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Branch (hieroglyph)
The ancient Egyptian Branch hieroglyph, also called a Stick, is a member of the trees and plants hieroglyphs. The branch is an Egyptian language biliteral with the value ''(kh)t'', (khet)-(ḫt); it is an ideogram-(determinative), for wood, tree, and the linear measure (=100 cubits). The hieroglyph is described as a branch without leaves. As the value (kh)t, it is often complemented in a hieroglyphic block with ''kh''–("sieve"), Aa1 and ''"t"''–( bread bun). X1 Iconographic usage Pharaonic usage Pharaoh Nectanebo II used the branch hieroglyph for his Nomen name of ''Nakhthoreb'', "Strong is His Lord, Beloved of Hathor". Pharaoh Nectanebo I's nomen was ''Nekhtnebef'', "Strong is His Lord." Old Kingdom usage Two labels are known from the Old Kingdom showing usage of the ''branch hieroglyph'', one by Pharaoh Den, one by Semerkhet. The usage on the labels shows the branch hieroglyph in a more archaic form. Rosetta Stone usage of branch--"khet" In the 198 BC, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancient Egypt
Ancient Egypt () was a cradle of civilization concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in Northeast Africa. It emerged from prehistoric Egypt around 3150BC (according to conventional Egyptian chronology), when Upper and Lower Egypt were amalgamated by Menes, who is believed by the majority of List of Egyptologists, Egyptologists to have been the same person as Narmer. The history of ancient Egypt unfolded as a series of stable kingdoms interspersed by the "Periodization of ancient Egypt, Intermediate Periods" of relative instability. These stable kingdoms existed in one of three periods: the Old Kingdom of Egypt, Old Kingdom of the Early Bronze Age; the Middle Kingdom of Egypt, Middle Kingdom of the Middle Bronze Age; or the New Kingdom of Egypt, New Kingdom of the Late Bronze Age. The pinnacle of ancient Egyptian power was achieved during the New Kingdom, which extended its rule to much of Nubia and a considerable portion of the Levant. After this period, Egypt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nubayrah Stele
The Nubayrah Stele is a mutilated copy of the Decree of Memphis (Ptolemy V) on a limestone stele. The same decree is found upon the Rosetta Stone. From 1848, it was known that a partial copy of the Decree was on a wall at the Temple of Philae, but overwritten in many places, by scenes, or damaged. The limestone stele is rounded at the top, is high, and wide.' The Nubayrah Stele is named for the present day town of Noubarya-(?) on the former Canopic branch of the Nile River; the town is southwest of Damanhur. The original ''"Nubayrah"'' was close to Damanhur. The Nubayrah Stele is located in the Egyptian Museum, no. 5576. Publication history The hieroglyph text was published, in the 1800s and early 1900s in five resources:Budge, (1989), 1929. p. 103. :# Urbain Bouriant, "La stèle 5576 du Musée du Boulaq-(now Egyptian Museum The Museum of Egyptian Antiquities, commonly known as the Egyptian Museum (, Egyptian Arabic: ) (also called the Cairo Museum), located in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Typographic Ligature
In writing and typography, a ligature occurs where two or more graphemes or letters are joined to form a single glyph. Examples are the characters and used in English and French, in which the letters and are joined for the first ligature and the letters and are joined for the second ligature. For stylistic and legibility reasons, and are often merged to create (where the tittle on the merges with the hood of the ); the same is true of and to create . The common ampersand, , developed from a ligature in which the handwritten Latin letters and (spelling , Latin for 'and') were combined. History The earliest known script Sumerian cuneiform and Egyptian hieratic both include many cases of character combinations that gradually evolve from ligatures into separately recognizable characters. Other notable ligatures, such as the Brahmic abugidas and the Germanic bind rune, figure prominently throughout ancient manuscripts. These new glyphs emerge alongside the p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greek Language
