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Cacos (military Group)
In Haitian history, Cacos were bodies of armed men, originally drawn from the country's Free Black Noble population, who came to wield power in the mountainous regions of Haiti following the victory of the Haitian Revolution in 1804. The nickname "cacos" was derived from local terms for the red-plumed Hispaniolan trogon because the insurgents "used to hide, like the bird of the same name, under the leaves so as to come unexpectedly upon and attack their enemy." Resistance to the U.S. occupation, 1915–1934 The United States invaded Haiti—ostensibly to restore order in the wake of the assassination of Haiti's president Vilbrun Guillaume Sam—on 28 July 1915, to install their political puppets, prevent Haiti's rapid rise and maintained a force of Marines to occupy the island until 1934. While U.S. forces were able to pacify the cities quite quickly, the Cacos maintained a rebellion in the mountainous areas to the north. Despite lack of local support, near Cap-Haïtien, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Haiti
The recorded history of Haiti began in 1492, when the European captain and explorer Christopher Columbus landed on a large island in the region of the western Atlantic Ocean that later came to be known as the Caribbean. The western portion of the island of Hispaniola, where Haiti is situated, was inhabited by the Taíno people, Taíno and Arawak peoples, Arawakan people, who called their island ''Ayiti.'' The island was promptly claimed for the Spanish Empire, Spanish Crown, where it was named ''La Isla Española'' ("the Spanish Island"), later Latinisation of names, Latinized to ''Hispaniola''. By the early 17th century, the French had built a settlement on the west of Hispaniola and called it Saint-Domingue. Prior to the Seven Years' War (1756–1763), the economy of Saint-Domingue gradually expanded, with sugar and, later, coffee becoming important export crops. After the war which had disrupted maritime commerce, the colony underwent rapid expansion. In 1767, it exported indigo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rosalvo Bobo
Dr. Pierre François Joseph Benoit Rosalvo Bobo (1874–1929), known as Rosalvo Bobo, was a Haitian politician, and a leader of the rebel faction called the Cacos (military group), Cacos. In March of 1915, he started and led a rebellion against the government of President of Haiti, President Vilbrun Guillaume Sam. As the rebellion was gaining momentum, Sam ordered the arrest and murder of his political opponents, but was himself killed by a mob in retaliation on 27 July 1915. This led to a breakdown of order and widespread violence in the capital of Port-au-Prince. In response, United States Marine Corps, U.S. Marines landed at Port-au-Prince on 28 July 1915, beginning the United States occupation of Haiti. U.S. Admiral William Banks Caperton commanded U.S. troops occupying Haiti after the assassination of President Sam. Under orders from Washington, D.C., he sought to find a suitable candidate to assume the presidency. Two names emerged, Bobo and Philippe Sudré Dartiguenave. Af ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secessionist Organizations
Secession is the formal withdrawal of a group from a political entity. The process begins once a group proclaims an act of secession (such as a declaration of independence). A secession attempt might be violent or peaceful, but the goal is the creation of a new state or entity independent of the group or territory from which it seceded. Threats of secession can be a strategy for achieving more limited goals.Allen Buchanan"Secession" Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2007. There is some academic debate about this definition, and in particular how it relates to separatism. Secession theory There is no consensus on the definition of political secession despite many political theories on the subject. According to the 2017 book ''Secession and Security,'' by political scientist Ahsan Butt, states respond violently to secessionist movements if the potential state poses a greater threat than the would-be secessionist movement. States perceive a future war with a potential new state ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paramilitary Organizations Based In Haiti
A paramilitary is a military that is not a part of a country's official or legitimate armed forces. The Oxford English Dictionary traces the use of the term "paramilitary" as far back as 1934. Overview Though a paramilitary is, by definition, not a military, it is usually equivalent to a light infantry or special forces in terms of strength, firepower, and organizational structure. Paramilitaries use combat-capable kit/equipment (such as internal security/SWAT vehicles), or even actual military equipment (such as long guns and armored personnel carriers; usually military surplus resources), skills (such as battlefield medicine and bomb disposal), and tactics (such as urban warfare and close-quarters combat) that are compatible with their purpose, often combining them with skills from other relevant fields such as law enforcement, coast guard, or search and rescue. A paramilitary may fall under the command of a military, train alongside them, or have permission to use their ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military History Of Haiti
The origins of the military history of Haiti lie in the country's revolution. A decade of warfare produced a military cadre from which Haiti's early leaders emerged. Defeat of the French demonstrated Haiti's considerable strategic stamina and tactical capabilities. The armed forces, who had been united against the French, fragmented into warring regional factions. The military very soon took control of almost every aspect of Haitian life. Officers assumed responsibility for the administration of justice and for municipal management. According to a Haitian diplomat, the country was in its earlier days "an immense military camp." Without viable civilian institutions, Haiti was vulnerable to military personalities, who permanently shaped the nation's authoritarian, personalist, and coercive style of governance. Early 20th century During the latter half of the nineteenth century, the army either failed to protect the central government or directly caused the government's collapse. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benoît Batraville
