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Azotobacter
''Azotobacter'' is a genus of usually motile, oval or spherical bacteria that form thick-walled cysts (and also has hard crust) and may produce large quantities of capsular slime. They are aerobic, free-living soil microbes that play an important role in the nitrogen cycle in nature, binding atmospheric nitrogen, which is inaccessible to plants, and releasing it in the form of ammonium ions into the soil (nitrogen fixation). In addition to being a model organism for studying diazotrophs, it is used by humans for the production of biofertilizers, food additives, and some biopolymers. The first representative of the genus, '' Azotobacter chroococcum'', was discovered and described in 1901 by Dutch microbiologist and botanist Martinus Beijerinck. ''Azotobacter'' species are Gram-negative bacteria found in neutral and alkaline soils, in water, and in association with some plants. Biological characteristics Morphology Cells of the genus ''Azotobacter'' are relatively large fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azotobacter Agilis
''Azotobacter'' is a genus of usually Motility, motile, oval or spherical bacteria that form thick-walled cysts (and also has hard crust) and may produce large quantities of capsular Mucus, slime. They are aerobic, free-living soil Microorganism, microbes that play an important role in the nitrogen cycle in nature, binding atmospheric nitrogen, which is inaccessible to plants, and releasing it in the form of ammonium ions into the soil (nitrogen fixation). In addition to being a model organism for studying diazotrophs, it is used by humans for the production of biofertilizers, food additives, and some biopolymers. The first representative of the genus, ''Azotobacter chroococcum'', was discovered and described in 1901 by Dutch microbiologist and botanist Martinus Beijerinck. ''Azotobacter'' species are Gram-negative bacteria found in neutral and alkaline soils, in water, and in association with some plants. Biological characteristics Morphology Cell (biology), Cells of the genus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azotobacter Beijerinckii
''Azotobacter'' is a genus of usually motile, oval or spherical bacteria that form thick-walled cysts (and also has hard crust) and may produce large quantities of capsular slime. They are aerobic, free-living soil microbes that play an important role in the nitrogen cycle in nature, binding atmospheric nitrogen, which is inaccessible to plants, and releasing it in the form of ammonium ions into the soil (nitrogen fixation). In addition to being a model organism for studying diazotrophs, it is used by humans for the production of biofertilizers, food additives, and some biopolymers. The first representative of the genus, '' Azotobacter chroococcum'', was discovered and described in 1901 by Dutch microbiologist and botanist Martinus Beijerinck. ''Azotobacter'' species are Gram-negative bacteria found in neutral and alkaline soils, in water, and in association with some plants. Biological characteristics Morphology Cells of the genus ''Azotobacter'' are relatively large for bacte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azotobacter Beijerinckii NRRL B-14640 (Type Strain)
''Azotobacter'' is a genus of usually Motility, motile, oval or spherical bacteria that form thick-walled cysts (and also has hard crust) and may produce large quantities of capsular Mucus, slime. They are aerobic, free-living soil Microorganism, microbes that play an important role in the nitrogen cycle in nature, binding atmospheric nitrogen, which is inaccessible to plants, and releasing it in the form of ammonium ions into the soil (nitrogen fixation). In addition to being a model organism for studying diazotrophs, it is used by humans for the production of biofertilizers, food additives, and some biopolymers. The first representative of the genus, ''Azotobacter chroococcum'', was discovered and described in 1901 by Dutch microbiologist and botanist Martinus Beijerinck. ''Azotobacter'' species are Gram-negative bacteria found in neutral and alkaline soils, in water, and in association with some plants. Biological characteristics Morphology Cell (biology), Cells of the genus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azotobacter Armeniacus
''Azotobacter'' is a genus of usually motile, oval or spherical bacteria that form thick-walled cysts (and also has hard crust) and may produce large quantities of capsular slime. They are aerobic, free-living soil microbes that play an important role in the nitrogen cycle in nature, binding atmospheric nitrogen, which is inaccessible to plants, and releasing it in the form of ammonium ions into the soil (nitrogen fixation). In addition to being a model organism for studying diazotrophs, it is used by humans for the production of biofertilizers, food additives, and some biopolymers. The first representative of the genus, '' Azotobacter chroococcum'', was discovered and described in 1901 by Dutch microbiologist and botanist Martinus Beijerinck. ''Azotobacter'' species are Gram-negative bacteria found in neutral and alkaline soils, in water, and in association with some plants. Biological characteristics Morphology Cells of the genus ''Azotobacter'' are relatively large for bacte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azotobacter Salinestris