Greek (, ; , ) is an Indo-European languages, Indo-European language, constituting an independent Hellenic languages, Hellenic branch within the Indo-European language family. It is native to Greece, Cyprus, Italy (in Calabria and Salento), southern Albania, and other regions of the Balkans, Caucasus, the Black Sea coast, Asia Minor, and the Eastern Mediterranean. It has the list of languages by first written accounts, longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning at least 3,400 years of written records. Its writing system is the Greek alphabet, which has been used for approximately 2,800 years; previously, Greek was recorded in writing systems such as Linear B and the Cypriot syllabary. The Greek language holds a very important place in the history of the Western world. Beginning with the epics of Homer, ancient Greek literature includes many works of lasting importance in the European canon. Greek is also the language in which many of the foundational texts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Demotic (Egyptian)
Demotic (from ''dēmotikós'', 'popular') is the ancient Egyptian script derived from northern forms of hieratic used in the Nile Delta. The term was first used by the Greek historian Herodotus to distinguish it from hieratic and Egyptian hieroglyphs, hieroglyphic scripts. By convention, the word "Demotic" is capitalized in order to distinguish it from demotic Greek. Script The Demotic script was referred to by the Egyptians as 'document writing', which the second-century scholar Clement of Alexandria called 'letter-writing', while early Western scholars, notably Thomas Young (scientist), Thomas Young, formerly referred to it as "wikt:enchorial, Enchorial Egyptian". The script was used for more than a thousand years, and during that time a number of developmental stages occurred. It is written and read from right to left, while earlier hieroglyphs could be written from top to bottom, left to right, or right to left. Parts of the Demotic Greek Magical Papyri were written with a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Decree Of Memphis (Ptolemy V)
The Rosetta Stone is a stele of granodiorite inscribed with three versions of a decree issued in 196 BC during the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt, on behalf of King Ptolemy V Epiphanes. The top and middle texts are in Ancient Egyptian using hieroglyphic and Demotic scripts, respectively, while the bottom is in Ancient Greek. The decree has only minor differences across the three versions, making the Rosetta Stone key to deciphering the Egyptian scripts. The stone was carved during the Hellenistic period and is believed to have originally been displayed within a temple, possibly at Sais. It was probably moved in late antiquity or during the Mamluk period, and was eventually used as building material in the construction of Fort Julien near the town of Rashid (Rosetta) in the Nile Delta. It was found there in July 1799 by French officer Pierre-François Bouchard during the Napoleonic campaign in Egypt. It was the first Ancient Egyptian bilingual text recovered in modern times, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baker's Tool (hieroglyph)
The total number of distinct Egyptian hieroglyphs increased over time from several hundred in the Middle Kingdom to several thousand during the Ptolemaic Kingdom. In 1928/1929 Alan Gardiner published an overview of hieroglyphs, Gardiner's sign list, the basic modern standard. It describes 763 signs in 26 categories (A–Z, roughly). Georg Möller compiled more extensive lists, organized by historical epoch (published posthumously in 1927 and 1936). In Unicode, the block ''Egyptian Hieroglyphs'' (2009) includes 1071 signs, organization based on Gardiner's list. As of 2016, there is a proposal by Michael Everson to extend the Unicode standard to comprise Möller's list. Subsets Notable subsets of hieroglyphs: * Determinatives * Uniliteral signs * Biliteral signs * Triliteral signs * Egyptian numerals Letter classification by Gardiner List of hieroglyphs See also *Egyptian hieroglyphs *Transliteration of Ancient Egyptian * Gardiner's sign list *List of cuneiform sig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Km (hieroglyph)
''Km''I6 km is the Egyptian hieroglyph for the color black and also used to indicate conclusion or completion, in Gardiner's sign list km is numbered I6. Its phonetic value is '. The ''Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache'' ('Dictionary of the Egyptian Language') lists no less than 24 different compound variants of km including black objects such as black stone, metal, wood, hair, eyes, and animals, and in some instances applied to a person's name. I6 Why the km hieroglyph looks the way it does is unknown. In Gardiner's Sign List it's described as "piece of crocodile-skin with spines" and is in section I under "amphibious animals, reptiles, etc" although other hieroglyphs categorized by Gardiner in this way, like I5, the hieroglyph for crocodile I5 all depict the whole animal and there is no known Egyptian text that organize the hieroglyphs into categories. Rossini and Schumann-Antelme propose that the km hieroglyph (Gardiner: I6) actually depicts crocodile claws comin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spine With Fluid (hieroglyph)
