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Archosauriformes
Archosauriformes ( Greek for 'ruling lizards', and Latin for 'form') is a clade of diapsid reptiles that developed from archosauromorph ancestors some time in the Latest Permian (roughly 252 million years ago). It was defined by Jacques Gauthier (1994) as the clade stemming from the last common ancestor of Proterosuchidae and Archosauria (the group that contains crocodiles, pterosaurs and dinosaurs ncluding birds; Phil Senter">bird">ncluding_bird<_a>s.html" ;"title="bird.html" ;"title="ncluding bird">ncluding birds">bird.html" ;"title="ncluding bird">ncluding birds; Phil Senter (2005) defined it as the most exclusive clade containing ''Proterosuchus'' and Archosauria. These reptiles, which include members of the family Proterosuchidae and more advanced forms, were originally superficially crocodile-like animals with sprawling gaits and long snouts. Unlike the bulk of their therapsid contemporaries, the proterosuchids survived the catastrophe at the end o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eorasaurus
''Eorasaurus'' is an extinct genus of archosauromorph reptile known from the middle Late Permian (late Capitanian or early Wuchiapingian age) of Tatarstan, European Russia. It contains a single species, ''Eorasaurus olsoni''. When originally described by Sennikov (1997), ''Eorasaurus'' was identified as an early archosauromorph and assigned to the family Protorosauridae, Ezcurra ''et al.'' (2014) and Ezcurra (2016) later reclassified ''Eorasaurus'' and placed it within the group Archosauriformes. ''Eorasaurus'' is based solely on scant fossil material from the neck region, and is thus considered an unstable taxon in phylogenetic analyses. If ''Eorasaurus'' is an archosauriform, it would be the oldest known member of the group and would pre-date the previous record holder (the proterosuchid ''Archosaurus''). Discovery ''Eorasaurus'' was named by Andrey G. Sennikov in 1997. It is known from four specimens representing a single individual, PIN 156/108 through PIN 156/111. These ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euparkeria
''Euparkeria'' (; meaning "Parker's good animal", named in honor of W.K. Parker) is an extinct genus of archosauriform from the Middle Triassic of South Africa. It was a small reptile that lived between 245-230 million years ago, and was close to the ancestry of Archosauria, the group that includes dinosaurs, pterosaurs, birds and crocodilians. ''Euparkeria'' had hind limbs that were slightly longer than its forelimbs, which has been taken as evidence that it may have been able to rear up on its hind legs as a facultative biped. Although ''Euparkeria'' is close to the ancestry of fully bipedal archosaurs such as early dinosaurs, it probably developed bipedalism independently. ''Euparkeria'' was not as well adapted to bipedal locomotion as dinosaurs and its normal movement was probably more analogous to a crocodilian high walk. Palaeobiology Locomotion The hind limbs of ''Euparkeria'' are somewhat longer than its forelimbs, which has led many researchers to conclude that it c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erythrosuchidae
Erythrosuchidae (meaning "red crocodiles" in Greek) are a family of large basal archosauriform carnivores that lived from the later Early Triassic (Olenekian) to the early Middle Triassic (Anisian). Naming The family Erythrosuchidae was named by David Meredith Seares Watson in 1917.D.M.S. Watson. 1917. "A sketch classification of the Pre-Jurassic tetrapod vertebrates". ''Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London'' 1917: 167–186 Description They were the apex predators of their day, with lengths of to almost . Their fossil remains are known to date from South Africa (Beaufort Group of the Karoo Basin), China, India and European Russia, from the Early to Middle Triassic. Erythrosuchids were unusually large and robust archosauromorphs. Several features set them apart from other archosauriformes and are also seen in later, more derived archosaurs. For example, they lack teeth on the palate, which are found in other early archosauriformes, such as '' Doswellia'' and eupa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barberenasuchus