Benoît Batraville, nicknamed "Ti-Benwa" (1877 – 1920), was a Haitian teacher and resistance fighter against the American occupation, executed by the US Marines. Biography Benoît Batraville was born in Mirebalais in 1877. He was a descendant of Joseph Benoît Batraville, comrade-in-arms of Jean-Jacques Dessalines. Benoît Batraville would become a nationalist opponent of the American occupation. Unlike Charlemagne Peralte, his superior, Benoît Batraville came from a modest family. However, through his family ties with the "Peraltes", he had access to the highest circles of the ruling elite. After general studies, he became a schoolteacher. Haitian historian Roger Gaillard attributes these characteristics to him: "of average height and musculature, reddish complexion, straight hair, brown and peaceful eyes, always correct in dress and behavior. He does not frequent the betting parlors, nor the gaming rooms, nor the drinking establishments". A practicing vodouisant, like other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charlemagne Péralte
Charlemagne Masséna Péralte (; 10 October 18861 November 1919) was a Haitian nationalist leader who opposed the United States occupation of Haiti in 1915. Leading guerrilla fighters called the Cacos, he posed such a challenge to the US forces in Haiti that the occupying forces had to upgrade their presence in the country; he was eventually killed by American troops. Where he was symbolically crucified, Péralte remains a highly praised hero in Haiti. Early life Péralte was born on 10 October 1886 in the city of Hinche. His father was General Remi Massena Peralte. His sister was the second wife of President of Haiti Oreste Zamor. Guerrilla resistance An officer by career, Charlemagne Péralte was the military chief of the city of Léogâne when the US Marines invaded Haiti in July 1915. Refusing to surrender to foreign troops without fighting, Péralte resigned from his position and returned to his native town of Hinche to take care of his family's land. In 1917, he was a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Puppet Ruler
A puppet ruler is someone who holds a title of political authority, but is loyal to or controlled by outside persons or groups. When a foreign government wields such outside control, the puppet ruler's territory is referred to as a puppet state. Internal factors, such as non-elected officials, may also exert power over the puppet monarch. A figurehead monarch, as a source of legitimacy and perhaps divine reign, has been the used form of government in numerous circumstances and places throughout history. There are two basic forms of puppet monarchs: a figurehead monarch who is a puppet of another person or a group in the country who rules instead of the nominal ruler; and a puppet government under a foreign power. Examples of the first type are the Emperors who were the puppets of the shōguns of Japan and the kings who were the puppets of the Mayor of Palace in the Frankish kingdom. Client kingdoms under the Roman Republic and Roman Empire and the British Empire's colonial r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philippe Sudré Dartiguenave
Philippe Sudre Dartiguenave (; 6 April 1863 – 26 July 1926) was a Haitians, Haitian political figure. He served as president of Haiti from 12 August 1915 to 15 May 1922, during the United States occupation of Haiti, U.S. military occupation that had begun on 27 July 1915. U.S. Admiral William B. Caperton was the commander of the American occupation troops in Haiti after the assassination of President Vilbrun Guillaume Sam, Jean Vilbrun Guillaume Sam. Civil order in Haiti had completely broken down and Caperton was ordered by Washington DC to find a suitable candidate for the presidency. Two names emerged, Rosalvo Bobo, who was the leader of an ongoing rebellion against the Guillaume Sam government, and Dartiguenave, then president of the Haitian Senate. After interviewing both men Caperton formed the opinion that Bobo was mentally unstable and unfit for any office. He informed Washington of this and was told by assistant secretary of the Navy, Franklin D Roosevelt that "the ele ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Fort Rivière
The Battle of Fort Rivière was the decisive battle of the First Caco War during United States occupation of Haiti in 1915. A combined force of United States Marines Corps, United States Marines and United States Navy, sailors personnel defeated Cacos (military group), Cacos rebels at Fort Rivière, ending the First Caco War. Background In 1915, United States forces landed in Haiti during a period of political instability. Cacos (military group), Cacos insurgents, quasi-military mountain tribes who served as mercenaries for the highest bidder, routinely attacked political targets, as well as ordinary Haitians, to sustain themselves. By October, United States Marines had trapped the Cacos in the mountains of northeastern Haiti, and moved in to eradicate them. On 25 October, Marines from the 15th Company, 2nd Marine Regiment, under the command of Major Smedley Butler, had dealt the Cacos a significant blow at the Battle of Fort Dipitié, and shortly thereafter took its parent Fort ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Free In Haiti
Free may refer to: Concept * Freedom, the ability to act or change without constraint or restriction * Emancipate, attaining civil and political rights or equality * Free (''gratis''), free of charge * Gratis versus libre, the difference between the two common meanings of the adjective "free". Computing * Free (programming), a function that releases dynamically allocated memory for reuse * Free software, software usable and distributable with few restrictions and no payment *, an emoji in the Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement block. Mathematics * Free object ** Free abelian group ** Free algebra ** Free group ** Free module ** Free semigroup * Free variable People * Free (surname) * Free (rapper) (born 1968), or Free Marie, American rapper and media personality * Free, a pseudonym for the activist and writer Abbie Hoffman * Free (active 2003–), American musician in the band FreeSol Arts and media Film and television * ''Free'' (film), a 2001 American dramedy * ''Fre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
