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Beile
The Qing dynasty (1644–1912) of China developed a complicated peerage system for royal and noble ranks. Rule of inheritance In principle, titles were downgraded one grade for each generation of inheritance. * Direct imperial princes with the ''Eight Privileges'' were downgraded for four generations, after which the title can be inherited without further downgrades. * Direct imperial princes without the ''Eight Privileges'' were downgraded until the rank of ''feng'en jiangjun'', which then became perpetual. * Cadet line imperial princes and lords were downgraded until they reached ''feng'en jiangjun'', which could be further inherited three times before the title expired completely. * For non-imperial peers, the title could be downgraded to ''en jiwei'' before becoming perpetually heritable. Occasionally, a peer could be granted the privilege of ''shixi wangti'' ( zh, t=世襲罔替, p=shìxí wǎngtì, labels=no; "perpetual heritability"), which allowed the title to be pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hong Taiji
Hong Taiji (28 November 1592 – 21 September 1643), also rendered as Huang Taiji and sometimes referred to as Abahai in Western literature, also known by his temple name as the Emperor Taizong of Qing, was the second khan of the Later Jin dynasty and the founding emperor of the Qing dynasty. He was responsible for consolidating the empire that his father Nurhaci had founded and laid the groundwork for the conquest of the Ming dynasty, although he died before this was accomplished. He was also responsible for changing the name of the Jurchens to "Manchu" in 1635, and changing the name of his dynasty from "Great Jin" to "Great Qing" in 1636. Names and titles It is unclear whether "Hong Taiji" was a title or a personal name. Written ''Hong taiji'' in Manchu, it was borrowed from the Mongolian title '' Khong Tayiji''. That Mongolian term was itself derived from the Chinese ''huang taizi'' 皇太子 ("crown prince", "imperial prince"), but in Mongolian it meant, among other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daišan
Daišan (Manchu: ; 19 August 1583 – 25 November 1648) was an influential Manchu prince and statesman of the Qing dynasty. Family background Daišan was born in the Manchu Aisin Gioro clan as the second son of Nurhaci, the founder of the Qing dynasty. His mother was Nurhaci's first consort, Lady Tunggiya (佟佳氏). He was an older half-brother of Nurhaci's successor, Hong Taiji. Career Nurhaci's reign During Nurhaci's campaign against the Ula clan and its ''beile'' Bujantai in 1607, Daišan distinguished himself on the battlefield by assisting Šurhaci and Cuyen. For his efforts, he was granted the title of "Guyen Baturu" () (literally: "exploring hero"). In 1613, Daišan again distinguished himself on the battlefield in Nurhaci's campaign against the Ula clan. In 1616, when Nurhaci declared himself khan and established the Later Jin dynasty, Daišan was the first selected as '' beile'' of a special rank by Nurhaci to assist in administration. These four ''beile'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qing Dynasty
The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing, was a Manchu-led Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China and an early modern empire in East Asia. The last imperial dynasty in Chinese history, the Qing dynasty was preceded by the Ming dynasty and succeeded by the Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic of China. At its height of power, the empire stretched from the Sea of Japan in the east to the Pamir Mountains in the west, and from the Mongolian Plateau in the north to the South China Sea in the south. Originally emerging from the Later Jin (1616–1636), Later Jin dynasty founded in 1616 and proclaimed in Shenyang in 1636, the dynasty seized control of the Ming capital Beijing and North China in 1644, traditionally considered the start of the dynasty's rule. The dynasty lasted until the Xinhai Revolution of October 1911 led to the abdication of the last emperor in February 1912. The multi-ethnic Qing dynasty Legacy of the Qing dynasty, assembled the territoria ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kangxi Emperor
