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Benzoyl CoA
Benzoyl-CoA is the thioester derived from benzoic acid and coenzyme A. The term benzoyl-CoA also include diverse conjugates of coenzyme A and aromatic carboxylic acids. Benzoate, vanillin, anthranilic acid, 4-ethylphenol, p-cresol, phenol, aniline, terephthalic acid, phenylalanine.html" ;"title="-hydroxybenzoic acid, and phenylalanine">-hydroxybenzoic acid, and phenylalanine are all metabolized to benzoyl-CoA. Additionally, cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, toluene, caffeic acid, benzyl alcohol, and mandelic acid are suspected to be processed similarly. As substrate for reductases Benzoyl-CoA is a substrate for diverse reductases: 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA reductase, benzoyl-CoA reductase, benzoyl-CoA 3-monooxygenase, benzoate-CoA ligase, 2alpha-hydroxytaxane 2-O-benzoyltransferase, anthranilate N-benzoyltransferase, biphenyl synthase, glycine N-benzoyltransferase, ornithine N-benzoyltransferase and phenylglyoxylate dehydrogenase (acylating). Benzoyl-CoA re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benzoic Acid
Benzoic acid () is a white (or colorless) solid organic compound with the formula , whose structure consists of a benzene ring () with a carboxyl () substituent. The benzoyl group is often abbreviated "Bz" (not to be confused with "Bn," which is used for benzyl), thus benzoic acid is also denoted as BzOH, since the benzoyl group has the formula –. It is the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid. The name is derived from gum benzoin, which was for a long time its only source. Benzoic acid occurs naturally in many plants and serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of many secondary metabolites. Salts of benzoic acid are used as food preservatives. Benzoic acid is an important precursor for the industrial synthesis of many other organic substances. The salts and esters of benzoic acid are known as benzoates (). History Benzoic acid was discovered in the sixteenth century. The dry distillation of gum benzoin was first described by Nostradamus (1556), and then by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mandelic Acid
Mandelic acid is an aromatic alpha hydroxy acid with the molecular formula C6H5CH(OH)CO2H. It is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water and polar organic solvents. It is a useful precursor to various drugs. The molecule is chiral. The racemic mixture is known as ''paramandelic acid''. Isolation, synthesis, occurrence Mandelic acid was discovered in 1831 by the German pharmacist Ferdinand Ludwig Winckler (1801–1868) while heating amygdalin, an extract of bitter almonds, with diluted hydrochloric acid. The name is derived from the German "Mandel" for "almond". Mandelic acid is usually prepared by the acid-catalysed hydrolysis of mandelonitrile, which is the cyanohydrin of benzaldehyde. Mandelonitrile can also be prepared by reacting benzaldehyde with sodium bisulfite to give the corresponding adduct, forming mandelonitrile with sodium cyanide, which is then hydrolyzed: : Alternatively, it can be prepared by base hydrolysis of phenylchloroacetic acid as well as dibrom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis, i.e., chemical synthesis occurring in biological contexts, is a term most often referring to multi-step, enzyme-Catalysis, catalyzed processes where chemical substances absorbed as nutrients (or previously converted through biosynthesis) serve as enzyme substrate (chemistry), substrates, with conversion by the living organism either into simpler or more complex Product (chemistry), products. Examples of biosynthetic pathways include those for the production of amino acids, lipid membrane components, and nucleotides, but also for the production of all classes of biological macromolecules, and of acetyl-coenzyme A, adenosine triphosphate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and other key intermediate and transactional molecules needed for metabolism. Thus, in biosynthesis, any of an array of Chemical compound, compounds, from simple to complex, are converted into other compounds, and so it includes both the catabolism and anabolism (building up and breaking down) of comple ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acetyl Coenzyme A
Acetyl-CoA (acetyl coenzyme A) is a molecule that participates in many biochemical reactions in protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Its main function is to deliver the acetyl group to the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) to be oxidized for energy production. Coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a β-mercaptoethylamine group linked to pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) through an amide linkage and 3'-phosphorylated ADP. The acetyl group (indicated in blue in the structural diagram on the right) of acetyl-CoA is linked to the sulfhydryl substituent of the β-mercaptoethylamine group. This thioester linkage is a "high energy" bond, which is particularly reactive. Hydrolysis of the thioester bond is exergonic (−31.5 kJ/mol). CoA is acetylated to acetyl-CoA by the breakdown of carbohydrates through glycolysis and by the breakdown of fatty acids through β-oxidation. Acetyl-CoA then enters the citric acid cycle, where the acetyl group is oxidized to carbon dioxide and water ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phenylglyoxylate Dehydrogenase (acylating)
In enzymology, a phenylglyoxylate dehydrogenase (acylating; ) is an enzyme that catalysis, catalyzes the chemical reaction :phenylglyoxylate + NAD+ + CoA-SH \rightleftharpoons benzoyl-S-CoA + CO2 + NADH The three substrate (biochemistry), substrates of this enzyme are phenylglyoxylate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD+, and CoA-SH, whereas its 3 product (chemistry), products are benzoyl-S-CoA, carbon dioxide, CO2, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADH. This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The List of enzymes, systematic name of this enzyme class is phenylglyoxylate:NAD+ oxidoreductase. It has 3 cofactor (biochemistry), cofactors: flavin adenine dinucleotide, FAD, Thiamin diphosphate, and Iron-sulfur. References * EC 1.2.1 NADH-dependent enzymes Flavoproteins Thiamin diphosphate enzymes Iron-sulfur enzymes Enzymes of unknown structure {{1.2-en ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ornithine N-benzoyltransferase
