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Bunga Mas
The bunga emas dan perak ( "golden and silver flowers", ), often abbreviated to bunga mas ( Jawi: "golden flowers"), was a form of tribute sent every three years to the king of Ayutthaya ( Siam) from its vassal states in the Malay Peninsula, in particular, Terengganu, Kelantan, Kedah, Pattani, Nong Chik, Yala, Rangae,Cyril Skinner (1983). ''A Malay Mission to Bangkok during the reign of Rama II'', Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society/ref> Kubang Pasu Darul Qiyam, Kubang Pasu and Setul. The tribute consisted of two small trees made of gold and silver, along with costly gifts of weapons, goods and slaves.Leonard Y. Andaya, Barbara Watson Andaya (1984). ''A History of Malaysia'', pp.65-68/ref> According to a Kedahan source, the first time a bunga mas was sent, it was sent as a toy for a new-born Siamese prince who was the grandson of Sultan of Kedah himself since his kin, a princess was married to the Siamese king. The rulers of Kedah in the 17th-c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bunga Mas To Siam, Muzium Negara
Bunga may refer to * Bunga, Uttarakhand, a hill station in the state of Uttarakhand, India * Bunga bunga, an erotic entertainment * Bunga mas, a tribute sent to the king of Siam by vassal states in the Malay Peninsula * Bunga River, northeastern Nigeria * ''Bunga bangkai'', a common name in Indonesia for ''Amorphophallus titanum'', the so-called "carrion flower" * ''Bunga raya'', the Malay name for ''Hibiscus rosa-sinensis'', the national flower of Malaysia * Bunga, or Botija, a Caribbean musical instrument of the aerophone type * Bunga, a character from the ''Lion King'' spin-off ''The Lion Guard'' * ''Bunga'', an ethnic slur used in New Zealand for a pacific islander See also *Banga (other) *Bukit Bunga (other) Bukit Bunga ('Flower Hill' in Indonesian and Malay) may refer to: *Bukit Bunga, village in Tanah Merah District, Kelantan, Malaysia. *Bukit Bunga (state constituency), state constituency in Kelantan, Malaysia. See also *Bukit Bunga–Ban Buketa Bri ...< ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Setul Mambang Segara
Setul, officially the Kingdom of Setul Mambang Segara (; Jawi: ; ; ) was a Malay kingdom founded in the northern coast of the Malay Peninsula. The state was established in 1808 in the wake of the partition between the rulers of the royal house of Kedah. The partition witnessed the territory being seceded to the cadet branch of the royal family. The sovereignty of the kingdom effectively ended in 1916, following the dissolution by the Siamese government. Its borders were largely inherited to its successive province, the present-day Satun, Thailand. Etymology Setul derives its name from ''Buah Setul'', a local name for the cottonfruit tree native to the area, while its honorific title—''Mambang Segara''—is a Malay variant of the Sea Deity, potentially tied from ancient Malay mysticism due to its location off the western seaboard of the Malay Peninsula. An interpretation of ''Mambang Segara'' can also be seen on its present-day provincial seal. The state was also colloq ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lower Burma
Lower Myanmar (, also called Lower Burma) is a geographic region of Myanmar and includes the low-lying Irrawaddy Delta ( Ayeyarwady, Bago and Yangon Regions), as well as coastal regions of the country ( Rakhine and Mon States and Tanintharyi Region). In the Burmese language, people originating from Upper Myanmar are typically called ''a-nya-tha'' for men and ''a-nya-thu'' for women, whereas those from Lower Myanmar are called ''auk tha'' () for men and ''auk thu'' for women. 100px Green represents Upper Myanmar and Yellow represents Lower Myanmar History The territories of present day Lower Myanmar was part of Pagan Kingdom until the end of 13th century. After the collapse of Pagan Kingdom, the territories become Martaban Hanthawaddy Kingdom founded by King Wareru. From the 16th century to the middle of 18th century, Pagu was a province of Toungoo Dynasty. In 1752, Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom successfully overthrown Toungoo Dynasty but later conquered by Konbaung D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malay Kingdoms