The Kangxi Emperor (4 May 165420 December 1722), also known by his temple name Emperor Shengzu of Qing, personal name Xuanye, was the third emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the second Qing emperor to rule over China proper. His reign of 61 years makes him the longest-reigning emperor in Chinese history and one of the longest-reigning rulers in history. He is considered one of China's greatest emperors. The third son of the Shunzhi Emperor, Kangxi was enthroned at the age of seven while actual power was held for six more years by the four regents nominated by his father. After assuming personal rule, Kangxi's attempt to revoke the fiefdoms of feudal princes sparked the Revolt of the Three Feudatories, which he suppressed. He also forced the Kingdom of Tungning in Taiwan and Mongols in the north and northwest to submit to Qing rule, and launched an expedition that incorporated Tibet into the empire. Domestically, he initially welcomed the Jesuits and the propagation of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang
Bumbutai (; mnc, m= ; zh, 布木布泰; 28 March 1613 – 27 January 1688), of the Khorchin Mongol Borjigit clan, was the consort of Hong Taiji. She was 21 years his junior. She was honoured as Empress Dowager Zhaosheng during the reign of her son, Fulin, the Shunzhi Emperor, and as Grand Empress Dowager Zhaosheng during the reign of her grandson, Xuanye, the Kangxi Emperor. As empress dowager and grand empress dowager, she had significant influence in the Qing imperial court and was highly respected for her political wisdom and insight. After her death, she was posthumously honoured with the title Empress Xiaozhuangwen, although she never held the rank of empress consort during her lifetime. Life Family background * Father: Zhaisang (), held the title of a first rank prince () ** Paternal grandfather: Manggusi (), held the title of a first rank prince () ** Paternal aunt: Empress Xiaoduanwen (1599–1649) * Mother: Boli (; d. 1654) * Four elder brothers * One elder si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yongcheng (prince)
Yongcheng (, 21 February 1739 - 5 April 1777) was an imperial prince of Qing Dynasty. Life Yongcheng was born on 21 February 1739 as the Qianlong Emperor's fourth son. His mother, Imperial Noble Consort Shujia, was entitled "Concubine Jia" at that time. In 1763, Qianlong Emperor decided to adopt him into Prince Lü peerage as a grandson of Yuntao, Kangxi Emperor's 12th son because all the children of the prince Lüyi died prematurely. Yongcheng held the title Prince Lü of the Second Rank until his death on 5 April 1777. He was posthumously honoured as Prince Lü Duan of the First Rank (履端親王; meaning "implementing in a dignified way") in 1799. Family Primary Consort * Imperial Princess Consort Luduan, of the Niohuru clan (履端亲王福晋 钮祜禄氏; 1751-1754)Titles: Primary Consort of the Fourth Prince (皇四子嫡福晋), ''Primary'' ''Consort of Prince Lu of the Second Rank'' (履郡王福晋), ''Imperial Princess Consort Luduan'' (履端亲王福晋) * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wanyan
The Wanyan (; Manchu: ''Wanggiyan''; Jurchen script: ), alternatively rendered as Wanggiya, was a clan of the Heishui Mohe tribe living in the drainage region of the Heilong River during the time of the Khitan-led Liao dynasty. Of the Heishui Mohe, the clan was counted by the Liao dynasty among the "uncivilized Jurchens" (生女真), indicating that the clan was not subject to the direct rule of the Liao emperors. Those Heishui Mohe clans ruled by the Liao dynasty were referred to as "civilized Jurchens" (熟女真). The Wanyan clan later founded the Jin dynasty. Origins There is no dated evidence of the Jurchens before the time of Wugunai (1021-74), when the Jurchens began to coalesce into a nation-like federation. According to tradition passed down via oral transmission, Wugunai was the 6th generation descendant of Hanpu, the founder of the Wanyan clan, who therefore must have lived around the year 900. Hanpu originally came from the Heishui Mohe tribe of Balhae. Acc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yongxuan
Yongxuan (永璇; 31 August 1746 – 1 September 1832) was a Qing Dynasty imperial prince and Qianlong Emperor's eighth son. Life Yongxuan was born on 31 August 1746 at the Palace of Eternal Spring in the Forbidden City. His mother was Noble Consort Jia. He was described as a womanizer and was prone to indulge himself in alcohol. 沉湎酒色，又有腳病。Indulge in wine, as well as having a foot disease. In 1775, he took part in the funeral of Empress Xiaoyichun together with his consorts. In 1777, he participated in the funeral of his elder brother, Yongcheng. Yongxuan was granted the title Prince Yi of the Second Rank in 1779. Prince was elevated to Prince Yi of the First Rank in 1797. In 1799, after Heshen's downfall, he was tasked with overseeing a Ministry of Personnel. Yongxuan died on 1 September 1832, having lived 86 years. Thus, Yongxuan became longest living Qing dynasty imperial prince. He was posthumously honoured as Prince Yishen of the First Rank (, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wang Yuying
