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Block-voting
Block or bloc voting refers to a class of electoral systems where multiple candidates are elected simultaneously. They do not guarantee minority representation and allow a group of voters (a voting bloc) to ensure that only their preferred candidates are elected. In these systems, a voter can select as many candidates as there are open seats. That is, the voter has as many votes to cast as the number of seats to fill. The block voting systems are among various election systems available for use in multi-member districts where the voting system allows for the selection of multiple winners at once. Block voting falls under the multiple non-transferable vote category, a term often used interchangeably with this term. Block voting may be also associated with the concept of winner-take-all representation in multi-winner electoral systems or the plurality election method. Other variations of block voting include block approval voting, and party block voting (sometimes called a gener ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electoral System
An electoral or voting system is a set of rules used to determine the results of an election. Electoral systems are used in politics to elect governments, while non-political elections may take place in business, nonprofit organizations and informal organisations. These rules govern all aspects of the voting process: when elections occur, Suffrage, who is allowed to vote, Nomination rules, who can stand as a candidate, Voting method, how ballots are marked and cast, how the ballots are counted, how votes translate into the election outcome, limits on Campaign finance, campaign spending, and other factors that can affect the result. Political electoral systems are defined by constitutions and electoral laws, are typically conducted by election commissions, and can use multiple types of elections for different offices. Some electoral systems elect a single winner to a unique position, such as prime minister, president or governor, while others elect multiple winners, such as membe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Local Elections In France
The administrative divisions of France are concerned with the institutional and territorial organization of French territory. These territories are located in many parts of the world. There are many administrative divisions, which may have political (local government), electoral (districts), or administrative (decentralized services of the state) objectives. All the inhabited territories are represented in the National Assembly, Senate and Economic and Social Council and their citizens have French citizenship and elect the President of France. Types of division Regions, the most integrated territories The French Republic is divided into 18 regions: 12 in mainland France and 6 elsewhere (1 in Europe: Corsica; 2 in the Caribbean (the Lesser Antilles): Guadeloupe and Martinique; 1 in South America: French Guiana; and 2 in the Indian Ocean near East Africa: Mayotte and Réunion). They are traditionally divided between the metropolitan regions, located on the European con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First-past-the-post Voting
First-past-the-post (FPTP)—also called choose-one, first-preference plurality (FPP), or simply plurality—is a single-winner voting rule. Voters mark one candidate as their favorite, or first-preference, and the candidate with more first-preference votes than any other candidate (a ''plurality'') is elected, even if they do not have more than half of votes (a '' majority''). FPP has been used to elect part of the British House of Commons since the Middle Ages before spreading throughout the British Empire. Throughout the 20th century, many countries that previously used FPP have abandoned it in favor of other electoral systems, including the former British colonies of Australia and New Zealand. FPP is still officially used in the majority of US states for most elections. However, the combination of partisan primaries and a two-party system in these jurisdictions means that most American elections behave effectively like two-round systems, in which the first round ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voting Bloc
A voting bloc is a group of voting, voters that are strongly motivated by a specific common concern or group of concerns to the point that such specific concerns tend to dominate their voting patterns, causing them to vote together in elections. Beliefnet identifies 12 main religious blocs in American politics, such as the "Religious Right in the United States, Religious Right", whose concerns are dominated by Religion and politics in the United States , religious and sociocultural issues; and American Jews, who are identified as a "strong Democratic group" with Modern liberalism in the United States, liberal views on economics and social issues. The result is that each of these groups votes '':wikt:en bloc, en bloc'' in elections. Bloc voting in the United States is particularly cohesive Orthodox Jewish bloc voting, among Orthodox Jews. Voting blocs can be defined by a host of other shared characteristics, including region, age, gender, education level, and even music choice. S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sincere Voting
Sincerity is the virtue of one who communicates and acts in accordance with the entirety of their feelings, beliefs, thoughts, and desires in a manner that is honest and genuine. Sincerity in one's actions (as opposed to one's communications) may be called "earnestness". Etymology The Oxford English Dictionary and most scholars state that ''sincerity'' from ''sincere'' is derived from the Latin meaning ''clean, pure, sound''. may have once meant "one growth" (not mixed), from (one) and (to grow). is cognate with " Ceres," the goddess of grain, as in "cereal". According to the American Heritage Dictionary, the Latin word is derived from the Indo-European root , itself derived from the zero-grade of (''one'') and the suffixed, lengthened e-grade of (''grow''), generating the underlying meaning ''of one growth'', hence ''pure, clean''. Controversy An often repeated folk etymology proposes that ''sincere'' is derived from the Latin "without" and "wax". According to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Single Non-transferable Vote
