He graduated from Albany Law School in 1882, was admitted to the bar, and practiced in New York City, but resided in Brooklyn. Marshall was a member of the New York State Assembly (Kings Co., 17th D.) in 1896, 1897 and 1898. He was a member of the New York State Senate (8th D.) from 1899 to 1904, sitting in the 122nd, 123rd, 124th, 125th, 126th and 127th New York State Legislature The 127th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 6 to April 15, 1904, during th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enrolled Agent
In the United States of America, an Enrolled Agent (EA) is a tax advisor, specifically a federally authorized tax practitioner who, after passing a 3-part Special Enrollment Examination, has been licensed and empowered by the Internal Revenue Service, a division of the United States Department of the Treasury. Enrolled Agents, acting as attorneys-in-fact, may represent taxpayers before the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) for any and all tax matters. This is in addition to providing traditional tax preparation, filing, and transmittal services. Enrolled Agent status is the highest credential awarded by the IRS. According to the National Association of Enrolled Agents, there are approximately 87,000 practicing EAs in the United States. An active Enrolled Agent listing can be obtained from the IRS website. The agency updates this list twice a year, usually in the months of March and September. History The position of Enrolled Agent was created as a reaction to fraudulent war loss ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthur Andersen
Arthur Andersen LLP was an American accounting firm based in Chicago that provided auditing, tax advising, consulting and other professional services to large corporations. By 2001, it had become one of the world's largest multinational corporations and was one of the "Big Five" accounting firms (along with Deloitte, Ernst & Young, KPMG and PricewaterhouseCoopers). The firm collapsed by mid-2002, as details of its questionable accounting practices for energy company Enron and telecommunications company WorldCom were revealed amid the two high-profile bankruptcies. The scandals were a factor in the enactment of the Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002. History Founding Born on May 30, 1885, in Plano, Illinois, and orphaned at the age of 16, Arthur E. Andersen began working as a mail boy by day and attended school at night, eventually being hired as the assistant to the comptroller of Allis-Chalmers in Chicago. In 1908, after attending courses at night while working f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enron Scandal
The Enron scandal was an accounting scandal sparked by American energy company Enron, Enron Corporation filing for bankruptcy after news of widespread internal fraud became public in October 2001, which led to the dissolution of its accounting firm, Arthur Andersen, previously one of the Big Four auditors, five largest in the world. The Bankruptcy in the United States#Largest bankruptcies, largest bankruptcy reorganization in U.S. history at that time, Enron was cited as the biggest audit failure. Enron was formed in 1985 by Kenneth Lay after merging Houston Natural Gas and InterNorth. Several years later, when Jeffrey Skilling was hired, Lay developed a staff of executives that – by the use of accounting loopholes, the misuse of mark-to-market accounting, special purpose entity, special purpose entities, and poor financial reporting – were able to hide billions of dollars in debt from failed deals and projects. Chief Financial Officer Andrew Fastow and other executives misl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
Publicly traded companies typically are subject to rigorous standards. Small and midsized businesses often follow more simplified standards, plus any specific disclosures required by their specific lenders and shareholders. Some firms operate on the cash method of accounting which can often be simple and straightforward. Larger firms most often operate on an accrual basis. Accrual basis is one of the fundamental accounting assumptions, and if it is followed by the company while preparing the financial statements, then no further disclosure is required. Accounting standards prescribe in considerable detail what accruals must be made, how the financial statements are to be presented, and what additional disclosures are required. The term ''generally accepted accounting principles'' (GAAP) was popularized in the late 1930s. Some important elements that accounting standards cover include identifying the exact entity which is reporting, discussing any "going concern" questions, specif ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Financial Audit
A financial audit is conducted to provide an opinion whether "financial statements" (the information is verified to the extent of reasonable assurance granted) are stated in accordance with specified criteria. Normally, the criteria are international accounting standards, although auditors may conduct audits of financial statements prepared using the cash basis or some other basis of accounting appropriate for the organization. In providing an opinion whether financial statements are fairly stated in accordance with accounting standards, the auditor gathers evidence to determine whether the statements contain material errors or other misstatements.Arens, Elder, Beasley; Auditing and Assurance Services; 14th Edition; Prentice Hall; 2012 Overview The audit opinion is intended to provide reasonable assurance, but not absolute assurance, that the financial statements are presented fairly, in all material respects, and/or give a true and fair view in accordance with the financial rep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Assurance Services
