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Aqyn
Aqyn or akyn (, , ; both transcribed as ''aqın'' or ''اقىن''), is an improvisational poet, singer, and oral repository within the Kazakh and Kyrgyz cultures. Aqyns differ from the zhyraus or manaschys, who are instead song performers or epic storytellers. In song competitions known as aytıs or aytysh, aqyns improvise in the form of a song-like recitative, usually to the accompaniment of a dombra (among Kazakhs) or a komuz (among Kyrgyz). In the context of the nomadic lifestyle and illiteracy of most of the rural population in Central Asia in pre-Soviet times, akyns played an important role in terms of expressing people's thoughts and feelings, exposing social vices, and glorifying heroes. In the Soviet era, their repertoire incorporated praise songs to Lenin. Contemporary aqyns may also publish their original lyrics and poetry. Kazakh aqyns Famous historical Kazakh akyns include: Zhanak Kambaruluy (1760–1857), Makhambet Otemisuly (1804–1846), Suyunbai Aronuly (1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Oral Repositories
Oral repositories are people who have been trusted with mentally recording information constituting oral tradition within a society. They serve an important role in oral cultures and illiterate societies as repositories of their culture's traditional knowledge, values, and morals. Roles People termed as "oral repositories" have been likened to "walking libraries", leading to the saying "whenever an old man dies, it is as though a library were burning down". Roles vary, and can be titular, formal or informal, some professional specialists such as the Caucasian '' ashik'', or more commonly amateurs and knowledgeable generalists such as the '' bulaam'' of the Kuba people. Types of information held by oral repositories includes lineages, oral law, mythology, oral literature and oral poetry (of which oral history is often entwined), folk songs and aural tradition, and traditional knowledge. In many indigenous societies, such as Native American and San, these roles are ful ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Improvisation
Improvisation, often shortened to improv, is the activity of making or doing something not planned beforehand, using whatever can be found. The origin of the word itself is in the Latin "improvisus", which literally means un-foreseen. Improvisation in the performing arts is a very spontaneous performance without specific or scripted preparation. The skills of improvisation can apply to many different faculties across all artistic, scientific, physical, cognitive, academic, and non-academic disciplines; see Applied improvisation. Skills and techniques The skills of improvisation can apply to many different abilities or forms of communication and expression across all artistic, scientific, physical, cognitive, academic, and non-academic disciplines. For example, improvisation can make a significant contribution in music, dance, cooking, presenting a speech, sales, personal or romantic relationships, sports, flower arranging, martial arts, psychotherapy, and much more. Technique ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Illiteracy
Literacy is the ability to read and write, while illiteracy refers to an inability to read and write. Some researchers suggest that the study of "literacy" as a concept can be divided into two periods: the period before 1950, when literacy was understood solely as alphabetical literacy (word and letter recognition); and the period after 1950, when literacy slowly began to be considered as a wider concept and process, including the social and cultural aspects of reading, writing, and functional literacy. Definition The range of definitions of literacy used by NGOs, think tanks, and advocacy groups since the 1990s suggests that this shift in understanding from "discrete skill" to "social practice" is both ongoing and uneven. Some definitions remain fairly closely aligned with the traditional "ability to read and write" connotation, whereas others take a broader view: * The 2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy (USA) included "quantitative literacy" ( numeracy) in its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Masterpieces Of The Oral And Intangible Heritage Of Humanity
The Proclamation of Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity was made by the Director-General of UNESCO starting in 2001 to raise awareness of intangible cultural heritage—such traditions, rituals, dance, and knowledge—and urge the protection of the communities that create them. Several manifestations of intangible heritage around the world were awarded the status of ''Masterpieces;'' further proclamations occurred biennially. The status exists to recognize the value of non-material culture, as well as to commit states to promote and safeguard the Masterpieces. In 2008, the 90 declared Masterpieces were incorporated into the new Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity as its first entries. Background UNESCO defines oral and intangible heritage as "the totality of tradition-based creations of a cultural community expressed by a group or individuals and recognized as reflecting the expectations of a community in so far as they refl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kyrgyz Music