In enzymology, an ornithine N-benzoyltransferase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :2 benzoyl-CoA + L-ornithine \rightleftharpoons 2 CoA + N2,N5-dibenzoyl-L-ornithine Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are benzoyl-CoA and L-ornithine, whereas its two products are CoA and N2,N5-dibenzoyl-L-ornithine. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups. The systematic name A systematic name is a name given in a systematic way to one unique group, organism, object or chemical substance, out of a specific population or collection. Systematic names are usually part of a nomenclature. A semisystematic name or semitrivi ... of this enzyme class is benzoyl-CoA:L-ornithine N-benzoyltransferase. This enzyme is also called ornithine N-acyltransferase. References * EC 2.3.1 Enzymes of unknown structure {{2.3-enzyme-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glycine N-benzoyltransferase
In enzymology, a glycine N-benzoyltransferase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :benzoyl-CoA + glycine \rightleftharpoons CoA + N-benzoylglycine Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are benzoyl-CoA and glycine, whereas its two products are CoA and N-benzoylglycine. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is benzoyl-CoA:glycine N-benzoyltransferase. Other names in common use include benzoyl CoA-amino acid N-acyltransferase, and benzoyl-CoA:glycine N-acyltransferase. This enzyme participates in phenylalanine metabolism Phenylalanine (symbol Phe or F) is an essential α-amino acid with the formula . It can be viewed as a benzyl group substituted for the methyl group of alanine, or a phenyl group in place of a terminal hydrogen of alanine. This essential amino a .... References * EC 2.3.1 Enzymes of unknown str ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biphenyl Synthase
In enzymology, a biphenyl synthase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: :3 malonyl-CoA + benzoyl-CoA \rightleftharpoons 4 CoA + 3,5-dihydroxybiphenyl + 4 CO2 Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are malonyl-CoA and benzoyl-CoA, whereas its three products are CoA, 3,5-dihydroxybiphenyl, and CO2. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups. The systematic name A systematic name is a name given in a systematic way to one unique group, organism, object or chemical substance, out of a specific population or collection. Systematic names are usually part of a nomenclature. A semisystematic name or semitrivi ... of this enzyme class is malonyl-CoA:benzoyl-CoA malonyltransferase. This enzyme is also called BIS. References * EC 2.3.1 {{2.3-enzyme-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anthranilate N-benzoyltransferase
In enzymology, an anthranilate N-benzoyltransferase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :benzoyl-CoA + anthranilate \rightleftharpoons CoA + N-benzoylanthranilate Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are benzoyl-CoA and anthranilate, whereas its two products are CoA and N-benzoylanthranilate. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups. The systematic name A systematic name is a name given in a systematic way to one unique group, organism, object or chemical substance, out of a specific population or collection. Systematic names are usually part of a nomenclature. A semisystematic name or semitrivi ... of this enzyme class is benzoyl-CoA:anthranilate N-benzoyltransferase. References * EC 2.3.1 Enzymes of unknown structure Anthranilates {{2.3-enzyme-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2alpha-hydroxytaxane 2-O-benzoyltransferase
In enzymology, a 2alpha-hydroxytaxane 2-O-benzoyltransferase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :benzoyl-CoA + 10-deacetyl-2-debenzoylbaccatin III \rightleftharpoons CoA + 10-deacetylbaccatin III Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are benzoyl-CoA and 10-deacetyl-2-debenzoylbaccatin III, whereas its two products are CoA and 10-deacetylbaccatin III. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups. The systematic name A systematic name is a name given in a systematic way to one unique group, organism, object or chemical substance, out of a specific population or collection. Systematic names are usually part of a nomenclature. A semisystematic name or semitrivi ... of this enzyme class is benzoyl-CoA:taxan-2alpha-ol O-benzoyltransferase. This enzyme is also called benzoyl-CoA:taxane 2alpha-O-benzoyltransferase. This enzyme participates in diterpenoid biosynthesis. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benzoyl-CoA 3-monooxygenase
In enzymology, a benzoyl-CoA 3-monooxygenase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: :benzoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ + O2 \rightleftharpoons 3-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA + NADP+ + H2O The 4 substrates of this enzyme are benzoyl-CoA, NADPH, H+, and O2, whereas its 3 products are 3-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA, NADP+, and H2O. This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2 with NADH or NADPH as one donor, and incorporation of one atom o oxygen into the other donor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is benzoyl-CoA,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating). This enzyme is also called benzoyl-CoA 3-hydroxylase. The enzyme is found in Pseudomonas ''Pseudomonas'' is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the family Pseudomonadaceae in the class Gammaproteobacteria. The 348 members of the genus demonstra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
