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Capital Punishment In India
Capital punishment in India is the highest legal penalty for crimes under the country's main substantive penal legislation, the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (formerly Indian Penal Code), as well as other laws. Executions are carried out by hanging as the primary method of execution per Section 354(5) of the Criminal Code of Procedure, 1973 is "Hanging by the neck until dead", and is imposed only in the 'rarest of cases'. Currently, there are around 539 prisoners on death row in India. The most recent executions in India took place in March 2020, when four of the 2012 Delhi gang rape and murder perpetrators were executed at the Tihar Jail in Delhi. History In the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC), 1898 death was the default punishment for murder and required the concerned judges to give reasons in their judgment if they wanted to give life imprisonment instead. By an amendment to the CrPC in 1955, the requirement of written reasons for not imposing the death penalty was removed, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gang Rape
In scholarly literature and criminology, gang rape, also called serial gang rape, party rape, group rape, or multiple perpetrator rape,Ullman, S. E. (2013). 11 Multiple perpetrator rape victimization. Handbook on the Study of Multiple Perpetrator Rape: A Multidisciplinary Response to an International Problem, Miranda A.H Horvath, Jessica Woodhams (Editors), 4, Chapter 11; is the rape of a single victim by two or more violators.Neumann, Stephani. Gang Rape: Examining Peer Support and Alcohol in Fraternities. Sex Crimes and Paraphilia. Hickey, Eric W., 397-407 Gang rapes are forged on shared identity, religion, ethnic group, or race. There are multiple motives for serial gang rapes, such as for sexual entitlement, asserting sexual prowess, war, punishment, and, in up to 30% of cases, for targeting racial minorities, religious minorities, or ethnic groups. Gang rapes can be part of genocidal rape or ethnic cleansing campaigns. Gang rape in literature Hebrew Bible The He ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
High Courts Of India
The high courts of India are the highest courts of appellate jurisdiction in each state and union territory of India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since .... However, a high court exercises its original civil and criminal jurisdiction only if the subordinate courts are not authorized by law to try such matters for lack of peculiar or territorial jurisdiction. High courts may also enjoy original jurisdiction in certain matters, if so designated, especially by the constitution, a state law or union law. The work of most high courts primarily consists of appeals from lower courts and writ petitions in terms of Articles 226 and 227 of the Constitution. Writ jurisdiction is also the original jurisdiction of a high court. Each state is divided into judicial districts p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geneva Convention
upright=1.15, The original document in single pages, 1864 The Geneva Conventions are international humanitarian laws consisting of four treaties and three additional protocols that establish international legal standards for humanitarian treatment in war. The singular term ''Geneva Convention'' colloquially denotes the agreements of 1949, negotiated in the aftermath of the Second World War (1939–1945), which updated the terms of the two 1929 treaties and added two new conventions. The Geneva Conventions extensively define the basic rights of wartime prisoners, civilians and military personnel; establish protections for the wounded and sick; and provide protections for the civilians in and around a war-zone. The Geneva Conventions define the rights and protections afforded to those non-combatants who fulfill the criteria of being '' protected persons''. The treaties of 1949 were ratified, in their entirety or with reservations, by 196 countries. The Geneva Convention ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sati (practice)
Sati or suttee is a practice, a chiefly historical one, Quote: Between 1943 and 1987, some thirty women in Rajasthan (twenty-eight, according to official statistics) immolated themselves on their husband's funeral pyre. This figure probably falls short of the actual number. (p. 182) in which a Hindu widow burns alive on her deceased husband's funeral pyre, the death by burning entered into voluntarily, by coercion, or by a perception of the lack of satisfactory options for continuing to live. Although it is debated whether it received scriptural mention in early Hinduism, it has been linked to related Hindu practices in the Indo-Aryan-speaking regions of India, which have diminished the rights of women, especially those to the inheritance of property. A cold form of sati, or the neglect and casting out of Hindu widows, has been prevalent from ancient times. Quote: Sati is a particularly relevant social practice because it is often used as a means to prevent inheritance of pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sati (Prevention) Act, 1987
Sati (Prevention) Act, 1987 is a law enacted by Government of Rajasthan in 1987. It became an Act of the Parliament of India with the enactment of The Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act, 1987 in 1988. The Act seeks to prevent '' sati'', the voluntary or forced burning or burying alive of a Hindu widow, and to prohibit glorification of this action through the observance of any ceremony, participation in any procession, creation of a financial trust, construction of a temple, or any actions to commemorate or honor the memory of a widow who committed ''sati''. The act was created after the sati of Roop Kanwar in 1987 and applied to all of India except for Jammu and Kashmir. The act incorporated many colonial suppositions about the practice of sati, with the first paragraph of the preamble of the Act copying the opening lines of Lord William Bentinck’s Bengal Sati Regulation, or Regulation XVII of December 4, 1829 verbatim. References The Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bombay Prohibition (Gujarat Amendment) Act, 2009
