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Blockade Of Montenegro
In the Blockade of Montenegro (10 April – 14 May 1913) a multi-national naval squadron summoned by the Great Powers and under the command of Sir Cecil Burney blockaded the Montenegrin ports. The purpose of the blockade was stopping Montenegrin reinforces and supplies from reaching the Albanian coast. History During the First Balkan War, the Great Powers decided that the disputed region should be given to the newly independent kingdom of Albania, created as a neutral country under international administration, and they decided to carry out a blockade to reinforce this decision. As Montenegro continued their siege of Scutari, the Great Powers decided to implement the blockade, which was declared on 10 April 1913. The purpose was to prevent Serbian supplies and reinforcements from reaching the Albanian coast. The blockade, consisting of a "multi-national naval squadron", lasted from 10 April until 14 May 1913. Among the ships involved in the blockade were the Austro-Hungarian SM ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Port Of Bar
The Port of Bar ( Montenegrin: ''Luka Bar'', ''Лука Бар'', MNSELUBA is Montenegro's main sea port. It is located in Bar. History The Port of Bar was used as a sea port for Shkodër before it was conquered by the Turks in 1571. Right after the conquest of Bar, the Turks constructed a small port with one breakwater and wooden pier. This former Turkish port has been maintained and expanded since 1878, when Montenegro gained Bar after becoming officially independent from Ottoman Turkey. Montenegro became the first South Slavic state to have a port to the sea. Construction of the port formally started on March 23, 1905, when King Nikola I, on board on the yacht ''Rumija'', plunged a foundation stone, on which his initials and the date were carved in, into the sea. The Port of Bar officially began construction on June 27, 1906, even though the port was founded the same day. Coen Caglia, an Italian expert in maritime construction designed the port for an annual turnover of 3 mil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SMS Zenta
SMS ''Zenta'' was the lead ship of the of protected cruisers built for the Austro-Hungarian Navy in the late 1890s. The class included two other vessels, and . The ''Zenta''s were intended to serve as fleet scouts and to guard the battleships against attacks by torpedo boats. She carried a main battery of eight guns manufactured by Škoda; ''Zenta'' and her sisters were the first major warships of the Austro-Hungarian fleet to be armed entirely with domestically produced guns. Unlike earlier Austro-Hungarian cruisers, the ''Zenta'' class discarded heavy belt armor in favor of a higher top speed. After entering service in 1899, ''Zenta'' was sent to East Asia to represent Austria-Hungary in the region. She was involved in the Boxer Rebellion in Qing China in 1900, sending landing parties ashore as part of the Eight-Nation Alliance to guard the Legation Quarter and to fight in the Battle of the Taku Forts. ''Zenta'' returned home in 1901 and was sent on another long-distan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Africa (1905)
HMS ''Africa'' was a pre-dreadnought battleship of the Royal Navy, and the penultimate ship of the . The ship was built by Chatham Dockyard between 1904 and 1906. Armed with a battery of four and four guns, she and her sister ships marked a significant advance in offensive power compared to earlier British battleship designs that did not carry the 9.2 in guns. Like all ships of the class (apart from ), she was named after an important part of the British Empire, namely Africa. After commissioning in July 1905, she served briefly with the Atlantic Fleet from October to March 1907 before transferring to the Channel Fleet. She then joined the Home Fleet in 1909. ''Africa'' participated in tests with shipboard aircraft in January 1912, and she was the first British ship to launch an aeroplane. In mid-1912, she, along with her sister ships, was assigned to the 3rd Battle Squadron, part of the Home Fleet. That year, the squadron went to the Mediterranean Sea during the Fir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SMS Zrínyi
