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Bridge Restaurant
A bridge restaurant or restaurant bridge is a restaurant, usually indoors, built like a bridge over a road, mostly over freeways or motorways. It usually provides access from both sides of the road without the need of crossing the road by tunnel or footbridge. The construction also attracts the attention of motorists, making it easy to find the rest area. Motorways United States The first bridge restaurant was built in 1957, over Interstate 44 in Oklahoma, I-44 (Will Rogers Turnpike) at the Vinita, Oklahoma, rest area. It is currently a McDonald's, Subway (restaurant), Subway fast-food restaurant, and a Kum & Go gas station and was the world's largest until the opening of a larger location in Moscow, Russia. With the construction of the Illinois Tollway in 1958, five more bridge restaurants were built as Illinois Tollway oasis, Illinois Tollway Oases, opening in 1959. Italy The concept was introduced to Europe in 1959 by the Italian architect Angelo Bianchetti, who built the fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bridge
A bridge is a structure built to Span (engineering), span a physical obstacle (such as a body of water, valley, road, or railway) without blocking the path underneath. It is constructed for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle, which is usually something that is otherwise difficult or impossible to cross. There are many different designs of bridges, each serving a particular purpose and applicable to different situations. Designs of bridges vary depending on factors such as the function of the bridge, the nature of the terrain where the bridge is constructed and anchored, the material used to make it, and the funds available to build it. The earliest bridges were likely made with fallen trees and stepping stones. The Neolithic people built boardwalk bridges across marshland. The Arkadiko Bridge, dating from the 13th century BC, in the Peloponnese is one of the oldest arch bridges in existence and use. Etymology The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' traces the origin of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Novara
Novara (; Novarese Lombard, Novarese: ) is the capital city of the province of Novara in the Piedmont (Italy), Piedmont region in northwest Italy, to the west of Milan. With 101,916 inhabitants (on 1 January 2021), it is the second most populous city in Piedmont after Turin. It is an important crossroads for commercial traffic along the routes from Milan to Turin and from Genoa to Switzerland. Novara lies between the streams Agogna and Terdoppio in northeastern Piedmont, from Milan and from Turin. It is only distant from the river Ticino, which marks the border with Lombardy region. History Novara was founded around 89 BC by the Ancient Rome, Romans, when the local Gauls obtained Roman citizenship. Its name is formed from ''Nov'', meaning "new", and ''Aria'', the name the Cisalpine Gauls used for the surrounding region. Ancient ''Novaria'', which dates to the time of the Ligures and the Celts, was a municipium and was situated on the road from Vercellae (Vercelli) to (Mediol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Autobahn
The (; German , ) is the federal controlled-access highway system in Germany. The official term is (abbreviated ''BAB''), which translates as 'federal motorway'. The literal meaning of the word is 'Federal Auto(mobile) Track'. Much of the system has no speed limit for some classes of vehicles. However, limits are posted and enforced in areas that are urbanised, substandard, prone to collisions, or under construction. On speed-unrestricted stretches, an advisory speed limit () of applies. While driving faster is not illegal in the absence of a speed limit, it can cause an increased liability in the case of a collision (which mandatory auto insurance has to cover); courts have ruled that an "ideal driver" who is exempt from absolute liability for "inevitable" tort under the law would not exceed the advisory speed limit. A 2017 report by the Federal Road Research Institute reported that in 2015, 70.4% of the Autobahn network had only the advisory speed limit, 6.2% had temp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bundesautobahn 1
is an autobahn in Germany. It runs from Heiligenhafen in Schleswig-Holstein to Saarbrücken, a distance of , but is incomplete between Cologne and Trier. B 207 continues north from Heiligenhafen to Puttgarden, at the end of the island of Fehmarn, with a ferry to Rødby, Denmark. The part north of Hamburg is part of the '' Vogelfluglinie'' (''Migratory Birds Line'') and may be one day connected via a fixed link to Denmark (see below). The term ''Hansalinie'' ('' Hansa line'') refers to the part from Lübeck (north of Hamburg, thus overlapping the ''Vogelfluglinie'') south to the Ruhr Area (near Dortmund). Overview Schleswig-Holstein In Schleswig-Holstein, the initial section of the A1 (which belongs to the so-called Vogelfluglinie) begins at the junction Heiligenhafen East as a four-lane extension of the B 207 coming from the ferry port Puttgarden on the island of Fehmarn. On the peninsula Wagrien the A 1 briefly runs west, then south, past the East Holstein cities of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bundesautobahn 9
is an autobahn in Germany, connecting Berlin and Munich via Leipzig and Nuremberg. It is the fifth longest autobahn spanning . Route The northern terminus of the A 9 is at the Potsdam interchange, where it merges into the A 10, also known as the "''Berliner Ring''", about away from the Berlin city limits. The shortest route from there into Berlin would be the A 10 (east) and the A 115 ( AVUS). The southern end is in the Munich borough of Schwabing. On its way, the A 9 passes through the German states of Brandenburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia, and Bavaria. West of Leipzig, the border between Saxony-Anhalt and Saxony crisscrosses along the autobahn. In Bavaria, long sections of the Nuremberg–Munich high-speed railway run parallel to the autobahn. History Plans for a European motorway connection from Berlin to Rome were already developed from 1927 by a private ''MüLeiBerl'' (Munich-Leipzig-Berlin) company. However, construction of the A 9 w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inner German Border