Assurance service is an independent professional service, typically provided by Chartered or Certified Public Accountants or Chartered Certified Accountants, with the goal of improving information or the context of information so that decision makers can make more informed, and presumably better, decisions. Assurance services provide independent and professional opinions that reduce information risk (risk from incorrect information). Definition and distinction from other services The technical definition of assurance requires five components set out in the International Framework for Assurance Engagements: # A three-party relationship – the responsible party who prepares the information to be assured; the independent practitioner who assures the information; and the users who are expected to rely on the information. In the case of an audit, the responsible party is the management of the company, the practitioner is the audit firm and the users are primarily the shareholders ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hong Kong Institute Of Certified Public Accountants
The Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants (HKICPA, ) is the professional accounting body of Hong Kong. It is overseen by the Accounting and Financial Reporting Council. Responsibilities *Registering accountants and issuing practising certificates. *Regulating the professional conduct and standards of members. *Setting codes of ethics and standards of accounting and auditing. *Regulating the quality of entry to the profession through its qualification programme and related courses. *Providing continuing education and other services to members. *Promoting the accountancy profession both in Hong Kong and overseas. Recognition with other institutions Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) Prior to 2002, Hong Kong accountants were allowed to obtain full memberships from both Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) and HKICPA under a joint examination scheme between the two institutions. A mutual recognition agreement was then announced be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chartered Professional Accountant
Chartered Professional Accountant (CPA; ) is the professional certification, professional designation which united the three Canadian accounting designations that previously existed: :* Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants, Chartered Accountant (Chartered accountant, CA), :* Certified General Accountants Association of Canada, Certified General Accountant (Certified general accountant, CGA) :* Certified Management Accountants of Canada, Certified Management Accountant (Certified Management Accountant, CMA). CPA Canada is the national organization that represents the profession, and the CPA designation has been in use by members of all constituent accounting bodies in the provinces, territories and Bermuda since 2014. The legislative process for implementing the new designation began in Quebec in May 2012, and was completed in the Northwest Territories and Nunavut in January 2019. CPA Competency Map The CPA Competency Map lays the foundation for the CPA certification pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Certified Public Accountants Association
The Certified Public Accountants Association (CPAA) (formerly Association of Certified Public Accountants and CPA UK) was formed in 1989 to represent the interests of certain accountants in the United Kingdom. The association's National Administration Centre and Head Office is in Bolton, England.Contact details on official website Qualification CPAA offers the designations of (ACPA or FCPA). The American CPA Institute is the main accounting qualification in the ; there are also many CPAs in China, Australia, and elsewh ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Waldo Haskins
Charles Waldo Haskins (January 11, 1852 – January 9, 1903) was an American accountant, and co-founder of the accounting firm Haskins and Sells, a predecessor to Deloitte. Biography Charles Waldo Haskins was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1852, "into a leading American family (including uncle Ralph Waldo Emerson)". Haskins was educated at the Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute, now called the NYU Tandon School of Engineering, where he earned a degree in civil engineering, and subsequently completed his studies in Paris. His wife, Henrietta Havemeyer, whom he married in 1885, was from a family even wealthier than his own - the Havemeyer family of New York. Her uncle was three times Mayor of New York, and her grandfather controlled the American Sugar Refining Company ("Domino"). Descended from John Howland, a signer of the Mayflower Compact, Haskins was a New York Member of the Sons of Liberty and other local societies along with the local branch of the (President) Adams family ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
