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Ald
ALD or Ald may refer to: Medicine, science and technology * Adrenoleukodystrophy, a disease linked to the X chromosome * Alcoholic liver disease * Aldolase or ALD, an enzyme occurring naturally in animals * Assistive listening device used to improve hearing ability * Atomic layer deposition, a thin-film deposition technique * Asymmetric Laplace distribution, in probability theory and statistics Places * Alderley Edge railway station, Cheshire, UK (National Rail code ALD) * Alderney, a Channel Island, Chapman code * Alderson station, West Virginia, US (Amtrak station code ALD) * Allahabad Junction railway station, Uttar Pradesh, India (station code ALD) * Alerta Airport, Peru (IATA code ALD) Politics * Autonomy Liberty Democracy, a coalition of centre-left political parties in Aosta Valley, Italy *Arakan League for Democracy, a political party active in Rakhine State, Myanmar (Burma) Other uses *Ald (unit), an old Mongolian measure equal to the length between a man's outs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aldehyde
In organic chemistry, an aldehyde () is an organic compound containing a functional group with the structure . The functional group itself (without the "R" side chain) can be referred to as an aldehyde but can also be classified as a formyl group. Aldehydes are common and play important roles in the technology and biological spheres. Structure and bonding Aldehydes feature a carbon center that is connected by a double bond to oxygen and a single bond to hydrogen and single bond to a third substituent, which is carbon or, in the case of formaldehyde, hydrogen. The central carbon is often described as being sp2-Orbital hybridisation, hybridized. The aldehyde group is somewhat polar molecule, polar. The C=O bond length is about 120-122 picometers. Physical properties and characterization Aldehydes have properties that are diverse and that depend on the remainder of the molecule. Smaller aldehydes are more soluble in water, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde completely so. The volatile ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alderney
Alderney (; french: Aurigny ; Auregnais: ) is the northernmost of the inhabited Channel Islands. It is part of the Bailiwick of Guernsey, a British Crown dependency. It is long and wide. The island's area is , making it the third-largest island of the Channel Islands, and the second largest in the Bailiwick. It is around to the west of the La Hague on the Cotentin Peninsula, Normandy, in France, to the northeast of Guernsey and from the south coast of Great Britain. It is the closest of the Channel Islands both to France and to the United Kingdom. It is separated from Cap de la Hague by the dangerous Alderney Race (french: Raz Blanchard). As of March 2018, the island had a population of 2,019; natives are traditionally nicknamed after the cows, or else after the many rabbits seen in the island. Formally, they are known as ''Ridunians'', from the Latin . The only parish of Alderney is the parish of St Anne, which covers the whole island. The main town, St Anne, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aldolase
Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (), often just aldolase, is an enzyme catalyzing a reversible reaction that splits the aldol, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, into the triose phosphates dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P). Aldolase can also produce DHAP from other (3S,4R)-ketose 1-phosphates such as fructose 1-phosphate and sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphate. Gluconeogenesis and the Calvin cycle, which are anabolic pathways, use the reverse reaction. Glycolysis, a catabolic pathway, uses the forward reaction. Aldolase is divided into two classes by mechanism. The word aldolase also refers, more generally, to an enzyme that performs an aldol reaction (creating an aldol) or its reverse (cleaving an aldol), such as Sialic acid aldolase, which forms sialic acid. See the list of aldolases. Mechanism and structure Class I proteins form a protonated Schiff base intermediate linking a highly conserved active site lysine with the DHAP carbonyl carbon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fructose-bisphosphate Aldolase
Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (), often just aldolase, is an enzyme catalyzing a reversible reaction that splits the aldol, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, into the triose phosphates dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P). Aldolase can also produce DHAP from other (3S,4R)-ketose 1-phosphates such as fructose 1-phosphate and sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphate. Gluconeogenesis and the Calvin cycle, which are anabolic pathways, use the reverse reaction. Glycolysis, a catabolic pathway, uses the forward reaction. Aldolase is divided into two classes by mechanism. The word aldolase also refers, more generally, to an enzyme that performs an aldol reaction (creating an aldol) or its reverse (cleaving an aldol), such as Sialic acid aldolase, which forms sialic acid. See the list of aldolases. Mechanism and structure Class I proteins form a protonated Schiff base intermediate linking a highly conserved active site lysine with the DHAP carbonyl carbon. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alderman
An alderman is a member of a municipal assembly or council in many jurisdictions founded upon English law. The term may be titular, denoting a high-ranking member of a borough or county council, a council member chosen by the elected members themselves rather than by popular vote, or a council member elected by voters. Etymology The title is derived from the Old English title of ''ealdorman'', literally meaning "elder man", and was used by the chief nobles presiding over shires. Similar titles exist in some Germanic countries, such as the Swedish language ', the Danish, Low German language ', and West Frisian language ', the Dutch language ', the (non-Germanic) Finnish language ' (a borrowing from the Germanic Swedes next door), and the High German ', which all mean "elder man" or "wise man". Usage by country Australia Many local government bodies used the term "alderman" in Australia. As in the way local councils have been modernised in the United Kingdom and Ireland, the term a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase
