|
Batoprazine
Batoprazine is a drug of the phenylpiperazine class which has been described as a serenic or antiaggressive agent. It acts as a 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptor agonist. It is closely related to eltoprazine, fluprazine, and naphthylpiperazine, of which possess similar actions and effects. See also * List of investigational aggression drugs This is a list of investigational aggression drugs, or drugs that are currently under development for clinical use in the treatment of aggression but are not yet approved. Drugs used to treat aggression may also be known as "serenics". ''Chemica ... References {{Piperazines Serotonin receptor agonists Coumarin drugs 1-Piperazinyl compounds ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serenic
A serenic, or anti-aggressive drug, is a type of drug which reduces the capacity for aggression. Examples Serotonergic agents The recreational drug MDMA ("ecstasy") and a variety of related drugs have been described as '' empathogen-entactogens'', or simply as ''entactogens''. These agents possess serenic and empathy-increasing properties in addition to their euphoriant effects, and have been associated with increased sociability, friendliness, and feelings of closeness to others as well as emotional empathy and prosocial behavior. The entactogenic effects of these drugs are thought to be related to their ability to temporarily increase the levels of certain brain chemicals, including serotonin, dopamine, and, particularly, oxytocin. Certain other serotonergic drugs, such as 5-HT1A receptor agonists, also increase oxytocin levels and may possess serenic properties as well. The phenylpiperazine mixed 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptor agonists eltoprazine, fluprazine, and batop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eltoprazine
Eltoprazine (developmental code name DU-28,853) is a Serotonin, serotonergic drug of the phenylpiperazine class which is described as a serenic, or anti-aggressive agent. It acts as an agonist of the serotonin 5-HT1A, 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B, 5-HT1B receptors and as an antagonist of the serotonin 5-HT2C, 5-HT2C receptor. The drug is closely related to fluprazine and batoprazine, which are similarly acting agents, and is also a known precursor (chemistry), chemical precursor to S-15535 and lecozotan. Eltoprazine was first described in the scientific literature by 1987.Olivier, B., Mos, J., Heyden, V. D. J. A., Zethof, T., Aken, V. H., Oorschot, V. R., & Ramirez, J. M. (1987). Effects of DU 28853, a new serenic drug, in several experimental models for aggression. Research on Aggression, 93. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=5474933454486255245Schipper, J., Olivier, B., Mos, J., Tulp, M. T. M., Sijbesma, H., & Bevan, P. (1987). Eltoprazine (DU 28853): Effects on aggressive behavi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fluprazine
Fluprazine (developmental code name DU-27,716) is a drug of the phenylpiperazine class. It is a so-called serenic or antiaggressive agent. It is closely related to several other piperazines, including eltoprazine and batoprazine, and TFMPP, as well as more distantly to the azapirones such as buspirone. The pharmacology of fluprazine is unknown, but it is likely to act as an agonist at the 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptors like its sister compound eltoprazine. See also * List of investigational aggression drugs This is a list of investigational aggression drugs, or drugs that are currently under development for clinical use in the treatment of aggression but are not yet approved. Drugs used to treat aggression may also be known as "serenics". ''Chemica ... References {{Piperazines meta-Trifluoromethylphenylpiperazines Serotonin receptor agonists Ureas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Investigational Aggression Drugs
This is a list of investigational aggression drugs, or drugs that are currently under development for clinical use in the treatment of aggression but are not yet approved. Drugs used to treat aggression may also be known as "serenics". ''Chemical/generic names are listed first, with developmental code names, synonyms, and brand names in parentheses.'' This list was last comprehensively updated in February 2025. It is likely to become outdated with time. Under development Phase 3 * Molindone (AFX 2201; EN-1733A; -810; SPN-810M; Zalvari) – antipsychotic (non-selective monoamine receptor modulator) – specifically for aggression in children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Phase 2 * Vafidemstat (ORY-2001) – lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1; KDM1A) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitor Preclinical * SRX251 – vasopressin V1A receptor antagonist – no recent development since 2007 Not under development No development reported * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serotonin Receptor Agonists
A serotonin receptor agonist is an agonist of one or more serotonin receptors. They activate serotonin receptors in a manner similar to that of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT), a neurotransmitter and hormone and the endogenous ligand of the serotonin receptors. Non-selective agonists Serotonergic psychedelics such as tryptamines (e.g., psilocybin, psilocin, , 5-MeO-DMT, bufotenin), lysergamides (e.g., , ergine ()), phenethylamines (e.g., mescaline, 2C-B, 25I-NBOMe), and amphetamines (e.g., , ) are non-selective agonists of serotonin receptors. Their hallucinogenic effects are specifically mediated by activation of the 5-HT2A receptor. Drugs that increase extracellular serotonin levels such as serotonin reuptake inhibitors (e.g., fluoxetine, venlafaxine), serotonin releasing agents (e.g., fenfluramine, ), and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (e.g., phenelzine, moclobemide) are indirect non-selective serotonin receptor agonists. They are used variously as an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drug