The ancient Egyptian hieroglyph of a Spine issuing fluid is Gardiner's Sign List, Gardiner sign listed no. F40 for the ''animal spine, fluid falling from each end''. Another hieroglyph, Gardiner F39 shows only half-spine with fluid (hieroglyph), half of the spine, F39-(referring to 'dignity', or 'to be revered'). The ''Spine with fluid'' hieroglyph is used in Egyptian Egyptian hieroglyphs, hieroglyphs as a Egyptian biliteral signs, biliteral with the language value of Aw-(''Au'') and consists of the Egyptian vowel Egyptian uniliteral signs, uniliterals of a, the vulture (hieroglyph), vulture, Gardiner G1-(birds), G1 and w, the quail chick (hieroglyph), quail chick, Gardiner G43, G43 The use of the ''Spine with fluid'' hieroglyph is for words showing "length", as opposed to 'breadth', (Egyptian ''usekh''-(breadth, width)-for example, the Usekh collar). Some example words for 'length' are: ''to be long, length, to extend, extended''; and for ''to expand, to dilate'', words like: '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ankh Wedja Seneb
Ankh wedja seneb () is an Egyptian phrase which often appears after the names of pharaohs, in references to their household, or at the ends of letters. The formula consists of three Egyptian hieroglyphs without clarification of pronunciation, making its exact grammatical form difficult to reconstruct. It may be expressed as "life, prosperity, and health", but Alan Gardiner proposed that they represented verbs in the stative form: "Be alive, strong, and healthy". Components Egyptian hieroglyphs did not record vowel values, making the exact pronunciation of most words unknowable. The conventional Egyptological pronunciations of the words , , and are ''ankh'', ''wedja'' and ''seneb'' respectively. *Ankh means "life" and "to have life", "to live", particularly with regard to the longevity and resurrection of the ancient Egyptian deities and pharaohs *Wedja means "to be whole" or "intact", with connotations of "prosperity" and "well-being" *Seneb means "to be sound", "to be well" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ptolemy V
Ptolemy V Epiphanes Eucharistus (, ''Ptolemaĩos Epiphanḗs Eukháristos'' "Ptolemy the Manifest, the Beneficent"; 9 October 210–September 180 BC) was the King of Ptolemaic Egypt from July or August 204 BC until his death in 180 BC. Ptolemy V, the son of Ptolemy IV and Arsinoe III, inherited the throne at the age of five when his parents died in suspicious circumstances. The new regent, Agathocles, was widely reviled and was toppled by a revolution in 202 BC, but the series of regents who followed proved incompetent and the kingdom was paralysed. The Seleucid king Antiochus III and the Antigonid king Philip V took advantage of the kingdom's weakness to begin the Fifth Syrian War (202–196 BC), in which the Ptolemies lost all their territories in Asia Minor and the Levant, as well as most of their influence in the Aegean Sea. Simultaneously, Ptolemy V faced a widespread Egyptian revolt (206–185 BC) led by the self-proclaimed pharaohs Horwennefer and Ankhwennefer, whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bone-with-meat (hieroglyph)
The ancient Egyptian Bone-with-meat hieroglyph (Gardiner F44) represented: "ancestry, inherit", and phonetic ''isw, iw' '' (inherit, etc.); a determinative for the femur, (iw'); and ''swt'', for the tibia.Kamrin, 2004. F44, p. 238. The Old Kingdom usage on slab steles, from the middle of the 3rd millennium BC, shows the proto-type form of the hieroglyph as a 'cut of meat', much like the spare ribs or beef ribs of the present era. The slab stela shows the bone as a multiple of two curved bones, much like the spare rib. An example of a wall relief scene from Edfu at the Temple of Edfu shows a cartouche with the ''joint of meat'' hieroglyph. Another less common hieroglyph pictured within the cartouche is the vertical standing ''mummy hieroglyph.'' See also * Gardiner's Sign List#F. Parts of Mammals *List of Egyptian hieroglyphs The total number of distinct Egyptian hieroglyphs increased over time from several hundred in the Middle Kingdom to several thousand during the Ptol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
