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Beta-porphyranase
Beta porphyranase is an enzyme responsible for the degradation of porphyran, which composes the cell wall of red algae. So far only five β-porphyranases have been identified: PorA and PorB are found in the marine bacteria ''Zobellia galactinovirans''. A wild-type porphyranase activity has been found in ''Pseudoalteromonas atlantica.'' BpGH16B and BpGH86A have been found in the human gut bacterium, ''Bacteroides plebeius,'' of Japanese individuals. Porphyran, the major water soluble polysaccharide of ''Porphyra'' has a linear structure composed of 4-linked α-l-galactopyranose-6-sulfate (L6S) residues and 3-linked β-d-galactopyranose (G) residues. Beta porphyranase (EC 3.2.1 178; 3= Hydrolase; 3.2= Glycosylase; 3.2.1 = Glycosidases (enzymes hydrolyzing O- and S- glycosyl compounds)) acts as a glycosidase to catalyze the following chemical reaction: : Hydrolysis Hydrolysis (; ) is any chemical reaction in which a molecule of water breaks one or more chemical bonds. The term i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marine Bacteria
Marine prokaryotes are marine bacteria and marine archaea. They are defined by their habitat as prokaryotes that live in marine environments, that is, in the saltwater of seas or oceans or the brackish water of coastal estuaries. All cellular life forms can be divided into prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within membranes, whereas prokaryotes are the organisms that do not have a nucleus enclosed within a membrane. The three-domain system of classifying life adds another division: the prokaryotes are divided into two domains of life, the microscopic bacteria and the microscopic archaea, while everything else, the eukaryotes, become the third domain. Prokaryotes play important roles in ecosystems as decomposers recycling nutrients. Some prokaryotes are pathogenic, causing disease and even death in plants and animals. Marine prokaryotes are responsible for significant levels of the photosynthesis that occurs in the oce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Porphyra
''Porphyra'' is a genus of coldwater seaweeds that grow in cold, shallow seawater. More specifically, it belongs to red algae phylum of laver species (from which comes laverbread), comprising approximately 70 species.Brodie, J.A. and Irvine, L.M. 2003. ''Seaweeds of the British Isles.'' Volume 1 Part 3b. The Natural History Museum, London. It grows in the intertidal zone, typically between the upper intertidal zone and the splash zone in cold waters of temperate oceans. In East Asia, it is used to produce the sea vegetable products ''nori'' (in Japan) and '' gim'' (in Korea). There are considered to be 60–70 species of ''Porphyra'' worldwide Kain, J.M. 1991. Cultivation of attached seaweeds. in Guiry, M.D. and Blunden, G. 1992. ''Seaweed Resources in Europe: Uses and Potential.'' John Wiley and Sons, Chichester and seven around Britain and Ireland, where it has been traditionally used to produce edible sea vegetables on the Irish Sea coast.Hardy, F.G. and Guiry, M.D. 2006. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydrolysis
Hydrolysis (; ) is any chemical reaction in which a molecule of water breaks one or more chemical bonds. The term is used broadly for substitution reaction, substitution, elimination reaction, elimination, and solvation reactions in which water is the nucleophile. Biological hydrolysis is the cleavage of Biomolecule, biomolecules where a water molecule is consumed to effect the separation of a larger molecule into component parts. When a carbohydrate is broken into its component sugar molecules by hydrolysis (e.g., sucrose being broken down into glucose and fructose), this is recognized as saccharification. Hydrolysis reactions can be the reverse of a condensation reaction in which two molecules join into a larger one and eject a water molecule. Thus hydrolysis adds water to break down, whereas condensation builds up by removing water. Types Usually hydrolysis is a chemical process in which a molecule of water is added to a substance. Sometimes this addition causes both the su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Porphyran
Porphyran is a sulfated carbohydrate derived from red algae of the genus ''Porphyra''. Composition Porphyran is a complex sulfated carbohydrate. It is a highly substituted complex carbohydrate related to agarose with a linear backbone consisting of 3- linked beta-D- galactosyl units alternating with either 4-linked alpha-L-galactosyl 6-sulfate or 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactosyl units. The composition includes 6-O-sulfated L-galactose, 6-O-methylated D-galactose, L-galactose, 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose, 6-O-methyl D-galactose and ester sulfate. Some of the ester is present as 1-4-linked L-galactose 6-sulfate. The precise composition of porphyran shows seasonal and environmental variations. In ''Porphyra haitanensis'', the L-residues are mainly composed of alpha-L-galactosyl 6-sulfate units, and the 3,6-anhydro-galactosyl units are minor. In ''Porphyra capensis'', the ratio of alpha-L-galactose-6-sulfate and the 3,6-anhydrogalactose is 1.2:1. Porphyran is converted to agarose by cycliza ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