Wang Yuying (; died 1805) was a consort of Yongxuan, Qianlong Emperor's 8th son. Her family belonged to Han Chinese Plain Yellow Banner. Life It is not known neither when was Lady Wang born nor when she entered the Manor of Prince Yi as a servant. In 1768, she gave birth to Mianzhi, Yongxuan's first son. At that time, she was awarded a title of mistress. In 1769, Wang Yuying gave birth to the first daughter, later honoured as Lady of the Second Rank. In 1772, she birthed the second daughter, who would die prematurely in 1774. That same year, she birthed the third daughter, who would die prematurely in 1776. In 1775, she gave birth to the second son, Mianmao, who would die prematurely in 1777. In July 1785, her sole surviving daughter married Barin Mongolian prince Gongsaishang'a of the Borjigin clan. Wang Yuying died in 1805 and was posthumously honoured as secondary consort. Issue * Prince Yishun of the Second Rank Mianzhi ({{Lang, zh, 仪顺郡王 绵志), first son * ''M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Empress Xiaodexian
Empress Xiaodexian (12 April 1831 – 24 January 1850), of the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner Sakda clan, was a consort of the Xianfeng Emperor. Life Family background Empress Xiaodexian's personal name was not recorded in history. Her family originally belonged to the Bordered Blue Banner. * Father: Futai (), served as a fourth rank literary official () in the Court of Imperial Sacrifices, and held the title of a duke () ** Paternal grandfather: Qichang () ** Paternal grandmother: Lady Nara * Mother: Lady Aisin Gioro ** Maternal grandfather: Ulgungga (; 1778–1846), held the title Prince Zheng of the First Rank from 1794–1846, Jirgalang's great great great great grandson ** Maternal uncle: Duanhua (1807–1861), held the title Prince Zheng of the First Rank from 1846–1861, the maternal grandfather of Empress Xiaozheyi (1854–1875) * One sister * One younger brother Daoguang era The future Empress Xiaodexian was born on the first day of the third lunar month in the 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yizhu
The Xianfeng Emperor (17 July 1831 – 22 August 1861), also known by his temple name Emperor Wenzong of Qing, personal name Yizhu, was the eighth emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the seventh Qing emperor to rule over China proper. During his reign, the Qing dynasty experienced several wars and rebellions including the Taiping Rebellion, the Nian Rebellion, and the Second Opium War. He was the last Chinese emperor to exercise sole power. The fourth son of the Daoguang Emperor, he assumed the throne in 1850 and inherited an empire in crisis. A few months after his ascension, the Taiping Rebellion broke out in southern China and rapidly spread, culminating in the fall of Nanjing in 1853. Contemporaneously, the Nian Rebellion began in the north, followed by ethnic uprisings (the Miao Rebellion and the Panthay Rebellion) in the south. The revolts ravaged large parts of the country, caused millions of deaths and would not be quelled until well into the reign of the Xianfeng Emperor' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Empress Xiaomucheng
Empress Xiaomucheng (1781 – 17 February 1808), of the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner Niohuru clan, was a consort of the Daoguang Emperor. Life Family background Empress Xiaomucheng's personal name was not recorded in history. * Father: Buyandalai (; d. 1801), served as the Minister of Revenue from 1799–1801, and held the title of a third class duke () ** Paternal grandfather: Arigūn (; d. 1769), Ebilun's grandson ** Paternal great uncle: Necin (訥親; d. 1749), served as Minister of War until 1749 ** Paternal uncle: Fengšengge (豐昇額, d.1777), served as the Minister of War in 1770 and Minister of Revenue in 1773 Jiaqing era On 22 December 1796, Lady Niohuru married Minning, the second son of the Jiaqing Emperor, and became his primary consort. She died on 17 February 1808 and was interred in the Eastern Qing tombs. Daoguang era The Jiaqing Emperor died on 2 September 1820 and was succeeded by Minning, who was enthroned as the Daoguang Emperor. Lady Niohuru w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