The Bombay Prohibition (Gujarat Amendment) Act, 2009 is an Act of Gujarat Legislative Assembly which prohibits manufacture, selling, buying or distributing of ''Laththa'' (spurious liquor). The Act defines ''Laththa'' as spurious liquor, which contains methanol or any other poisonous substances which may cause harmful or injurious effects to the human body or death of a person. The Act also makes it a punishable offence for the person involved in construction or working in any distillery or brewery making ''laththa''. The Act has a provision for death sentence or life imprisonment for those found guilty of manufacturing and selling spurious liquor in cases where those who consumed the spurious liquor have died. Vehicles seized in which the liquor is transported are auctioned and the proceeds deposited in the state government treasury. See also * 2009 Gujarat alcohol poisonings *Laththa Commission The Laththa Commission was a Commission of Inquiry appointed by the Government o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Army Act, 1950
The Army Act, 1950 is an Indian act of parliament governing military law in the Indian Armed Forces. The Army Act was passed by the Parliament on 22 May 1950 and came into effect on 22 July 1950. The Army Act, 1950 The Army Act, 1950 is the primary law governing the discipline, conduct, and service conditions of the Indian Army. It provides the legal framework for maintaining order and discipline among army personnel and defines their rights, duties, and liabilities. Key Features of the Army Act, 1950: 1. Applicability: Applies to all ranks of the Indian Army, including officers, junior commissioned officers (JCOs), and other ranks. Also applies to certain civilians working with the Army in specific conditions. 2. Disciplinary Provisions: Defines offenses like disobedience, desertion, mutiny, and insubordination. Provides for court-martial procedures to handle offenses. Lays down punishments, including dismissal, imprisonment, and even the death penalty in extreme cases ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dacoity
Dacoity is a term used for " banditry" in the Indian subcontinent. The spelling is the anglicised version of the Hindi word डाकू (ḍākū); "dacoit" is a colloquial Indian English word with the meaning "a robber belonging to an armed gang". It appears in the ''Glossary of Colloquial Anglo-Indian Words and Phrases'' (1903). Banditry is a criminal activity involving robbery by groups of armed bandits. The East India Company established the Thuggee and Dacoity Department in 1830, and the Thuggee and Dacoity Suppression Acts, 1836–1848 were enacted in British India under East India Company rule. Areas with ravines or forests, such as Chambal and Chilapata Forests, were once known for dacoits. Etymology The word "dacoity" is an anglicized version of the Hindi word ''ḍakaitī'' (historically transliterated ''dakaitee''). Hindi डकैती comes from ''ḍākū'' (historically transliterated ''dakoo'', Hindi: डाकू, meaning "armed robber"). The ter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Felony Murder
The rule of felony murder is a legal doctrine in some common law jurisdictions that broadens the crime of murder: when someone is killed (regardless of intent to kill) in the commission of a dangerous or enumerated crime (called a felony in some jurisdictions), the offender, and also the offender's accomplices or co-conspirators, may be found guilty of murder. The concept of felony murder originates in the rule of transferred intent. In its original form, the malicious intent inherent in the commission of any crime, however trivial, was considered to apply to any consequences of that crime regardless of intent. History While there is debate about the original scope of the rule, modern interpretations typically require that the offence be an inherently dangerous one, or one committed in an obviously dangerous manner. For this reason, the felony murder rule is often justified by its supporters as a means of deterring dangerous felonies. According to some commentators, the comm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treason
Treason is the crime of attacking a state (polity), state authority to which one owes allegiance. This typically includes acts such as participating in a war against one's native country, attempting to Coup d'état, overthrow its government, spying on its military, its diplomats, its officials, or its secret services for a hostile foreign power, or Regicide, attempting to kill its head of state. A person who commits treason is known in law as a traitor. Historically, in common law countries, treason also covered the murder of specific social superiors, such as the murder of a husband by his wife or that of a master by his servant. Treason (i.e., disloyalty) against one's monarch was known as ''high treason'' and treason against a lesser superior was ''petty treason''. As jurisdictions around the world abolished petty treason, "treason" came to refer to what was historically known as high treason. At times, the term ''traitor'' has been used as a political epithet, regardless of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Terrorism
Terrorism, in its broadest sense, is the use of violence against non-combatants to achieve political or ideological aims. The term is used in this regard primarily to refer to intentional violence during peacetime or in the context of war against non-combatants. There are various different definitions of terrorism, with no universal agreement about it. Different definitions of terrorism emphasize its randomness, its aim to instill fear, and its broader impact beyond its immediate victims. Modern terrorism, evolving from earlier iterations, employs various tactics to pursue political goals, often leveraging fear as a strategic tool to influence decision makers. By targeting densely populated public areas such as transportation hubs, airports, shopping centers, tourist attractions, and nightlife venues, terrorists aim to instill widespread insecurity, prompting Public policy, policy changes through Manipulation (psychology), psychological manipulation and undermining confidence ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