''Barberenasuchus'' is an extinct genus of an archosauriform. Fossils (poorly preserved skull and axis vertebra) have been found from the Santa Maria Formation of southern Brazil of Late Triassic age. Its phylogenetic position within Archosauriformes is uncertain; the author of its description classified it as a sphenosuchid crocodylomorph,Mattar, L.C.B. 1987. Descrição osteólogica do crânio e segunda vértebrata cervical de Barberenasuchus brasiliensis Mattar, 1987 (Reptilia, Thecodontia) do Mesotriássico do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Anais, Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 61: 319–333. while Kischlat (2000) considered it to be a rauisuchian. Irmis, Nesbitt and Sues (2013) stated that they "could not find any crocodylomorph character states preserved in the holotype specimen". Based on the presence of an antorbital fenestra the authors assigned ''Barberenasuchus'' to Archosauriformes, but stated that without further preparation and study it is not possible to assign it t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proterosuchidae
Proterosuchidae is an early family of basal archosauriforms whose fossils are known from the Latest Permian and the Early Triassic of Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia and possibly South America. The name comes from Greek πρότερο- ("first") and σοῦχος ("crocodile"). Description They were slender, medium-sized (about long, largest specimens reached ), long-snouted and superficially crocodile-like animals, although they lacked the armoured scutes of true crocodiles, and their skeletal features are much more primitive. The limbs are short and indicate a sprawling posture, like contemporary lizards but unlike most later archosaurs. Their most characteristic feature is a distinct down-turning of the premaxilla (the front of the upper jaw, which overhangs the lower jaw). Evolutionary history The terminal Permian catastrophe, which killed off 95% of all types of life, cleared the world of all large therapsids and allowed the proterosuchids to become the top predators. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wangisuchus
''Wangisuchus'' is an extinct genus of archosauriform reptile from the Middle Triassic of China that is known from fragmentary fossil jaw bones. These bones were found at the Hsishihwa locality in the upper Ermaying Formation, which dates to the late Anisian stage about 242 million years ago. ''Wangisuchus'' was named in 1964 by Chinese paleontologist Yang Zhongjian, who described a single species, ''Wangisuchus tzeyii'', on the basis of these bones. Classification Yang classified ''Wangisuchus'' in the family Euparkeriidae, which also includes the much better known ''Euparkeria'' from the Early Triassic of South Africa. He diagnosed ''Wangisuchus'' by the following characters: long and low shape of the maxilla; pointed posterior process of the maxilla; rounded anterior margin of the maxilla; thecodont tooth implantation; crurotarsal (crocodile-like) structure of the ankle. Later authors noted that a calcaneum, or ankle bone, referred to ''Wangisuchus'' by Yang more closely rese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Collilongus
''Collilongus'' (meaning "long neck") is an extinct genus of small archosauriform, possibly a rauisuchian, known from Early Triassic (Olenekian age) rocks of Czatkowice 1, Poland. It was first named by Magdalena Borsuk−Białynicka; and Andriej G. Sennikov in 2009. The type and only known species is ''Collilongus rarus''. It is a rare component of the Czatkowice 1 fauna, known only from vertebrae. ''Collilongus'' was a contemporary of the more common archosauriform ''Osmolskina left, 210px, Fossil elements. ''Osmolskina'' is a genus of archosauriform reptile which lived during the Early Triassic in what is now Poland. The type species, ''Osmolskina czatkowicensis'', was described by Magdalena Borsuk−Białynicka and ...''. References Early Triassic reptiles of Europe Prehistoric archosauriforms Fossil taxa described in 2009 Fossils of Poland Prehistoric reptile genera {{triassic-reptile-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asperoris
''Asperoris'' is an extinct genus of archosauriform reptile known from the Middle Triassic Manda Beds of southwestern Tanzania. It is the first archosauriform known from the Manda Beds that is not an archosaur. However, its relationships with other non-archosaurian archosauriforms are uncertain. It was first named by Sterling J. Nesbitt, Richard J. Butler and David J. Gower in 2013 in paleontology, 2013 and the type species is ''Asperoris mnyama''. ''Asperoris'' means "rough face" in Latin, referring to the distinctive rough texture of its skull bones. Discovery ''Asperoris'' is known solely from the well-preserved but incomplete holotype skull NHMUK PV R36615, which includes the right premaxilla and maxilla bones of the upper jaw, the right nasal bone, nasal, prefrontal bone, prefrontal, frontal bone, frontal, postfrontal bone, postfrontal, and parietal bones of the top of the skull, and part of the right postorbital bone behind the eye socket, as well as three unidentified sku ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kalisuchus