Aldehyde dehydrogenases () are a group of enzymes that catalyse the oxidation of aldehydes. They convert aldehydes (R–C(=O)) to carboxylic acids (R–C(=O)). The oxygen comes from a water molecule. To date, nineteen ALDH genes have been identified within the human genome. These genes participate in a wide variety of biological processes including the detoxification of exogenously and endogenously generated aldehydes. Function Aldehyde dehydrogenase is a polymorphic enzyme responsible for the oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids, which leave the liver and are metabolized by the body’s muscle and heart. There are three different classes of these enzymes in mammals: class 1 (low ''K''m, cytosolic), class 2 (low ''K''m, mitochondrial), and class 3 (high ''K''m, such as those expressed in tumors, stomach, and cornea). In all three classes, constitutive and inducible forms exist. ALDH1 and ALDH2 are the most important enzymes for aldehyde oxidation, and both ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adrenoleukodystrophy
Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a disease linked to the X chromosome. It is a result of fatty acid buildup caused by peroxisomal fatty acid beta oxidation which results in the accumulation of very long chain fatty acids in tissues throughout the body. The most severely affected tissues are the myelin in the central nervous system, the adrenal cortex, and the Leydig cells in the testes. The long chain fatty acid buildup causes damage to the myelin sheath of the neurons of the brain, resulting in seizures and hyperactivity. Other symptoms include problems in speaking, listening, and understanding verbal instructions. Clinically, ALD presents as a heterogeneous disorder, showing several distinct phenotypes, and no clear pattern of genotype–phenotype correlation. As an X-linked disorder, ALD presents most commonly in males; however, approximately 50% of heterozygote females show some symptoms later in life. Approximately two-thirds of ALD patients will present with the chil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ALD Automotive
ALD Automotive is a French fleet managing and operational car leasing company and a majority owned subsidiary of Société Générale. The company is active internationally and manages around 1.5 million vehicles. With a direct presence in 41 countries and with top 3 positions in 26 countries, ALD Automotive is ranked #3 worldwide and #1 in Europe by number of contracts under management and excluding OEM captives as at 31 December 2017 with around 1.5 million full service vehicle leasing A vehicle (from la, vehiculum) is a machine that transports people or cargo. Vehicles include wagons, bicycles, motor vehicles (motorcycles, cars, trucks, buses, mobility scooters for disabled people), railed vehicles (trains, trams), wate ... and fleet management service contracts. The company also sells former lease fleet vehicles to consumers through its ALD Carmarket brand. In 2015 ALD Automotive started leasing out e-bikes in the Netherlands, as part of a program on experimenting ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Autonomy Liberty Democracy
Autonomy Liberty Democracy (''Autonomie Liberté Démocratie'', ALD) was a centre-left coalition in Aosta Valley, Italy. It took part to three Italian general elections and elected representatives in both houses of the Italian Parliament. History ALD was originally formed as an electoral list, affiliated to The Union, for the 2006 general election comprising: the Democrats of the Left (DS), The Daisy (DL), Valdostan Renewal (RV), Vallée d'Aoste Vive (VdAV), Alé Vallée (AV), the Communist Refoundation Party (PRC), the Federation of the Greens ( Alternative Greens) and other minor parties. In that occasion, ALD elected a deputy, Roberto Nicco (DS), and a senator, Carlo Perrin (RV), defeating Marco Viérin ( SA, VdA) 43.4% to 30.7% and incumbent senator Augusto Rollandin ( UV, VdA) 44.2% to 32.0%, respectively. In the 2008 general election Antonio Fosson (UV, VdA) defeated incumbent senator Perrin 41.4% to 37.4%, while incumbent deputy Nicco narrowly defeated Ego Perron (UV, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alcoholic Liver Disease
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), also called alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD), is a term that encompasses the liver manifestations of alcohol overconsumption, including fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and chronic hepatitis with liver fibrosis or cirrhosis. It is the major cause of liver disease in Western countries. Although steatosis ( fatty liver disease) will develop in any individual who consumes a large quantity of alcoholic beverages over a long period of time, this process is transient and reversible. More than 90% of all heavy drinkers develop fatty liver whilst about 25% develop the more severe alcoholic hepatitis, and 15% liver cirrhosis. Risk factors Risk factors known as of 2010 are: * Quantity of alcohol taken: Consumption of 60–80 g per day (14 g is considered one standard drink in the US, i.e., 1.5 fl oz hard liquor, 5 fl oz wine, 12 fl oz beer; drinking a six-pack of 5% ABV beer daily would be 84 g and just over the upper limit) fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arakan League For Democracy
The Arakan League for Democracy ( my, ရခိုင်ဒီမိုကရေစီ အဖွဲ့ချုပ်; abbreviated ALD) is a political party active in Rakhine State, Myanmar (Burma). History The ALD was founded on 27 September 1989, in Yangon, and it was registered with the election commission on 2 October 1989. It contested 25 seats in the 1990 general elections,Robert H Taylor (2009) ''The State in Myanmar'', NUS Press receiving the majority of the vote at the Rakhine State. Nationally it received 1.2% of the vote, winning 11 seats, making it the third-largest party. However, the ALD was banned by the military government on 6 March 1992.1990 multi-party democracy general elections Democratic Voice of Burma On 6 April 2012, the ALD was allowed to be re-established as a pol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alderley Edge Railway Station
Alderley Edge railway station serves the large village of Alderley Edge in Cheshire, England. The station is 13¾ miles (22 km) south of Manchester Piccadilly on the Crewe to Manchester Line. History Opened by the Manchester and Birmingham Railway, then absorbed by the London and North Western Railway, it became part of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway during the grouping of 1923. The line then passed on to the London Midland Region of British Railways on nationalisation in 1948. When sectorisation was introduced, the station was served by Regional Railways on behalf of the Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Executive until the privatisation of British Railways. The line was electrified in 1960 (as the first stage of the West Coast Main Line electrification project) - since then, the station has acted as a terminus for some local services from the Manchester direction. Both platforms are bi-directionally signalled to facilitate this and there ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
