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Amebelodontidae
Amebelodontidae is an extinct family (biology), family of large herbivorous proboscidean mammals related to elephants. They were formerly assigned to Gomphotheriidae, but recent authors consider them a distinct family. They are distinguished from other proboscideans by having flattened lower tusks (leading to the nickname "shovel tuskers") and very elongate mandibular symphysis (the fused frontmost part of the lower jaw). The lower tusks could grow to considerable size, with those of ''Konobelodon'' reaching in length. Their molar teeth are typically trilophodont (with only ''Konobelodon'' being fully tetralophodont), and possessed posttrite conules. In the past, amebelodonts' shovel-like mandibular tusks led to them being portrayed scooping up water plants, however, dental microwear suggests that they were browsers and mixed feeders. The lower tusks have been proposed to have had a variety of functions depending on the species, including stripping bark, cutting through vegetation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gomphotheriidae
Gomphotheres are an extinct group of proboscideans related to modern elephants. First appearing in Africa during the Oligocene, they dispersed into Eurasia and North America during the Miocene and arrived in South America during the Pleistocene as part of the Great American Interchange. Gomphotheres are a paraphyletic group ancestral to Elephantidae, which contains modern elephants, as well as Stegodontidae. While most famous forms such as '' Gomphotherium'' had long lower jaws with tusks, the ancestral condition for the group, some later members developed shortened (brevirostrine) lower jaws with either vestigial or no lower tusks and outlasted the long-jawed gomphotheres. This change made them look very similar to modern elephants, an example of parallel evolution. During the Pliocene and Early Pleistocene, the diversity of gomphotheres declined, ultimately becoming extinct outside of the Americas. The last two genera, '' Cuvieronius'' ranging southern North America to w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Platybelodon
''Platybelodon'' (possibly "shovel tooth") is an extinct genus of Amebelodontidae, amebelodontid proboscidean mammal, distantly related to modern-day elephants. Fossils are known from middle Miocene strata from parts of Asia and the Caucasus. The first specimens of ''Platybelodon'', consisting of a partial skull, a nearly complete lower jaw, and multiple disarticulated remains, were discovered in the Tchokrak beds of north Caucasus, in the summer of 1927. The following year, Russian palaeontologist Alexey Borissiak described them, giving them the name ''Platybelodon danovi'' (now the type species of the genus). Several additional species have been described, including ''Platybelodon grangeri'', named by Henry Fairfield Osborn in 1928. ''Platybelodon'' is best known for its elongated, spoon-shaped lower jaw. While its upper incisors formed a pair of long, slender tusks (which were Sexual dimorphism, larger in males), the lower incisors instead formed flat, broad tusks, as in other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elephantida
Elephantimorpha is a clade of proboscideans that contains the Mammutidae (mastodons), as well as Elephantida ( amebelodonts, choerolophodonts, gomphotheres, stegodontids and elephantids). All members of Elephantimorpha have the horizontal tooth replacement typical of modern elephants, where the cheek teeth progressively migrate forwards in the jaw like a conveyor belt. This a distinctive characteristic of this group (synapomorphy) and is not found in more primitive non-elephantimorph Elephantiformes. Members of Elephantida are distinguished from mammutids by the reduced angular process of the lower jaw. Like modern elephants, the ancestor of Elephantimorpha was likely capable of communicating via infrasonic calls. While early elephantimorphs generally had lower jaws where the fused front part (the mandibular symphysis) was greatly elongated with well developed lower tusks/incisors, from the Late Miocene onwards, many groups convergently developed brevirostrine (shortened) low ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proboscidea
Proboscidea (; , ) is a taxonomic order of afrotherian mammals containing one living family (Elephantidae) and several extinct families. First described by J. Illiger in 1811, it encompasses the elephants and their close relatives. Three living species of elephant are currently recognised: the African bush elephant, the African forest elephant, and the Asian elephant. Extinct members of Proboscidea include the deinotheres, mastodons, gomphotheres and stegodonts. The family Elephantidae also contains several extinct groups, including mammoths and '' Palaeoloxodon''. Proboscideans include some of the largest known land mammals, with the elephant '' Palaeoloxodon namadicus'' and mastodon ''"Mammut" borsoni'' suggested to have body masses surpassing , rivalling or exceeding paraceratheres (the otherwise largest known land mammals) in size. The largest extant proboscidean is the African bush elephant, with a world record of size of at the shoulder and . In addition to thei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aphanobelodon
''Aphanobelodon'' is an extinct genus of proboscidean in the family Amebelodontidae. Taxonomy The holotype is the complete cranium of an adult female, and the paratype In zoology and botany, a paratype is a specimen of an organism that helps define what the scientific name of a species and other taxon actually represents, but it is not the holotype (and in botany is also neither an isotype (biology), isotype ...s include the remains of another adult female, an adult male, four subadults, and three calves. It is one of the few proboscidean species that lacks upper tusks, a trait previously thought to be unique to deinotheres. The generic name comes from ''aphano'', meaning invisible, and ''belodon'', meaning front tooth. The specific name of the type species is after Rong Zhao, who discovered and excavated the specimens. References Amebelodontidae Miocene proboscideans Miocene mammals of Asia Prehistoric elephants Prehistoric placental genera Fossil taxa desc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eurybelodon