Single non-transferable vote or SNTV is a multi-winner electoral system in which each voter casts a single vote. Being a semi-proportional variant of first-past-the-post voting, under SNTV small parties, as well as large parties, have a chance to be represented. Under SNTV, a single party seldom will take all seats in a city or district, as generally happens with winner-take-all systems. Under certain conditions, such as perfect tactical voting, SNTV is equivalent to proportional representation by the D'Hondt method. SNTV is a combination of multi-member districts and each voter casting just one vote. SNTV can be considered a variant of dot voting where each voter has only one point to assign. It can also be seen as a variant of limited voting where each elector has one vote, or as a simple version of Single Transferable Voting where votes are not transferred. Unlike block voting or limited voting, where voters can cast multiple votes, under SNTV each voter casts just on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Instant-runoff Voting
Instant-runoff voting (IRV; ranked-choice voting (RCV), preferential voting, alternative vote) is a single-winner ranked voting election system where Sequential loser method, one or more eliminations are used to simulate Runoff (election), runoff elections. When no candidate has a majority of the votes in the first round of counting, each following round eliminates the candidate with the fewest First-preference votes, first-preferences (among the remaining candidates) and transfers their votes if possible. This continues until one candidate accumulates a majority of the votes still in play. Instant-runoff voting falls under the plurality-based voting-rule family, in that under certain conditions the candidate with the least votes is eliminated, making use of secondary rankings as contingency votes. Thus it is related to the Runoff election, two-round runoff system and the exhaustive ballot. IRV could also be seen as a single-winner equivalent of Single transferable vote, sin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Preferential Block Voting
Multiple transferable voting, sometimes called block preferential or block instant-runoff voting, is a winner-take-all system for electing several representatives from a multimember constituency. Unlike single transferable voting (STV), preferential block voting is not a method for obtaining proportional representation, and instead produces similar results to plurality block voting. Preferential block voting can be seen as a multiple-winner version of Instant-runoff voting, instant-runoff. Under both block voting and preferential block voting, a single group of like-minded voters can win every seat, making both forms non-proportional. Casting and counting the ballots In preferential block voting, a ranked ballot is used, ranking candidates from most to least preferred. Alternate ballot forms may have two groupings of marks, first giving ''n'' votes for an ''n'' seat election (as in traditional ''bloc voting''), but also allowing the alternate candidates to be ranked in order of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Preferential Ballot
Ranked voting is any voting system that uses voters' Ordinal utility, rankings of candidates to choose a single winner or multiple winners. More formally, a ranked vote system depends only on voters' total order, order of preference of the candidates. Ranked voting systems vary dramatically in how preferences are tabulated and counted, which gives them Comparison of voting rules, very different properties. In instant-runoff voting (IRV) and the single transferable vote system (STV), lower preferences are used as contingencies (back-up preferences) and are only applied when all higher-ranked preferences on a ballot have been eliminated or when the vote has been cast for a candidate who has been elected and surplus votes need to be transferred. Ranked votes of this type do not suffer the problem that a marked lower preference may be used against a voter's higher marked preference. Some ranked vote systems use ranks as weights; these systems are called positional voting. In the B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parliament Of Singapore
The Parliament of Singapore is the unicameralism, unicameral legislature of the Singapore, Republic of Singapore, which governs the country alongside the President of Singapore. Largely based upon the Westminster system, the Parliament is made up of List of Singapore MPs, Members of Parliament (MPs) who are elected, as well as Non-constituency Member of Parliament, Non-Constituency Members of Parliament (NCMPs) and Nominated Member of Parliament, Nominated Members of Parliament (NMPs) who are appointed. Following the 2025 Singaporean general election, 2025 general election, 97 MPs and two NCMPs from two political parties were General elections in Singapore, elected to the 15th Parliament of Singapore, 15th Parliament. Throughout the sitting of Parliament, nine NMPs are usually appointed by the President of Singapore, president on a biennial basis. The Speaker of the Parliament of Singapore, Speaker of Parliament has overall charge of the administration of Parliament and its secr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Two-round System
The two-round system (TRS or 2RS), sometimes called ballotage, top-two runoff, or two-round plurality, is a single-winner electoral system which aims to elect a member who has support of the majority of voters. The two-round system involves one or two rounds of choose-one voting, where the voter marks a single favorite candidate in each round. If no one has a majority of votes in the first round, the two candidates with the most votes in the first round move on to a second election (a second round of voting). The two-round system is in the family of plurality voting systems that also includes single-round plurality (FPP). Like instant-runoff (ranked-choice) voting and first past the post, it elects one winner. The two-round system first emerged in France and has since become the most common single-winner electoral system worldwide. Despite this, runoff-based rules like the two-round system and RCV have faced criticism from social choice theorists as a result of their suscep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voting Bloc
A voting bloc is a group of voting, voters that are strongly motivated by a specific common concern or group of concerns to the point that such specific concerns tend to dominate their voting patterns, causing them to vote together in elections. Beliefnet identifies 12 main religious blocs in American politics, such as the "Religious Right in the United States, Religious Right", whose concerns are dominated by Religion and politics in the United States , religious and sociocultural issues; and American Jews, who are identified as a "strong Democratic group" with Modern liberalism in the United States, liberal views on economics and social issues. The result is that each of these groups votes '':wikt:en bloc, en bloc'' in elections. Bloc voting in the United States is particularly cohesive Orthodox Jewish bloc voting, among Orthodox Jews. Voting blocs can be defined by a host of other shared characteristics, including region, age, gender, education level, and even music choice. S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