Malay may refer to: Languages * Malay language or Bahasa Melayu, a major Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore ** History of the Malay language, the Malay language from the 4th to the 14th century ** Indonesian language, the official form of the Malay language in Indonesia ** Malaysian Malay, the official form of the Malay language in Malaysia * Malayic languages, a group of closely related languages in the Malay Archipelago * Malay dialects and varieties, distribution of dialects and varieties of the Malay language spread mainly in Southeast Asia * Malay trade and creole languages, a set of pidgin languages throughout the Sumatra, Malay Peninsula and the entire Malay archipelago * Brunei Malay, a variety of the Malay language spoken in Brunei, distinct from standard Malay * Kedah Malay, a variety of the Malay languages spoken in Malaysia and Thailand * Sri Lanka Malay language, spoken by the Malay race minority in Sri Lanka * Kelantan–Pattan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Patani
History is the systematic study of the past, focusing primarily on the human past. As an academic discipline, it analyses and interprets evidence to construct narratives about what happened and explain why it happened. Some theorists categorize history as a social science, while others see it as part of the humanities or consider it a hybrid discipline. Similar debates surround the purpose of history—for example, whether its main aim is theoretical, to uncover the truth, or practical, to learn lessons from the past. In a more general sense, the term ''history'' refers not to an academic field but to the past itself, times in the past, or to individual texts about the past. Historical research relies on primary and secondary sources to reconstruct past events and validate interpretations. Source criticism is used to evaluate these sources, assessing their authenticity, content, and reliability. Historians strive to integrate the perspectives of several sources to develop a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malaysia–Thailand Relations
Malaysia–Thailand relations refer to bilateralism, bilateral diplomacy, foreign relations between the two neighbouring countries, Malaysia and Thailand. Thailand has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur, and Consul (representative), consulate-general offices in George Town, Penang, George Town and Kota Bharu. Malaysia maintains an embassy in Bangkok and a consulate-general in Songkhla. During Mahathir Mohamad's Second premiership of Mahathir Mohamad, second term as the Prime Minister of Malaysia from 2018 to 2020, he made four visits to Thailand. Malaysia and Thailand usually co-operate in areas such as trade and investment, security and defence, education and vocational training, youth and sports, tourism, connectivity and socio-economic development in border areas. Due to the ethnically-Thai Malays, Malay Pattani separatists in South Thailand insurgency, three southern provinces of Thailand, previously there have been blatant claims by certain politicians in Thailand that some parties ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tây Sơn Dynasty
The Tây Sơn dynasty (; , (chữ Hán: 朝西山; Chữ Nôm: 茹西山), officially Đại Việt (Chữ Hán: 大越), was an imperial dynasty of Vietnam. It originated in a revolt led by three peasant brothers with the surname Nguyễn, rebelling against the Lê dynasty, Trịnh lords and Nguyễn lords (no relation). The Tây Sơn would later be succeeded by the Nguyễn dynasty.Kim, p. 359. The Tây Sơn dynasty ended the century-long war between the Trịnh and Nguyễn families, overthrew the Lê dynasty, and united the country for the first time in 200 years. They acknowledged Qing suzerainty and gained recognition from the Qianlong Emperor as the legitimate rulers of Vietnam. Under the most prominent of the Tây Sơn brothers Nguyễn Huệ Vietnam experienced several years of relative peace and prosperity. But Quang Trung died relatively young at the age of 40 and his successor Cảnh Thịnh, aged 9, was unable to prevent civil conflict among the Tây Sơn court ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vietnam
Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fifteenth-most populous country. One of two communist states in Southeast Asia, Vietnam shares land borders with China to the north, and Laos and Cambodia to the west. It shares Maritime boundary, maritime borders with Thailand through the Gulf of Thailand, and the Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia through the South China Sea. Its capital is Hanoi and its largest city is Ho Chi Minh City. Vietnam was inhabited by the Paleolithic age, with states established in the first millennium BC on the Red River Delta in modern-day northern Vietnam. Before the Han dynasty's invasion, Vietnam was marked by a vibrant mix of religion, culture, and social norms. The Han dynasty annexed Northern and Central Vietnam, which were subs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nguyễn Lords