SMS ''Zrínyi'' (''"His Majesty's ship Zrínyi"'' ) was a semi-dreadnought battleship (''Schlachtschiff'') of the Austro-Hungarian Navy (''K.u.K. Kriegsmarine''), named for the Zrinski, a Croatian- Hungarian noble family (). ''Zrínyi'' and her sisters, and , were the last pre-dreadnoughts built for the Austro-Hungarian Navy. During World War I, ''Zrínyi'' saw action in the Adriatic Sea. She served with the Second Division of the Austro-Hungarian Navy's battleships and shelled Senigallia as part of the bombardment of the key seaport of Ancona, Italy, during May 1915. However, Allied control of the Strait of Otranto meant that the Austro-Hungarian Navy was effectively contained in the Adriatic. Nonetheless, the presence of the ''Zrínyi'' and other battleships tied down a substantial force of Allied ships. With the war going against the Austrians by the end of 1918, ''Zrínyi'' was prepared for transfer to the new State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs. On 10 November 1918, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SMS Salamander (1891)
SMS ''Salamander'' was a minelayer built for the Austro-Hungarian Navy and launched in 1891. History It was the second Austrian ship to be given this name after , launched in 1861 and scrapped in 1896. The new ''Salamander'' displaced about 268 tons. In July 1891 it was towed to Trieste, and from 1892 to 1893 it was a sea mine school, transporting students from the Austro-Hungarian academy. Between 1897 and 1902 it was assigned to the mine school and also to the telegraph school. In 1902 it participated in an exhibition at Istria, attended by Emperor Franz Joseph I. On 10 April 1913, it joined the international Blockade of Montenegro. In 1914 it was active in the mine shift in the bay of Pola (Pula), later performing the same duty at the bay of Muggia and later still at the Bay of Kotor. It was at the Farasina Channel early in 1916, and was back at work at the bay of Pola by February. In June of the same year, it laid mines on submarines off Cape Planka, and later in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SMS Radetzky (1909)
SMS ''Radetzky'' was the first of the three pre-dreadnought battleships built for the Austro-Hungarian Navy (K.u.K. Kriegsmarine). She was named for the 19th-century Austrian field marshal Joseph Radetzky von Radetz. ''Radetzky'' and her sisters, and , were the last pre-dreadnoughts built by the Austro-Hungarian Navy—they were followed by the larger and significantly more powerful dreadnoughts. ''Radetzky'' was built by the shipbuilding company '' Stabilimento Tecnico'' in Trieste and commissioned into the fleet on 15 January 1911. The ship conducted training cruises in the Mediterranean before the outbreak of World War I in mid-1914. During the war, ''Radetzky'' operated largely as part of a fleet in being alongside the rest of the Austro-Hungarian Navy; in doing so, the ships tied down considerable naval forces from the Triple Entente. ''Radetzky'' did participate in some offensive operations, primarily shore bombardments in the Adriatic Sea against French, Montenegrin, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SMS Erzherzog Franz Ferdinand
SMS ''Erzherzog Franz Ferdinand'' was an Austro-Hungarian pre-dreadnought battleship commissioned into the Austro-Hungarian Navy on 5 June 1910. She was named after Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The first ship of her class to be built, she preceded by more than six months. Her armament included four 30.5 cm (12 in) guns in two twin turrets, and eight 24 cm (9.4 in) guns in four twin turrets. She participated in an international naval protest of the Balkan Wars in 1913, during which she helped enforce a blockade of Montenegro. She was also one of the first ships to deploy seaplanes for military use. During World War I, she saw limited service in the 2nd Division of the 1st Battle Squadron, including mobilization to assist the escape of the German ships SMS ''Goeben'' and SMS ''Breslau'' and the bombardment of Ancona in 1915. At the end of the war, she was ceded to Italy as a war prize and was eventually scrapped in 1926. Construction ''Erzherzog Franz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siege Of Scutari (1912–1913)
The siege of Scutari, also referred to as the siege of Shkodër (, sr, Опсада Скадра), known in Turkish as ''İşkodra Müdafaası'' or ''İşkodra Savunması'' , took place from 28 October 1912 to 23 April 1913 when the army of Kingdom of Montenegro defeated the forces of the Ottoman Empire and invaded Shkodër. Background In 1912, the Balkan League consisting of Serbia, Montenegro, Greece and Bulgaria had jointly declared war against the Ottoman Empire. Montenegro mobilized its troops and prepared to attack the Ottoman forces in Albania directly to the south. Behind the invasion, however, stood Montenegro's intention to expand its border at the expense of territories with an overwhelming majority of Albanians. Montenegro considered itself the successor of Zeta, a medieval Slavic realm, with Shkodër as its capital. With the transition of power from the last feudal lords Balšići or Balsha to Venetians, and eventually Ottomans, who established a city as a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Concert Of Europe
