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CURL
cURL (pronounced like "curl", ) is a free and open source computer program for transferring data to and from Internet servers. It can download a URL from a web server over HTTP, and supports a variety of other network protocols, URI schemes, multiple versions of HTTP, and proxying. The project consists of both a library (libcurl) and command-line tool (curl), which have been widely ported to different computing platforms. It was created by Daniel Stenberg, who is still the lead developer of the project. History The software was first released in 1996, originally named ''httpget'' and then became ''urlget'', before adopting the current name of curl. The name stands for "Client for URL". The original author and lead developer is the Swedish developer Daniel Stenberg, who created curl to power part of an IRC bot, because he wanted to automatically provide currency exchange rates, fetched from a website, to users in an IRC chat room. Components libcurl libcurl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Daniel Stenberg
Magnus Daniel Stenberg is a Swedish developer and recipient of the 2017 Polhem Prize (for a high-level technological innovation or an ingenious solution to a technical problem) for his work on the cURL utility. Stenberg was born and raised in Huddinge, a suburb south of Sweden's capital Stockholm. He created the utility which, after various name and license changes, became known as cURL which is available under the cURL License (based on the MIT License.) From 2013 to 2018, he worked for Mozilla. In February 2019, Stenberg joined wolfSSL to offer commercial support for cURL and to work on cURL as full-time as possible. He is active in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), a member of the working groups for the HTTP/2 and QUIC network protocols, and contributed to several technical Requests for Comments (RFCs). In April 2023, he became a member of the Polhemsrådet, the Polhem Prize's committee. See also * curl cURL (pronounced like "curl", ) is a free and open ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Command-line Tool
A console application or command-line program is a computer program (applications or utilities) designed to be used via a text-only user interface. A console application can be used with a computer terminal, a system console, or a terminal emulator included with a graphical user interface (GUI) operating system, such as the Windows Console in Microsoft Windows, the Terminal in macOS, and xterm in the X Window System on Unix-like systems. Console applications can be run from a command-line shell. Overview A user typically interacts with a console application using only a keyboard and display screen, as opposed to GUI applications, which normally require the use of a mouse or other pointing device. Many console applications such as command line interpreters are command line tools, but numerous text-based user interface (TUI) programs also exist. As the speed and ease-of-use of GUIs applications have improved over time, the use of console applications has greatly diminished ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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HTTP PUT
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is an application layer protocol in the Internet protocol suite model for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems. HTTP is the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web, where hypertext documents include hyperlinks to other resources that the user can easily access, for example by a mouse click or by tapping the screen in a web browser. Development of HTTP was initiated by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN in 1989 and summarized in a simple document describing the behavior of a client and a server using the first HTTP version, named 0.9. That version was subsequently developed, eventually becoming the public 1.0. Development of early HTTP Requests for Comments (RFCs) started a few years later in a coordinated effort by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), with work later moving to the IETF. HTTP/1 was finalized and fully documented (as version 1.0) in 1996. It evolved (a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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HTTP POST
In computing, POST is a request method supported by HTTP used by the World Wide Web. By design, the POST request method requests that a web server accepts the data enclosed in the body of the request message, most likely for storing it. It is often used when uploading a file or when submitting a completed web form. In contrast, the HTTP GET request method retrieves information from the server. As part of a GET request, some data can be passed within the URL's query string, specifying (for example) search terms, date ranges, or other information that defines the query. As part of a POST request, an arbitrary amount of data of any type can be sent to the server in the body of the request message. A fields header field in the POST request usually indicates the message body's Internet media type. Posting data The world wide Web and HTTP are based on a number of request methods or 'verbs', including POST and GET as well as PUT, DELETE, and several others. Web browsers normally us ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Cookie (web)
HTTP cookie (also called web cookie, Internet cookie, browser cookie, or simply cookie) is a small block of data created by a web server while a user is browsing a website and placed on the user's computer or other device by the user's web browser. Cookies are placed on the device used to access a website, and more than one cookie may be placed on a user's device during a session. Cookies serve useful and sometimes essential functions on the web. They enable web servers to store stateful information (such as items added in the shopping cart in an online store) on the user's device or to track the user's browsing activity (including clicking particular buttons, logging in, or recording which pages were visited in the past). They can also be used to save information that the user previously entered into form fields, such as names, addresses, passwords, and payment card numbers for subsequent use. Authentication cookies are commonly used by web servers to authenticate that a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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HTTP/3