The inner German border ( or ''deutsch–deutsche Grenze''; initially also , zonal boundary) was the frontier between the East Germany, German Democratic Republic (GDR, East Germany) and the West Germany, Federal Republic of Germany (FRG, West Germany) from 1949 to 1990. ''De jure'' not including the similar but physically separate Berlin Wall, the border was an irregular L-shaped line, long. It ran south from the Baltic Sea and then east to the border of Protection of Czechoslovak borders during the Cold War, Czechoslovakia. It was formally established by the Potsdam Agreement on 1 August 1945 as the boundary between the Allied-occupied Germany, Western and Soviet occupation zones of Germany. On the Eastern side, it was made one of the world's most heavily fortified frontiers, defined by a continuous line of high metal fences and walls, barbed wire, alarms, anti-vehicle ditches, watchtowers, automatic booby traps and minefields. It was patrolled by 50,000 armed GDR borde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
M1 Motorway
The M1 motorway connects London to Leeds, where it joins the A1(M) motorway, A1(M) near Aberford, to connect to Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle. It was the first inter-urban motorway to be completed in the UK; the first motorway in the country was the Preston Bypass, which later became part of the M6 motorway, M6. The motorway is long and was constructed in four phases. Most of the motorway was opened between 1959 and 1968. The southern end was extended in 1977 and the northern end was extended in 1999. It is also the second longest motorway in the country with the M6 motorway being the longest at 232 miles (373 km). History There had been plans before the Second World War for a motorway network in the United Kingdom. John Douglas-Scott-Montagu, 2nd Baron Montagu of Beaulieu, Lord Montagu of Beaulieu formed a company to build a 'motorway-like road' from London to Birmingham in 1923, but it was a further 26 years before the Special Roads Act 1949 was passed, which allowed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
M2 Motorway (Great Britain)
The M2 is a long motorway in Kent, England, and was built to bypass a section of the A2 road in Kent, which goes through the Medway Towns, Sittingbourne, and Faversham. It provides an alternative route to the Port of Dover, which supplements the M20 motorway located further to the south. The terminal junctions of the M2 intersect with the A2, which come together to form a long trunk road from London to Dover. Route The M2 starts west of Strood, diverging towards the southeast away from the A2 road. Between J1 and J2, the M2 is four lanes in width, and slopes down into the Medway Valley south of Rochester. J2 is located to the northwest of the left bank of the River Medway, linking the A228 road to the M2, which runs between Strood and West Malling. The junction is in a dumbbell configuration, with a short spur of the A228 providing access to the junction. The M2 drops to three lanes throughout the junction, but returns to a width of four lanes after the junction. Af ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Motorway Service Area
Motorway service areas (MSA) also known as services or service stations, are rest areas in the UK and Ireland where drivers can leave a motorway to refuel/recharge, rest, eat and drink, shop, use the toilet or stay in an on-site overnight hotel. They are also a safe refuge for drivers who break down alongside leaving at a motorway junction. The vast majority of motorway services in the UK are owned by one of three companies: Moto, Welcome Break and Roadchef. Smaller operators include Extra, Westmorland and EG Group. History United Kingdom The first two service areas in the UK, Watford Gap and Newport Pagnell, opened with temporary facilities when the M1 motorway was opened, on 2 November 1959. Initially, most service areas were designed to be bold and attractive, with many opening viewing platforms and featuring fancy restaurants. A famous example of a service area from this era is Lancaster, which features a 65ft tower which previously contained the main restaurant. H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
M6 Motorway
The M6 motorway is the longest motorway in the United Kingdom. It is located entirely within England, running for just over from the Midlands to the border with Scotland. It begins at Junction 19 of the M1 motorway, M1 and the western end of the A14 road (England), A14 at the Catthorpe Interchange, near Rugby, Warwickshire, Rugby before heading north-west. It passes Coventry, Birmingham, Wolverhampton, Stoke-on-Trent, Preston, Lancashire, Preston, Lancaster, Lancashire, Lancaster and Carlisle, Cumbria, Carlisle and runs between Manchester and Liverpool before terminating at Junction 45 near Gretna, Scotland, Gretna. Here, just short of the Scottish border it becomes the A74(M) and M74 motorways, A74(M) which continues to Glasgow as the M74. Its busiest sections are between junctions 4 and 10a in the West Midlands, and junctions 16 to 19 in Cheshire; these sections have now been converted to Active traffic management, smart motorways. It incorporated the Preston By-pass, the fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1973 Oil Crisis
In October 1973, the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) announced that it was implementing a total oil embargo against countries that had supported Israel at any point during the 1973 Yom Kippur War, which began after Egypt and Syria launched a large-scale surprise attack in an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to recover the territories that they had lost to Israel during the 1967 Six-Day War. In an effort that was led by Faisal of Saudi Arabia, the initial countries that OAPEC targeted were Canada, Japan, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States. This list was later expanded to include Estado Novo (Portugal), Portugal, Rhodesia, and South Africa. In March 1974, OAPEC lifted the embargo, but the price of oil had risen by nearly 300%: from US to nearly US globally. Prices in the United States were significantly higher than the global average. After it was implemented, the embargo caused an oil crisis, or "shock", with many short- and long ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Autogrill
Autogrill S.p.A. is an Italian multinational catering company, which was controlled with a 50.1% stake by the Edizione Holding investment vehicle of the Benetton family. Over 90% of the company's business derives from outlets in airport terminals and motorway service areas. It runs operations in 30 countries, primarily in Europe and North America, with over 300 licensed and proprietary brands. On February 6, 2023, Dufry acquired a controlling interest in the company. History Autogrill was founded in 1947 when SME, a division of Italian state-owned conglomerate Istituto per la Ricostruzione Industriale (IRI), purchased then merged Italian restaurant groups Motta, Pavesi and Alemagna. Pavesi had begun to operate a service area on the Milan-Novara motorway A4 in 1947, replacing it with a bridge-restaurant accessible by travellers in both directions fifteen years later. Having grown both domestically and through foreign acquisitions, Autogrill was privatised by the Italian Gove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