''Azotobacter salinestris'' is a Gram-negative, nitrogen-fixing bacterium; its specific name, ''salinestris'', comes from the Latin words ''salinus'' meaning saline and ''estris'' which means "living in".Page, and Shivprasad. "ITIS Standard Report Page: Azotobacter Salinestris." ITIS Standard Report Page: Azotobacter Salinestris. N.p., 1991. Web. 8 Feb. 2016. It can be found living in soil or marine habitats as single cells or in chains of six to eight cells. This organism is motile at younger stages, but loses its flagella at older stages. This species is known for its potential use in bioremediation. Isolation William J. Page and Shailaja Shivprasad isolated ''A. salinestris'' from saline soils. The colonies used for their study were first taken from air-dried surface soil from Alberta, Canada. The soil was inoculated into a Burk nitrogen-free mineral-salt medium, which contained 1% glucose and 0.25 micrograms of copper(I) chloride per milliliter of solution. The medium wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azotobacter Vinelandii
''Azotobacter vinelandii'' is Gram-negative diazotroph that can fix nitrogen while grown aerobically. These bacteria are easily cultured and grown. ''A. vinelandii'' is a free-living N2 fixer known to produce many phytohormones and vitamins in soils. It produces fluorescent pyoverdine pigments. Nitrogenase The nitrogenase holoenzyme of ''A. vinelandii'' has been characterised by X-ray crystallography in both ADP tetrafluoroaluminate-bound and Mg ATP-bound states. The enzyme possesses molybdenum iron-sulfido cluster cofactors (FeMoco) as active sites, each bearing two pseudocubic iron-sulfido structures. Applications It is a genetically tractable system that is used to study nitrogen fixation. Genetically engineered strains can produce significantly higher amounts of ammonia. Appropriate ammonia emissions can provide crops with the ammonia they need without excess amounts that can pollute lakes and oceans. ''A. vinelandii'' also produces significant amounts of alginat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azotobacter Chroococcum
''Azotobacter chroococcum'' is a bacterium that has the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen. It was discovered by Martinus Beijerinck in 1901, and was the first aerobic, free-living nitrogen fixer discovered. ''A. chroococcum'' could be useful for nitrogen fixation in crops as a biofertilizer, fungicide, and nutrient indicator, and in bioremediation. Characteristics ''A. chroococcum'' is a microaerophilic plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGRP), which is bacillus in shape and is Gram negative. As a mesophile, this bacterium grows best in moderate-temperature soils and requires a neutral pH environment. It is able to fix nitrogen under aerobic conditions. The soil cannot be poor in phosphorus or else nitrogen fixing can be hindered. In addition to phosphorus, these bacteria needed potassium, "sulphur, magnesium, and calcium" to grow. To fix nitrogen ''A. chroococcum'' produces three enzymes (catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase) to "neutralise" reactive oxygen s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biofertilizer
A biofertilizer is a substance containing living micro-organisms which, when applied to seeds, plant surfaces, or soil, colonize the rhizosphere or the interior of the plant and promotes growth by increasing the supply or availability of primary nutrients to the host plant. Biofertilizers add nutrients through the natural processes of nitrogen fixation, solubilizing phosphorus, and stimulating plant growth through the synthesis of growth-promoting substances. The micro-organisms in biofertilizers restore the soil's natural nutrient cycle and build soil organic matter. Through the use of biofertilizers, healthy plants can be grown, while enhancing the sustainability and the health of the soil. Biofertilizers can be expected to reduce the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, but they are not yet able to replace their use. As of 2024, more than 340 biofertilizer products have been approved for commercial use in the US. Composition Biofertilizers provide "eco-friendly" organi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diazotroph
Diazotrophs are organisms capable of nitrogen fixation, i.e. converting the relatively inert diatomic nitrogen (N2) in Earth's atmosphere into bioavailable compound forms such as ammonia. Diazotrophs are typically microorganisms such as bacteria and archaea, with examples being rhizobia and '' Frankia'' and '' Azospirillum''. All diazotrophs contain iron-molybdenum or iron-vanadium nitrogenase systems, and two of the most studied systems are those of '' Klebsiella pneumoniae'' and '' Azotobacter vinelandii'' due to their genetic tractability and their fast growth. Etymology The word diazotroph is derived from the words ''diazo'' ("di" = two + "azo" = nitrogen) meaning "dinitrogen (N2)" and ''troph'' meaning "pertaining to food or nourishment", in summary dinitrogen utilizing. The word ''azote'' means nitrogen in French and was named by French chemist and biologist Antoine Lavoisier, who saw it as the part of air which cannot sustain life. Types Diazotrophs are scattered across B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nitrogen Fixation
Nitrogen fixation is a chemical process by which molecular dinitrogen () is converted into ammonia (). It occurs both biologically and abiological nitrogen fixation, abiologically in chemical industry, chemical industries. Biological nitrogen fixation or ''diazotrophy'' is catalyzed by enzymes called nitrogenases. These enzyme complexes are encoded by the Nif gene, ''Nif'' genes (or ''Nif'' homologs) and contain iron, often with a second metal (usually molybdenum, but sometimes vanadium). Some nitrogen-fixing bacteria have symbiotic relationships with plants, especially legumes, mosses and aquatic ferns such as ''Azolla''. Looser non-symbiotic relationships between diazotrophs and plants are often referred to as associative, as seen in nitrogen fixation on rice roots. Nitrogen fixation occurs between some termites and fungus, fungi. It occurs naturally in the air by means of NOx, NOx production by lightning. Fixed nitrogen is essential to life on Earth. Organic compounds such ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