The Nguyễn lords (, 主阮; 1558–1777, 1780–1802), also known as the Nguyễn clan (; ), were Nguyễn dynasty's forerunner and a feudal noble clan ruling southern Đại Việt in the Revival Lê dynasty. The Nguyễn lords were members of the House of Nguyễn Phúc. The territory they ruled was known contemporarily as Đàng Trong (Inner Realm) and known by Europeans as the Kingdom of Cochinchina and as Kingdom of Quảng Nam (; ) by Imperial China, in opposition to the Trịnh lords ruling northern Đại Việt as Đàng Ngoài (Outer Realm), known as the "Kingdom of Tonkin" by Europeans and "Kingdom of Annam" (; ) by Imperial China in bilateral diplomacy. They were officially entitled, in Sino-Vietnamese, the ' () in 1744 when lord Nguyễn Phúc Khoát self-proclaimed himself to elevate his status equally to Trịnh lords's title known as the ' (; ). Both Nguyễn and Trịnh clans were ''de jure'' subordinates and fief of the Lê dynasty. However, the ''d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nguyễn Ánh
Gia Long (Chữ Hán, Chữ hán: 嘉隆) ( (''Hanoi, North''), (''Ho Chi Minh City, South''); 8 February 1762 – 3 February 1820), born Nguyễn Phúc Ánh (阮福暎) or Nguyễn Ánh (阮暎), was the founding emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty, the last List of Vietnamese dynasties, dynasty of Vietnam, which would rule the unified territories that constitute modern-day Vietnam until 1945. A nephew of the last Nguyễn lords, Nguyễn lord who ruled over Đàng Trong, south Vietnam, Nguyễn Ánh was forced into hiding in 1777 as a 15-year-old when his family was slain in the Tây Sơn Tây Sơn wars, revolt. After several changes of fortune in which his loyalists regained and again lost Saigon, he befriended the French Catholic Church, Catholic Bishop Pierre Pigneau de Behaine. Pigneau championed Nguyễn Ánh's cause to regain the throne to the French government and managed to recruit volunteer; however, that soon fell through. From 1789, Nguyễn Ánh was once again in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anglo-Siamese Treaty Of 1909
The Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909 or Bangkok Treaty of 1909 was a treaty between the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of Siam signed on 10 March 1909, in Bangkok. Ratifications were exchanged in London on 9 July 1909, and the treaty established the modern Malaysia–Thailand border. The area around modern Pattani, Narathiwat, southernmost Songkhla, Satun, and Yala remained under Thai control, where decades later the South Thailand insurgency would erupt. Thailand relinquished its claims to sovereignty over Kedah (), Kelantan (, ), Perlis (, ) and Terengganu (, ) which entered the British sphere of influence as protectorates. These four states, along with Johor, later became known as the Unfederated Malay States. Background The Kingdom of Siam was controlled by the monarch. Although there were many previous monarchs, those most responsible for maintaining Siam's independence begins with Rama I (r. 1782–1809). Unlike previous rulers, Rama I was a technocratic ruler who ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monarchies Of Malaysia
The monarchies of Malaysia exist in each of the nine Malay states under the constitutional monarchy system as practised in Malaysia. The political system of Malaysia is based on the Westminster parliamentary system in combination with features of a federation. Nine of the states of Malaysia are constitutionally headed by traditional Malay rulers, collectively referred to as the Malay states. State constitutions limit eligibility for the thrones to male Malay Muslims of royal descent. Seven are hereditary monarchies based on agnatic primogeniture: Kedah, Kelantan, Johor, Perlis, Pahang, Selangor and Terengganu. In Perak, the throne rotates among three branches of the royal family loosely based on agnatic seniority. One state, Negeri Sembilan, is an elective monarchy; the ruler is elected from male members of the royal family by hereditary chiefs. All rulers, except those of Perlis and of Negeri Sembilan, use the title of ''Sultan''. The ruler of Perlis is styled the ''Raja'', w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