The Concert of Europe was a general consensus among the Great Powers of 19th-century Europe to maintain the European balance of power, political boundaries, and spheres of influence. Never a perfect unity and subject to disputes and jockeying for position and influence, the Concert was an extended period of relative peace and stability in Europe following the Wars of the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars which had consumed the continent since the 1790s. There is considerable scholarly dispute over the exact nature and duration of the Concert. Some scholars argue that it fell apart nearly as soon as it began in the 1820s when the Great Powers disagreed over the handling of liberal revolts in Italy, while others argue that it lasted until the outbreak of World War I and others for points in between. For those arguing for a longer duration, there is generally agreement that the period after the Revolutions of 1848 and the Crimean War (1853-1856) represented a different phase ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blockade
A blockade is the act of actively preventing a country or region from receiving or sending out food, supplies, weapons, or communications, and sometimes people, by military force. A blockade differs from an embargo or sanction, which are legal barriers to trade rather than physical barriers. It is also distinct from a siege in that a blockade is usually directed at an entire country or region, rather than a fortress or city and the objective may not always be to conquer the area. While most blockades historically took place at sea, blockades are also used on land to prevent entrance of an area. For example, Armenia is a landlocked country that Turkey and Azerbaijan blockade. Thus, Armenia cannot conduct international trade through those countries, and mainly trades through Georgia. This restricts the country's economic development. A blockading power can seek to cut off all maritime transport from and to the blockaded country; although stopping all land transp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italian Battleship Ammiraglio Di Saint Bon
''Ammiraglio di Saint Bon'' was a pre-dreadnought battleship of the Regia Marina built during the 1890s. She was laid down in July 1893, launched in April 1897, and completed in May 1901. She was the lead ship of her class, and had one sister ship, . The ship was armed with a main battery of four guns and was capable of a top speed of . ''Ammiraglio di Saint Bon'' served in the active squadron of the Italian navy for the first several years of her career. She was assigned to the 3rd Division during the Italo-Turkish War of 1911–1912. During the war, she was involved in the seizure of the island of Rhodes, where she provided gunfire support to Italian infantry. The ship was obsolescent by World War I and was slated to be broken up in 1914–1915, but the need for warships granted ''Ammiraglio di Saint Bon'' a respite. She spent the war as a harbor defense ship in Venice and, after April 1916, was used primarily as a floating anti-aircraft battery. She was stricken from the n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SMS Breslau
SMS ''Breslau'' was a of the Imperial German Navy, built in the early 1910s and named after the Lower Silesian city of Breslau. Following her commissioning, ''Breslau'' and the battlecruiser were assigned to the ''Mittelmeerdivision'' (Mediterranean Division) in response to the Balkan Wars. After evading British warships in the Mediterranean to reach Constantinople, ''Breslau'' and ''Goeben'' were transferred to the Ottoman Empire in August 1914, to entice the Ottomans to join the Central Powers in World War I. The two ships, along with several other Ottoman vessels, raided Russian ports in October 1914, prompting a Russian declaration of war. The ships were renamed ''Midilli'' and ''Yavûz Sultân Selîm'', respectively, and saw extensive service with the Ottoman fleet, primarily in the Black Sea against the Russian Black Sea Fleet. ''Midilli'' was active in laying minefields off the Russian coast, bombarding Russian ports and installations and, because of a shortage of Otto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
