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Bratschen
''Bratschen'' are weathering products that occur as a result of frost weathering, frost and aeolian processes, aeolian corrasion almost exclusively on the calc-schists of the Upper Slate Mantle (''Obere Schieferhülle'') in the High Tauern mountains of Austria. The term is German but is used untranslated in English sources. The calc-schist, which appears blue-gray when freshly broken, weathers to a yellow to brown colour and flakes off on the surface to form ''bratschen''. These form steep (up to 40°), rocky, almost unvegetated mountainsides with an odd and rough-textured surface, caused by wind erosion. ''Bratschen'' are found on the mountains such as the Fuscherkarkopf, the Großer Bärenkopf, the Kitzsteinhorn, the Schwerteck, or on the eponymous Bratschenkopf, Bratschenköpfen. References Sources * {{Periglacial environment Geomorphology Hohe Tauern Geology of the Alps ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Bratschenkopf
The Hinterer Bratschenkopf is a mountain in the Glockner Group on the Fusch-Kaprun ridge (''Fuscher / Kapruner Kamm'') in the High Tauern, a high mountain range in the Austrian Central Alps. According to the listed sources it is 3,412 metres high, but the Austrian Federal Office for Metrology and Survey gives its height as 3,413 metres. The mountain lies in the Austrian state of Salzburg (Bundesland), Salzburg. It appears from the north, east and south as a gently curved firn summit, but from the west it has a mighty, and 40 to 60° rock face. A steep, knife-edge ridge bears away from the mountaintop to the north. Due to its close proximity to the Heinrich Schwaiger Haus, the summit is a popular viewing point. The peak was first climbed on 18 September 1869 by the Munich Alpinist, Karl Hofmann, the Prague businessman, Johann Stüdl, and mountain guides Thomas Groder and Josef Schnell from Kals am Großglockner. Origin of the name The name "Hinterer Bratschenkopf" was given to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Großer Bärenkopf
The Große Bärenkopf ("Great Bear's Head") or Weißer Bärenkopf ("White Bear's Head") is a twin-topped mountain in the Glockner Group in the ''Fuscher/Kapruner Kamm'' of the High Tauern, a range in the Austrian Central Alps. The mountain lies exactly on the border between the states of Salzburg (state), Salzburg and Carinthia (state), Carinthia. The main summit is metres high; the west summit reaches a height of 3,353 m. The two peaks are about 300 metres away from one another. There are arêtes running away from the top in all four direction of the compass. Seen from the northeast, the Großer Bärenkopf, has the shape of a wide, prominent, firn- covered mountain. From the other directions it looks like a rocky peak. The mountain was first climbed on 18 September 1869 by Munich Alpinists Karl Hofmann (mountaineer), Karl Hofmann, Prague merchant, Johann Stüdl, and mountain guides Thomas Groder and Josef Schnell from Kals am Großglockner on their exploratory tour, that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Frost Weathering
Frost weathering is a collective term for several mechanical weathering processes induced by stresses created by the freezing of water into ice. The term serves as an umbrella term for a variety of processes, such as frost shattering, frost wedging, and cryofracturing. The process may act on a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, from minutes to years and from dislodging mineral grains to fracturing boulders. It is most pronounced in high-altitude and high-latitude areas and is especially associated with alpine, periglacial, subpolar maritime, and polar climates, but may occur anywhere at sub- freezing temperatures (between ) if water is present. Ice segregation Certain frost-susceptible soils expand or heave upon freezing as a result of water migrating via capillary action to grow ice lenses near the freezing front. This same phenomenon occurs within pore spaces of rocks. The ice accumulations grow larger as they attract liquid water from the surrounding pores. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Corrasion
Corrasion is a geomorphological Geomorphology () is the scientific study of the origin and evolution of topography, topographic and bathymetry, bathymetric features generated by physical, chemical or biological processes operating at or near Earth#Surface, Earth's surface. Ge ... term for the process of mechanical erosion of the earth's surface caused when materials are transported across it by running water, waves, glaciers, wind or gravitational movement downslope. An example is the wearing away of rock on a river or seabed by the impact or grinding action of particles moving with the water. The resultant effect on the rock is called abrasion. Corrasion is different from corrosion which is due to chemical and solvent action of water on soluble or partly soluble rocks when they come in contact. Corrasion acts in two ways: # Lateral corrasion : the sideways erosion which widens the river. # Vertical corrasion: downward erosion which deepens the river valley. Thus corrasi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Fuscherkarkopf
The Fuscherkarkopf, sometimes also written ''Fuscher-Kar-Kopf'' in German and formerly also called the ''Fuschereiskarkopf'', is one of the twin peaks of a mountain in the Glockner Group in the centre of the main mountain chain (''Mittleren Tauernhauptkamm'') in the High Tauern, a range in the Austrian Central Alps. The mountain lies right on the border between the Austrian states of Salzburg and Carinthia. The main peak is 3,331 metres high, but the northwest summit is only 3,252 metres high. The two peaks are about 500 metres apart and linked by a curved firn-covered ridge. Further sharp, prominent ridges run away to the northwest and west, forming the main crest of the Tauern. To the southwest the Heiligenblut Open Face (''Heiligenbluter Freiwand'') branches off, a mighty side ridge that starts as the southeast ridge (''Südostgrat'') at the Fuscherkarkopf. The northwest summit has a great, West Face (''Westwand''), that used to be covered with firn, but today is covered with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Aeolian Processes