Kyrgyz people, Kyrgyz music is nomadic and rural, and is closely related to Turkmenistan, Turkmen and Kazakhstan, Kazakh folk music, folk forms. Kyrgyz folk music is characterized by the use of long, sustained pitches, with Ethnic Russian music, Russian elements also prominent. Traditional music Travelling musicians and shamans called manaschi are popular for their singing and komuz-playing. Their music is typically heroic Epic poetry, epics, such as the most famous story, the ''Epic of Manas, Manas epic'' (20 times longer than Homer's Odyssey), which is the patriotic tale of a warrior named Epic of Manas, Manas, and his descendants, who fight with the Chinese people, Chinese.Broughton, Simon and Sultanova, Razia. "Bards of the Golden Road". 2000. In Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (Ed.), ''World Music, Vol. 2: Latin & North America, Caribbean, India, Asia and Pacific'', pp 24-31. Rough Guides Ltd, Penguin Books. There are modern recit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kazakh Music
Kazakh, Qazaq or Kazakhstani may refer to someone or something related to Kazakhstan: *Kazakhs, an ethnic group *Kazakh language * Kazakh alphabets, Alphabets used to write the Kazakh language * Kazakh Braille, Braille alphabet of the Kazakh language * Kazakh Short U, Cyrillic letter used for Kazakh * Kazakh clothing, Clothing worn by the Kazakh people Culture * Kazakh art * Kazakh cuisine * Kazakh literature * Kazakh wine, Wine making in Kazakhstan * Kazakh Khanate – Golden Throne, 2019 film Places * Kazakh forest steppe * Qazakh Rayon, Azerbaijan * Qazax, Azerbaijan * Kazakh Uyezd, administrative district of Elisabethpol Governorate during Russian rule in Azerbaijan * Khazak, Iran, a village in Fars Province, Iran Other uses * Kazakh Khanate, 1465–1847 Turkic state in Central Asia * Kazakh sultanate, Former state in the Caucasus * Kazakh horse, Horse breed developed by the Kazakh peoples of Asia * Kazakh famine of 1930–1933 The Kazakh famine of 1930–1933, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Togolok Moldo
Togolok Moldo (; real name: Байымбет Абдырахманов, ''Bayymbet Abdyrakhmanov''; 10 June 1860 – 4 January 1942) was a Kyrgyz poet, ''Manaschi'' and folk song writer. Born in the village Kurtka in what is now the Ak-Talaa District, Naryn Region, Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan, officially the Kyrgyz Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Asia lying in the Tian Shan and Pamir Mountains, Pamir mountain ranges. Bishkek is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Kyrgyzstan, largest city. Kyrgyz .... Togolok Moldo by his audiences – "togolok" means round-faced, "moldo" means an educated person. He is buried near the village of about 3,000 persons named for him in Ak-Talaa district. A 'Semetey', totalling around 2050 lines, was collected from him by Kayum Miftakov in 1922. His later self-transcribed version of Manas was published in 2013. A manuscript of a ''sanjira'' (genealogy) was edited and published in 2009. Bibliography *''Тоголок М� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toktogul Satylganov
Toktogul Satylganov (, Perso-Arabic: توقتوعۇل ساتىلعان ۇۇلۇ; ; 25 October 1864 – 17 February 1933) was the most famous of the Kyrgyz Akyns – improvising poets and singers. The Kyrgyz town of Toktogul in the Jalal-Abad Region is named in his honor. Toktogul was born in Kushchusu, a village now submerged in the Toktogul Reservoir. Career Toktogul was a well-known poet and composer with democratic views even during the Tsarist Russia's colonial era in Southern Kyrgyzstan (1876–1917). On the eve of the revolt led by Muhammad Ali Madali, the Sufi ishan, Toktogul was harshly criticizing local Kyrgyz lords in Ketmen-Tobe valley. Madali ishan, seeking to rid the area of the Russians and restore the formerly independent khanate of Khokand, called for "holy war", and led 2,000 men against Tsarist Russia on 17–18 May 1898 (30–31 May 1898 in the Gregorian calendar). However, his force was blocked outside the city on Andijan by the Russian 20th Line Batta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhambyl Zhabayuly
Zhambyl Zhabaev (; 28 February 1846 — 22 June 1945) was a Soviet and Kazakh traditional folksinger (). Life According to a family legend, his mother, Uldan, gave birth to him near Mt. Zhambyl, close to the headwaters of the Chu River while fleeing an attack on her village. His father, Dzhabay, then named his son after the mountain. As a boy, Zhambyl learned how to play the dombra and at age 14, left his home to become an aqyn. He learned the art of improvisation from the aqyn Suyunbai Aronuly. Zhambyl sang exclusively in the Kazakh language. Many patriotic, pro-revolution and pro-Stalin poems and songs were attributed to Zhambyl in the 1930s and were widely circulated in the Soviet Union. Jambyl Jabayev died on 22 June 1945, at age 99. He was buried in Alma-Ata in a garden which he cultivated with his own hands. The Kazakh city of Taraz was named after Zhambyl from 1938 to 1997. Jambyl Region, in which Taraz is located, still bears his name. Authorship controversy It has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Makhambet Otemisuly
Makhambet Otemisuly ( Мұхамед Өтемісұлы, Muhammed Ötemisuly ''Mahambet Ötemısūly''; 1804 – October 20, 1846) was a Kazakh poet, composer and political figure. He is best known for his activity as a leader (with friend Isatay Taymanuly) of rebellions against Russian colonialism. This activity is believed to have resulted in his murder in 1846. His first rebellions took place against Zhangir-Kerey Khan of the Bukey Horde. Because the rebellion was badly defeated and a bounty was placed on Otemisuly, he had to flee the region. Makhambet's early education took place at a Russian language Russian is an East Slavic languages, East Slavic language belonging to the Balto-Slavic languages, Balto-Slavic branch of the Indo-European languages, Indo-European language family. It is one of the four extant East Slavic languages, and is ... school in Orenburg. However, his poetry was more closely tied to Kazakh culture and literary tradition. The major themes of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