''Kalisuchus'' ('Kali's crocodile') was a genus of basal archosauriform known from remains unearthed from the Arcadia Formation (Rewan Group) of the Early Triassic of the Crater, Southwest of Rolleston, south central Queensland, Australia. It was named after Kali, the Hindu goddess of destruction, a reference to the very fragmentary nature of its remains. The type species of ''Kalisuchus'' is ''K. rewanensis,'' which refers to the Rewan Group. The Arcadia formation is dated to the Induan age at the very beginning of the Triassic, making ''Kalisuchus'' one of the oldest archosauromorphs known in Australia. Description The holotype of ''Kalisuchus'' is a partial left maxilla, QM F8998. Although many other fragmentary bones from the Arcadia Formation were referred to the genus, the lack of overlap between these bones and the holotype makes these referrals dubious. One of the referred bones, QM F9521, was originally believed to be an unusual jugal but was subsequently interprete ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vjushkovisaurus
''Vjushkovisaurus'' is an extinct genus of Middle Triassic archosauriform. It is known from the Anisian-aged Donguz Gorizont in Sol-Iletsk, Orenburg Oblast, Russia. The genus was named in 1982, with the type species being ''V. berdjanensis''. Material has been collected in the Berdyanka II locality from a fossil assemblage called the '' Eryosuchus'' Fauna along the Berdyanka River, specifically in a sand-carbonate concretion in the upper part of the main river channel. ''Vjushkovisaurus'' is known only from the holotype PIN 2865/62 (formerly SGU 104/3871), a partial postcranial skeleton which consists of 12 presacral vertebrae, left humerus, ribs, a fragment of the coracoid and a fragment of the fibula. Description Most rauisuchids have a crest on the ilium called the supra- acetabular process that overlies the head of the femur, allowing them to have a "pillar-erect" stance. As an early rauisuchid ''Vjushkovisaurus'' lacks this crest, but it does have a small thickening on the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fenhosuchus
''Fenhosuchus'' is an extinct genus of archosauriform. The holotype, IVPP V 2697, and referred materials have been found in the Hsishihwa locality at Wuhsiang, China, from the Upper Ermaying Formation (also Ehrmaying). The locality dates back to the Anisian stage of the Middle Triassic. The genus was named after the Fen River in Shanxi Province from which specimens were found. It may prove to be a chimera being composed of material from several different animals. Some material were believed to represent a rauisuchid. The calcaneum of ''Fenhosuchus'' seems to belong to an erythrosuchid or other basal archosauriform.Gower, D. J. (1996). The tarsus of erythrosuchid archosaurs, and implications for early diapsid phylogeny. ''Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society'' 116:347–375. Much of the material of the tarsal bones seem to be similar to those of the genus ''Shansisuchus''. According to Nesbitt (2009) the assessment of Gower (2000) was correct, the holotype is a mix of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crosbysaurus
''Crosbysaurus'' is a genus of extinct archosauromorph that lived in the Late Triassic of Arizona, New Mexico, North Carolina, Texas, and Utah. It is known from the Chinle Formation and Dockum Group rock units from the southwestern United States. The type species is ''C. harrisae'', and the only known material includes teeth. 11 specimens are known, each including a single tooth. ''Crosbysaurus'' was originally identified as an ornithischian dinosaur by Andrew Heckert when it was first described in 2004. Further work has shown that it is likely an archosauromorph based on the features of its teeth, and it may belong to Archosauriformes. The taxon is likely valid as it differs from other genera from the same region known from teeth like '' Revueltosaurus'', '' Tecovasaurus'', ''Krzyzanowskisaurus'', ''Lucianosaurus'', and '' Protecovasaurus''. Description The teeth of ''Crosbysaurus'' are triangular in outline with serrations Serration is a saw-like appearance or a row ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