''Eurybelodon'' is an extinct genus of proboscidean in the family Amebelodontidae. It lived in the Clarendonian age of the Miocene. Etymology The genus name comes from the Greek ''eury'', which means broad, and ''belodon'', meaning front tooth. The specific name of the type species is dedicated to Jeheskel Shoshani, who made significant contributions to proboscidean research. Taxonomy The type specimen, a partial upper tusk, was described from Black Butte in western Oregon in 1963. It was originally assigned to the genus ''Platybelodon'', but was reclassified as a distinct genus after a 2016 analysis revealed key morphological differences between it and other amebelodontids. Though it was originally classified in the family Gomphotheriidae with ''Platybelodon'' and ''Amebelodon ''Amebelodon'' is a genus of extinct proboscidean belonging to Amebelodontidae (the so-called shovel-tuskers). The most striking attribute of this animal is its lower tusks, which are narrow, elong ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stenobelodon
''Stenobelodon'' is an extinct genus of amebelodont proboscidean from the Miocene of North America. The only known species was formerly considered to belong to the genus ''Amebelodon ''Amebelodon'' is a genus of extinct proboscidean belonging to Amebelodontidae (the so-called shovel-tuskers). The most striking attribute of this animal is its lower tusks, which are narrow, elongated, and distinctly flattened with the degree o ...'' but was distinguished in 2023 based on the short and only partially flattened lower tusks and the closer resemblance of its cheek teeth to those of '' Gomphotherium'' than to its purported close relatives. Fossils are known from Florida and Kansas. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q122915563 Amebelodontidae Miocene proboscideans Miocene mammals of North America Prehistoric placental genera Fossil taxa described in 2023 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Torynobelodon
''Torynobelodon'' was a genus of large herbivorous mammal related to the elephant (order Proboscidea). It lived during the late Miocene Epoch in Asia and North America. Taxonomy Shoshani (1996) placed ''Torynobelodon'' as a synonym of ''Platybelodon'', but Lambert and Shoshani (1998) considered it morphologically distinct to be a separate genus. A 2016 cladistic study found it to be more primitive than either ''Platybelodon'' and ''Aphanobelodon''.Shi-Qi Wang; Tao Deng; Jie Ye; Wen He; Shan-Qin Chen (2016). Morphological and ecological diversity of Amebelodontidae (Proboscidea, Mammalia) revealed by a Miocene fossil accumulation of an upper-tuskless proboscidean. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. Online edition. doi:10.1080/14772019.2016.1208687. See also *''Gnathabelodon'' *''Eubelodon'' *'' Serbelodon'' *''Amebelodon'' *'' Konobelodon'' *''Platybelodon ''Platybelodon'' (possibly "shovel tooth") is an extinct genus of Amebelodontidae, amebelodontid proboscidean mammal, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protanancus
''Protanancus'' is an extinct genus of amebelodontid proboscidean from Kenya, Pakistan and Thailand. The genus consists solely of type species ''P. macinnesi''.Anancus'', and the Greek ''prÅtos'' "first". Description ''Protanancus'', about the size of a present-day , was presumably quite similar to the related proboscidean ''''. Like ''Platybelodon'', the mandibular symphysis of this species was narrow and elongated, and possess ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Konobelodon
''Konobelodon'' is an extinct genus of amebelodont proboscidean from the Miocene of Africa, Eurasia and North America. Taxonomy ''Konobelodon'' was originally coined as a subgenus of ''Amebelodon'', and was subsequently elevated to full generic rank in a 2014 re-appraisal of ''"Mastodon" atticus''. Within Amebelodontinae, ''Konobelodon'' is closely related to ''Platybelodon'' and ''Torynobelodon''. The genus ''Konobelodon'' likely originated in eastern Eurasia, with ''K. robustus'' being known from the Liushu Formation in the Gansu Province of China. Under this hypothesis, it diverged via separate migrations westward into Europe and western Asia, represented by ''K. atticus'', and eastward into North America, where the genus arrived c. 7 Ma and survived until the very end of the Miocene. The species ''Konobelodon cyrenaicus'' is known from the Late Miocene of North Africa, representing the latest surviving amebelodont on the African continent. Description As shovel-tusked am ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eubelodon
''Eubelodon'' is an extinct genus of gomphothere (a family in the order Proboscidea, which also includes modern elephants) which lived in North America during the Miocene Epoch. It contains a single species: ''Eubelodon morrilli''. Description ''Eubelodon'' is considered to be a trilophodont gomphothere. It has the highly unusual combination of retaining a long lower jaw, but having lost the lower tusks, a combination only shared with fellow North American gomphothere ''Gnathabelodon'' and the choerolophodontid '' Choerolophodon.'' Fossil distribution Fossils are restricted to what is now the Great Plains of the United States. Remains were found in the Poison Ivy Quarry, Antelope, Brown County, Nebraska, and Tripp County, South Dakota. Taxonomy ''Eubelodon'' was named by Erwin Hinckly Barbour in 1914. It was synonymized subjectively with ''Trilophodon'' by Osborn in 1918 and again by Tobien in 1973 with '' Gomphotherium''. It was assigned to Gomphotheriidae by Erwin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