A drug is any chemical substance other than a nutrient or an essential dietary ingredient, which, when administered to a living organism, produces a biological effect. Consumption of drugs can be via insufflation (medicine), inhalation, drug injection, injection, smoking, ingestion, absorption (skin), absorption via a dermal patch, patch on the skin, suppository, or sublingual administration, dissolution under the tongue. In pharmacology, a drug is a chemical substance, typically of known structure, which, when administered to a living organism, produces a biological effect. A pharmaceutical drug, also called a medication or medicine, is a chemical substance used to pharmacotherapy, treat, cure, preventive healthcare, prevent, or medical diagnosis, diagnose a disease or to promote well-being. Traditionally drugs were obtained through extraction from medicinal plants, but more recently also by organic synthesis. Pharmaceutical drugs may be used for a limited duration, or on a re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phenylpiperazine
1-Phenylpiperazine (1-PP or PP) is a simple chemical compound and drug featuring a phenyl group bound to a piperazine ring. The suffix ‘-piprazole’ is sometimes used in the names of drugs to indicate they belong to this class. It is a rigid analogue of amphetamine. Similarly to amphetamine, 1-PP is a monoamine releasing agent, with values for monoamine release of 186nM for norepinephrine, 880nM for serotonin, and 2,530nM for dopamine. Based on the preceding values, it is about 4.7-fold less potent in releasing serotonin than norepinephrine and about 13.6-fold less potent in releasing dopamine than norepinephrine. Hence, 1-PP is a modestly selective norepinephrine releasing agent (NRA), or could alternatively be thought of as an imbalanced serotonin–norepinephrine releasing agent (SNRA) or serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA). Other homologues and rigid analogues of amphetamine besides 1-PP include 2-aminotetralin (2-AT), 2-amino-1,2-dihydrona ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aggressive
Aggression is behavior aimed at opposing or attacking something or someone. Though often done with the intent to cause harm, some might channel it into creative and practical outlets. It may occur either reactively or without provocation. In humans, aggression can be caused by various triggers. For example, built-up frustration due to blocked goals or perceived disrespect. Human aggression can be classified into direct and indirect aggression; while the former is characterized by physical or verbal behavior intended to cause harm to someone, the latter is characterized by behavior intended to harm the social relations of an individual or group. In definitions commonly used in the social sciences and behavioral sciences, aggression is an action or response by an individual that delivers something unpleasant to another person. Some definitions include that the individual must intend to harm another person. In an interdisciplinary perspective, aggression is regarded as "an ensemb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
5-HT1A Receptor
The serotonin 1A receptor (or 5-HT1A receptor) is a subtype of serotonin receptors, or 5-HT receptors, that binds serotonin, also known as 5-HT, a neurotransmitter. 5-HT1A is expressed in the brain, spleen, and neonatal kidney. It is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), coupled to the Gi protein, and its activation in the brain mediates hyperpolarization and reduction of firing rate of the postsynaptic neuron. In humans, the serotonin 1A receptor is encoded by the HTR1A gene. Distribution The 5-HT1A receptor is the most widespread of all the 5-HT receptors. In the central nervous system, 5-HT1A receptors exist in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, Septum pellucidum, septum, amygdala, and Raphe nuclei, raphe nucleus in high densities, while low amounts also exist in the basal ganglia and thalamus. The 5-HT1A receptors in the raphe nucleus are largely somatodendritic autoreceptors, whereas those in other areas such as the hippocampus are postsynaptic receptors. Function Neur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
5-HT1B Receptor
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B also known as the 5-HT1B receptor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''HTR1B'' gene. The 5-HT1B receptor is a 5-HT receptor subtype. Tissue distribution and function 5-HT1B receptors are widely distributed throughout the central nervous system with the highest concentrations found in the frontal cortex, basal ganglia, striatum, and the hippocampus. The function of the 5-HT1B receptor differs depending upon its location. In the frontal cortex, it is believed to act as a terminal receptor inhibiting the release of dopamine. In the basal ganglia and the striatum, evidence suggests 5-HT signaling acts on an autoreceptor, inhibiting the release of serotonin and decreasing glutamatergic transmission by reducing miniature excitatory postsynaptic potential (mEPSP) frequency, respectively. In the hippocampus, a recent study has demonstrated that activation of postsynaptic 5-HT1B heteroreceptors produces a facilitation in excitatory synapt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agonist
An agonist is a chemical that activates a Receptor (biochemistry), receptor to produce a biological response. Receptors are Cell (biology), cellular proteins whose activation causes the cell to modify what it is currently doing. In contrast, an Receptor antagonist, antagonist blocks the action of the agonist, while an inverse agonist causes an action opposite to that of the agonist. Etymology The word originates from the Ancient Greek, Greek word (''agōnistēs''), "contestant; champion; rival" < (''agōn''), "contest, combat; exertion, struggle" < (''agō''), "I lead, lead towards, conduct; drive." Types of agonists Receptor (biochemistry), Receptors can be activated by either endogenous agonists (such as hormones and neurotransmitters) or exogenous agonists (such as medication, drugs), resulting in a biological response. A physiological agonism an ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naphthylpiperazine
Naphthylpiperazine (NP) may refer to: * 1-(1-Naphthyl)piperazine (1-NP) * 1-(2-Naphthyl)piperazine (2-NP) Arylpiperazines Naphthalenes {{Short pages monitor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