Aeolian processes, also spelled eolian, pertain to wind activity in the study of geology and weather and specifically to the wind's ability to shape the surface of the Earth (or other planets). Winds may erosion, erode, transport, and deposit materials. They are effective agents in regions with sparse vegetation, a lack of soil moisture and a large supply of unconsolidated sediments. Although water is a much more powerful eroding force than wind, aeolian processes are important in arid environments such as deserts. The term is derived from the name of the Greek god Aeolus#Aeolus (son of Hippotes), Aeolus, the keeper of the winds. Definition and setting ''Aeolian processes'' are those processes of erosion, Sediment transport, transport, and Deposition (geology), deposition of sediments that are caused by wind at or near the surface of the earth. Sediment deposits produced by the action of wind and the sedimentary structures characteristic of these deposits are also described as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Schist
Schist ( ) is a medium-grained metamorphic rock generally derived from fine-grained sedimentary rock, like shale. It shows pronounced ''schistosity'' (named for the rock). This means that the rock is composed of mineral grains easily seen with a low-power hand lens, oriented in such a way that the rock is easily split into thin flakes or plates. This texture (geology), texture reflects a high content of platy minerals, such as mica, talc, chlorite group, chlorite, or graphite. These are often interleaved with more granular minerals, such as feldspar or quartz. Schist typically forms during regional metamorphism accompanying the process of mountain building (orogeny) and usually reflects a medium Metamorphism#Metamorphic grades, grade of metamorphism. Schist can form from many different kinds of rocks, including sedimentary rocks such as mudstones and igneous rocks such as tuffs. Schist metamorphosed from mudstone is particularly common and is often very rich in mica (a ''mica schis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
High Tauern
The High Tauern (plural, pl.; , ) are a mountain range on the Main chain of the Alps, main chain of the Central Eastern Alps, comprising the highest peaks east of the Brenner Pass. The crest forms the southern border of the Austrian states of Salzburg (state), Salzburg, Carinthia (state), Carinthia and East Tyrol, with a small part in the southwest belongs to the Italy, Italian province of South Tyrol. The range includes Austria's highest mountain, the Grossglockner at metres above the Adriatic, above the Adriatic. In the east, the range is adjoined by the Lower Tauern. For the etymology of the name, see Tauern. Geography According to the Alpine Club classification of the Eastern Alps, the range is bounded by the Salzach valley to the north (separating it from the Kitzbühel Alps), the Mur (river), Mur valley and the Murtörl Pass to the east (separating it from the Lower Tauern), the Drava valley to the south (separating it from the Southern Limestone Alps), and the Birnlücke P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Kitzsteinhorn
The Kitzsteinhorn is a mountain in the High Tauern range of the Central Eastern Alps in Austria. It is part of the Glockner Group and reaches a height of AA. The Kitzsteinhorn Glaciers are a popular ski area. Geography The mountain is located north of the Alpine crest within the municipal area of Kaprun, Salzburg. It was first climbed in 1828 by local mountaineer Johann Entacher. Today the summit can be easily reached using the Glacier Aerial Tramway from the valley station at , including the highest cable car pylon in the world, being tall with a diameter of . There is a restaurant and a panoramic terrace on the roof of the upper station, at above sea level. Climate change Since the first comprehensive studies of the glacier in the 1960s, some scientists have measured a reduction of glacier surface area by more than two-thirds in 2022. Ski area Skiing on Mt Kitzsteinhorn already began in the early 20th century, when the German and Austrian Alpine Club erected a mounta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Eponym
An eponym is a noun after which or for which someone or something is, or is believed to be, named. Adjectives derived from the word ''eponym'' include ''eponymous'' and ''eponymic''. Eponyms are commonly used for time periods, places, innovations, biological nomenclature, astronomical objects, works of art and media, and tribal names. Various orthographic conventions are used for eponyms. Usage of the word The term ''eponym'' functions in multiple related ways, all based on an explicit relationship between two named things. ''Eponym'' may refer to a person or, less commonly, a place or thing for which someone or something is, or is believed to be, named. ''Eponym'' may also refer to someone or something named after, or believed to be named after, a person or, less commonly, a place or thing. A person, place, or thing named after a particular person share an eponymous relationship. In this way, Elizabeth I of England is the eponym of the Elizabethan era, but the Elizabethan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Geomorphology
Geomorphology () is the scientific study of the origin and evolution of topographic and bathymetric features generated by physical, chemical or biological processes operating at or near Earth's surface. Geomorphologists seek to understand why landscapes look the way they do, to understand landform and terrain history and dynamics and to predict changes through a combination of field observations, physical experiments and numerical modeling. Geomorphologists work within disciplines such as physical geography, geology, geodesy, engineering geology, archaeology, climatology, and geotechnical engineering. This broad base of interests contributes to many research styles and interests within the field. Overview Earth's surface is modified by a combination of surface processes that shape landscapes, and geologic processes that cause tectonic uplift and subsidence, and shape the coastal geography. Surface processes comprise the action of water, wind, ice, wildfire, and lif ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