HTTP/3 is the third major version of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol used to exchange information on the World Wide Web, complementing the widely deployed HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/2. Unlike previous versions which relied on the well-established TCP (published in 1974), HTTP/3 uses QUIC (officially introduced in 2021), a multiplexed transport protocol built on UDP. HTTP/3 uses similar semantics compared to earlier revisions of the protocol, including the same request methods, status codes, and message fields, but encodes them and maintains session state differently. However, partially due to the protocol's adoption of QUIC, HTTP/3 has lower latency and loads more quickly in real-world usage when compared with previous versions: in some cases over four times as fast than with HTTP/1.1 (which, for many websites, is the only HTTP version deployed). As of September 2024, HTTP/3 is supported by more than 95% of major web browsers in use and 34% of the top 10 million websites. It has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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HTTP/2
HTTP/2 (originally named HTTP/2.0) is a major revision of the HTTP network protocol used by the World Wide Web. It was derived from the earlier experimental SPDY protocol, originally developed by Google. HTTP/2 was developed by the HTTP Working Group (also called httpbis, where "" means "twice") of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). HTTP/2 is the first new version of HTTP since HTTP/1.1, which was standardized in in 1997. The Working Group presented HTTP/2 to the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG) for consideration as a Proposed Standard in December 2014, and IESG approved it to publish as Proposed Standard on February 17, 2015 (and was updated in February 2020 in regard to TLS 1.3 and again in June 2022). The initial HTTP/2 specification was published as on May 14, 2015. The standardization effort was supported by Chrome, Opera, Firefox, Internet Explorer 11, Safari, Amazon Silk, and Edge browsers. Most major browsers had added HTTP/2 support by the end of 201 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Gopher (protocol)
The Gopher protocol () is a communication protocol designed for distributing, searching, and retrieving documents in Internet Protocol networks. The design of the Gopher protocol and user interface is menu-driven, and presented an alternative to the World Wide Web in its early stages, but ultimately fell into disfavor, yielding to Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). The Gopher ecosystem is often regarded as the effective predecessor of the World Wide Web. Usage The Gopher protocol was invented by a team led by Mark P. McCahill at the University of Minnesota. It offers some features not natively supported by the Web and imposes a much stronger hierarchy on the documents it stores. Its text menu interface is well-suited to computing environments that rely heavily on remote text-oriented computer terminals, which were still common at the time of its creation in 1991, and the simplicity of its protocol facilitated a wide variety of client implementations. File:Gopher in Firefox ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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FTPS
FTPS (also known as FTP-SSL and FTP Secure) is an extension to the commonly used File Transfer Protocol (FTP) that adds support for the Transport Layer Security (TLS) and, formerly, the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL, which is now prohibited by RFC7568) cryptographic protocols. FTPS should not be confused with the SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP), a secure file transfer subsystem for the Secure Shell (SSH) protocol with which it is not compatible. It is also different from FTP over SSH, which is the practice of tunneling FTP through an SSH connection. Background The File Transfer Protocol was drafted in 1971 for use with the scientific and research network, ARPANET. Access to the ARPANET during this time was limited to a small number of military sites and universities and a narrow community of users who could operate without data security and privacy requirements within the protocol. As the ARPANET gave way to the NSFNET and then Internet, the Internet, a broader population potenti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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DICT
DICT is a dictionary network protocol created by the DICT Development Group in 1997, described by RFC 2229. Its goal is to surpass the Webster protocol to allow clients to access a variety of dictionaries via a uniform interface. In section 3.2 of the DICT protocol RFC, queries and definitions are sent in clear-text, meaning that there is no encryption. Nevertheless, according to section 3.1 of the RFC, various forms of authentication (sans encryption) are supported, including Kerberos version 4. The protocol consists of a few commands a server must recognize so a client can access the available data and lookup word definitions. DICT servers and clients use TCP port 2628 by default. Queries are captured in the following URL scheme:dict://;@:/:::: Resources for free dictionaries from DICT protocol servers A repository of source files for the DICT Development group's dict protocol server (with a few sample dictionaries) is available online. Dictionaries of English * Bouvier' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Library (computing)
In computing, a library is a collection of System resource, resources that can be leveraged during software development to implement a computer program. Commonly, a library consists of executable code such as compiled function (computer science), functions and Class (computer programming), classes, or a library can be a collection of source code. A resource library may contain data such as images and Text string, text. A library can be used by multiple, independent consumers (programs and other libraries). This differs from resources defined in a program which can usually only be used by that program. When a consumer uses a library resource, it gains the value of the library without having to implement it itself. Libraries encourage software reuse in a Modular programming, modular fashion. Libraries can use other libraries resulting in a hierarchy of libraries in a program. When writing code that uses a library, a programmer only needs to know how to use it not its internal d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Chat Room
The term chat room, or chatroom (and sometimes group chat; abbreviated as GC), is primarily used to describe any form of synchronous conferencing, occasionally even asynchronous conferencing. The term can thus mean any technology, ranging from real-time online chat and online interaction with strangers (e.g., online forums) to fully immersive graphical social environments. The primary use of a chat room is to share information via text with a group of other users. Generally speaking, the ability to converse with multiple people in the same conversation differentiates chat rooms from instant messaging programs, which are more typically designed for one-to-one communication. The users in a particular chat room are generally connected via a shared internet or other similar connection, and chat rooms exist catering for a wide range of subjects. New technology has enabled the use of file sharing and webcams. History The first chat system was used by the U.S. government in 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |