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Beylik Of The West
Beylik is a Turkish word, meaning "the territory under the jurisdiction of a Bey", and may refer to: * Duchy or principality, typically in the Middle East * Beylik of Çubukoğulları * Beylik of Bafra * Beylik of Hacıemir, an beylik in the north Anatolia in a part of 14th and 15th centuries * Beylik of Dulkadir, one of the frontier principalities * Beylik of Erzincan, a principality in east Anatolia, Turkey in the fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries * Beylik, Karacabey * Beylik of Tacettin, a small Turkmen principality in Anatolia in the 14th and 15th centuries * Beylik of Tunis * Anatolian beyliks * Beuluk, a member of the Ottoman sultan's janissary bodyguard * Bəylik (other), places in Azerbaijan * Beylik, administrative units (historic divisions) of Crimean Khanate in Tatar Crimea {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Duchy
A duchy, also called a dukedom, is a country, territory, fiefdom, fief, or domain ruled by a duke or duchess, a ruler hierarchically second to the king or Queen regnant, queen in Western European tradition. There once existed an important difference between "sovereign dukes" and dukes who were ordinary noblemen throughout Europe. Some historic duchies were sovereign in areas that would become part of nation-states only during the modern era, such as happened in Germany (once a federal empire) and Italy (previously a unified kingdom). In contrast, others were subordinate districts of those Kingdom (politics), kingdoms that had unified either partially or completely during the medieval era, such as France, Spain, Sicily, Naples, and the Papal States. Examples In France, several duchies existed in the medieval period, including Duchy of Normandy, Normandy, Duchy of Burgundy, Burgundy, Brittany, and Aquitaine. The medieval German Stem duchy, stem duchies (, literally "tribal duchy," ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Principality
A principality (or sometimes princedom) is a type of monarchy, monarchical state or feudalism, feudal territory ruled by a prince or princess. It can be either a sovereign state or a constituent part of a larger political entity. The term "principality" is often used to describe small monarchies, particularly those in Europe, where the ruler holds the title of prince or an equivalent. Historically, principalities emerged during the Middle Ages as part of the feudal system, where local princes gained significant power within a king's domain. This led to political fragmentation and the creation of mini-states. Over time, many of these principalities consolidated into larger Monarchy, kingdoms and empires, while others retained their independence and prospered. Sovereign principalities which exist today include Liechtenstein, Monaco, and the co-principality of Andorra. Additionally, some royal primogenitures, such as Asturias in Spain, are styled as principalities. The term is als ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Beylik Of Çubukoğulları
Beylik of Çubukoğulları (, literally "sons of Çubuk") was a small and short-lived principality in East Anatolia, Turkey between 1085 and 1112. Çubuk was a commander in the Seljuk army. After the battle of Malazgirt in 1071, he fought in East Anatolia and was tasked with capturing the important fort of Harput (modern Elazığ). He captured the fort and continued making conquests in the surrounding area. He founded a principality under the suzerainty of the Seljuk Empire that included Palu, Genç, Çemişgezek, and Eğin (modern Kemaliye). Çubuk was succeeded by his son Mehmet after 1092. After Mehmet's death in 1112 or 1113, the Beylik was incorporated into the realm of Artuqids
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Beylik Of Bafra
The Beylik of Bafra was one of the Beyliks of Canik (), a group of small Turkmen principalities in northern Anatolia during the 14th and 15th centuries. In 1460 the beylik of Bafra became a part of the Ottoman Empire. See also *Anatolian beyliks Anatolian beyliks (, Ottoman Turkish: ''Tavâif-i mülûk'', ''Beylik''; ) were Turkish principalities (or petty kingdoms) in Anatolia governed by ''beys'', the first of which were founded at the end of the 11th century. A second and more exte ... * Beyliks of Canik References Anatolian beyliks States in medieval Anatolia History of Samsun Province 1460 disestablishments in Asia States and territories disestablished in 1460 {{Ottoman-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Beylik Of Hacıemir
Beylik of Hacıemir (also called ''Beylik of Bayram'') was a beylik (lordship) in the north Anatolia in a part of 14th and 15th centuries. The historical documents about the beylik are scarce. In some documents the beylik was named ''Bayramoğulları'' (Bayran's sons) and in others ''Hacıemiroğulları'' (Hacıemir's sons). Hacıemir was Bayram's son. In contemporary Greek documents, the name of the beylik was Chalybia (), after the ancient Chalybes people who lived in the area. Origin The beylik population was mostly Chepni people, a branch of Turkomans.Faruk Sümer, ''Oğuzlar: Türkmenler, Tarihleri, Boy Teşkilâtı, Destanları'', Türk Dünyası Araştırmaları Vakfı, 1992, p. 172./ref> In the 11th and 12th centuries, they were in Danishmend realm. After Seljuks of Anatolia conquered Danishmends some of them were settled in other parts of Anatolia. But some stayed in their former land. After the collapse of the Seljuks and the end of Mongol dominance, they founded a numb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Beylik Of Dulkadir
The Beylik of Dulkadir () was one of the Turkish Anatolian beyliks (principality) established by the Oghuz Turk clans Bayat, Afshar, and Begdili after the decline of Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm. Etymology The meaning of Dulkadir is unclear. It was later Arabized or reinterpreted according to folk tradition as , which means 'powerful' or 'mighty'. According to 16th-century German historian Johannes Leunclavius, ''Dulkadir'' was a corruption of the Turkic name ''Torghud''. Franz Babinger considered it very probable, as the name was likely derived from some Turkish name, further suggesting that this would also mean the dynasty of Dulkadir is related to the Turkoman Turghudlu tribe. On the other hand, Annemarie von Gabain proposed ''tulga-dar'' () as the original Turkic word it sprang from. According to Turkologist Louis Bazin, the name may be rooted in the term "dolga," which means "to hurt" or "to agonize". Historian Faruk Sümer suggested that Dulkadir could be the Turkme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Beylik Of Erzincan
The Emirate of Erzincan was a state centered around the city of Erzincan that controlled parts of eastern Anatolia and the Caucasus in the 14th and early 15th centuries. Its first known ruler, Ahi Ayna (), rose to power as a vassal of the Eretnids through a purchase from his unknown predecessor sometime before 1348. Ahi Ayna exercised autonomy after his overlord Eretna's () demise. Ahi Ayna is known to have clashed with the neighboring Empire of Trebizond and other emirates. In 1361, he advanced into the Georgian realm, capturing several fortresses. His potential son and the ruler of Karahisar, Pir Husayn () arrived in Erzincan in June the next year amidst a possible unrest. Ahi Ayna was killed in July and succeeded by Pir Husayn. While the latter is known to have been involved in subsequent conflicts with the neighboring local rulers in the next months, details on his reign until his death remain unknown. The nephew of Eretna, Mutahharten () took power following Pir Husayn' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Beylik, Karacabey
Beylik is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Karacabey, Bursa Province Bursa Province () is a Provinces of Turkey, province and Metropolitan municipalities in Turkey, metropolitan municipality in Turkey along the Sea of Marmara coast in northwestern Anatolia. It borders Balıkesir Province, Balıkesir to the west, K ... in Turkey. Its population is 610 (2022). References Neighbourhoods in Karacabey District {{Bursa-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Beylik Of Tacettin
Beylik of Tacettin (Tacettinoğulları, Tacettinids) was a small Turkmen principality in Anatolia in the 14th and 15th centuries. Tacettin After Seljuks of Anatolia were defeated by the Mongols in 1243, many small beylik (principalities) emerged in Anatolia. Tacettin of Canik founded his small beylik in and around Niksar, mid-north Anatolia in 1348. His small beylik was one of the small beyliks which were collectively known as Beyliks of Canik. In 1378 he married Eudokia of Trebizond, the daughter of the Alexios III of Trebizond, the emperor of Trebizond. In 1386 he fell in the battle during his campaign to Hacıemir controlled Ordu (ancient ''Cotyora''). Mahmut The next bey was Mahmut. During the early years of Mahmut's reign, the beylik was between two great powers: namely the Ottoman Empire to the southwest and Kadı Buhanettin to the south. Although Mahmut accepted Burhanettin's suzerainty he secretly encouraged Bayezit I of the Ottomans against Burhanettin. But the bl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Beylik Of Tunis
The Beylik of Tunis () was a de facto independent state located in present-day Tunisia, formally part of the Ottoman Empire. It was ruled by the Husainid dynasty from 1705 until the establishment of the French protectorate of Tunisia in 1881. The term ''beylik'' refers to the monarch, who was called the Bey of Tunis. Under the protectorate, the institution of the Beylik was retained nominally, with the Husainids remaining as largely symbolic sovereigns. The Beys remained faithful to the Sublime Porte, but reigned as monarchs after gradually gaining independence from the Ottoman Empire. Between 1861 and 1864, the Beylik of Tunis became a constitutional monarchy after adopting the first constitution in Africa and the Arab world. The country had its own currency and an independent army, and in 1831 it adopted its flag, which is still in use today. The institution of the Beylik was finally abolished one year after independence on 25 July 1957 when the republic was declared. Histor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Anatolian Beyliks
Anatolian beyliks (, Ottoman Turkish: ''Tavâif-i mülûk'', ''Beylik''; ) were Turkish principalities (or petty kingdoms) in Anatolia governed by ''beys'', the first of which were founded at the end of the 11th century. A second and more extensive period of establishment took place as a result of the decline of the Seljuq Sultanate of Rûm in the latter half of the 13th century. One of the ''beyliks'', that of the ''Osmanoğlu'' of the Kayı branch of Oghuz Turks, from its capital in Bursa completed its incorporation of the other ''beyliks'' to form the Ottoman Empire by the late 15th century. The word ''beylik'' denotes a territory under the jurisdiction of a ''bey'', equivalent to a duchy or principality in other parts of Europe. History Following the 1071 Seljuk victory over the Byzantine Empire at the Battle of Manzikert and the subsequent conquest of Anatolia, Oghuz Turkic clans began settling in present-day Turkey. The Seljuk Sultanate of Rum's central powe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Beuluk
A janissary (, , ) was a member of the elite infantry units that formed the Ottoman sultan's household troops. They were the first modern standing army, and perhaps the first infantry force in the world to be equipped with firearms, adopted during the reign of Murad II (r. 1421–1444, 1446–1451). The corps was established under either Orhan or Murad I, and dismantled by Mahmud II in 1826. Janissaries began as elite corps made up through the ''devşirme'' system of child levy enslavement, by which indigenous European Christian boys, chiefly from the Balkans, were taken, levied, subjected to forced circumcision and forced conversion to Islam, and incorporated into the Ottoman army. They became famed for internal cohesion cemented by strict discipline and order. Unlike typical slaves, they were paid regular salaries. Forbidden to marry before the age of 40 or engage in trade, their complete loyalty to the Ottoman sultan was expected. By the 17th century, due to a dramatic i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
