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Al-Kunduri
Amid al-Mulk Abu Nasr al-Kunduri (; 1024 – 29 November 1064), commonly known as al-Kunduri (; also spelled Kunduri), was a Persians, Persian bureaucrat, who served as the vizier of the first Seljuk Empire, Seljuk Sultan Tughril () and his nephew Alp Arslan (). Kunduri was born in Kondor, Razavi Khorasan, Kundur. He was recruited into the Seljuk bureaucracy as a secretary, at the suggestion of his teacher, Imam al-Muwaffaq al-Nishapuri. A natural schemer, Kunduri sought to exploit the power and influence over the Seljuk sultan. Kunduri's first scheme was during his early vizierate when Tughril had tasked him to arrange a marriage between Tughril and a princess from the family of the Khwarazmshah. Instead, Kunduri arranged the marriage for himself. Kunduri subsequently went to Tughril, where he absolved himself by shaving off his beard and castrating himself. While Tughril was preparing a march towards Mosul to fight the local contender al-Basasiri in 1057, Kunduri plotted to i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seljuk Empire
The Seljuk Empire, or the Great Seljuk Empire, was a High Middle Ages, high medieval, culturally Turco-Persian tradition, Turco-Persian, Sunni Islam, Sunni Muslim empire, established and ruled by the Qiniq (tribe), Qïnïq branch of Oghuz Turks. The empire spanned a total area of from Anatolia and the Levant in the west to the Hindu Kush in the east, and from Central Asia in the north to the Persian Gulf in the south, and it spanned the time period 1037–1308, though Seljuk rule beyond the Anatolian peninsula ended in 1194. The Seljuk Empire was founded in 1037 by Tughril (990–1063) and his brother Chaghri Beg, Chaghri (989–1060), both of whom co-ruled over its territories; there are indications that the Seljuk leadership otherwise functioned as a triumvirate and thus included Seljuk dynasty, Musa Yabghu, the uncle of the aforementioned two. During the formative phase of the empire, the Seljuks first advanced from their original homelands near the Aral Sea into Greater Kho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Altun Jan Khatun
Altun Jan Khatun (died December 1060) was the principal consort of Sultan Tughril I, the founder of the Seljuk Empire, ruling from 1037 to 1063. Early life Altun Jan Khatun was a Turkish woman, possibly from Khwarazm. Before becoming Tughril Beg's wife she had been married to the Khwarazm Shah Shah Malik. Her son by that marriage, Anushirwan, apparently remained with her after she married Tughril Beg in around 1043. Political influence Tughril Beg is reported to have consulted his chief wife Altun Jan in affairs, Sibt ibn al-Jawzi states that she was a religious woman, much given to charitable works, of good judgement and firm determination. When Tughril Beg went to Hamadan in 1058 to deal with the revolt of Ibrahim Inal, he sent Altun Jan, Anushirwan and Al-Kunduri to Baghdad. Despite the Caliph's objection, Altun Jan went to join her husband at Hamadan, taking the treasury and Seljuk soldiery in Baghdad with her, leaving al-Kanduri. When Ibrahim Inal learnt of Altun Jan's a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Basasiri
Abuʾl-Ḥārith Arslān al-Muẓaffar al-Basāsīrī (died 15 January 1059) was a Turkoman (ethnonym), Turkoman slave-soldier (''mamlūk'') who rose to become a military commander of the Buwayhid dynasty in Iraq (region), Iraq. When the Buwayhids were ousted by the Seljuk Empire, Seljuks in 1055, he transferred his allegiance to the Fatimid Caliphate of Egypt, in whose name he conquered Baghdad, which he ruled for almost a year. Early years The name al-Basāsīrī (or al-Fasāsīrī, al-Fasāwī) is a ''Nisba (onomastics), nisba'' derived from his first owner's place of origin, Basā (Fasā) in the province of Fars. Abuʾl-Ḥārith is a ''Kunya (Arabic), kunya'', while his ''Arabic name, ism'' (given name) was the Turkish Arslān. He became a freedman (''mawlā'') of the Buwayhid emir Baha al-Dawla (). His military career, however, can be traced only from the reign of Baha's son, Jalal al-Dawla (). Al-Basasiri took part in Jalal's conflicts with his nephew, Abu Kalijar, the emir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tughril
Abu Talib Muhammad Tughril ibn Mika'il (), better known as Tughril (; also spelled Toghril / Tughrul), was a Turkoman"The defeat in August 1071 of the Byzantine emperor Romanos Diogenes by the Turkomans at the battle of Malazgirt (Manzikert) is taken as a turning point in the history of Anatolia and the Byzantine Empire. chieftain, who founded the Seljuk Empire, ruling from 1037 to 1063. Tughril united many Turkoman warriors of the Central Asian steppes into a confederacy of tribes and led them in conquest of Khorasan and eastern Persia. He would later establish the Seljuk Sultanate after conquering Persia and taking the Abbasid capital of Baghdad from the Buyids in 1055. Tughril relegated the Abbasid Caliphs to state figureheads and took command of the caliphate's armies in military offensives against the Byzantine Empire and the Fatimids in an effort to expand his empire's borders and unite the Islamic world. Before the advent of the Seljuks, Persia was divided between seve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kondor, Razavi Khorasan
Kondor () is a city in, and the capital of, Sheshtaraz District of Khalilabad County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. It also serves as the administrative center for Sheshtaraz Rural District. Demographics Population At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 5,700 in 1,610 households. The following census in 2011 counted 6,002 people in 1,895 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 6,460 people in 2,130 households. Historical sites, ancient artifacts and tourism Kondor Ab anbars Kondor Ab anbars is two historical Ab anbars belongs to the first Pahlavi period and is located in Khalilabad County, Sheshtaraz District, Kondor village. Kondor Castle Kondor Castle is a historical castle located in Khalilabad County Khalilabad County () is in Razavi Khorasan Province, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Khalilabad, Iran, Khalilabad. Demographics Population At the time of the 2006 Nati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quhistan
Quhistan () or Kohistan (, "mountainous land") was a region of medieval Persia, essentially the southern part of Khurasan. Its boundaries appear to have been south of Khorasan to north, Yazd to West, Sistan to South, Afghanistan to East. Quhistan was a province in old days with a rich history in Persian literature, art and science. Notable historical towns include Tun (modern-day Ferdows), Qa'in, Gunabad, Tabas, Birjand, Turshez (modern-day Kashmar), Khwaf, Taybad, and Zawah (modern-day Torbat-e Heydarieh). It is home to famous castles. Safron, berberies (Zereshk) and jujube (Annab) are among the famous agricultural products that are exclusively produced in Ghohestan. Hakim Nezari Ghohestani, Sima Bina and Professor Reza Ghohestani are among famous people who are originally from Ghohestan. Dagestan in the North Caucasus The North Caucasus, or Ciscaucasia, is a subregion in Eastern Europe governed by Russia. It constitutes the northern part of the wider Caucasus regi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arabic Nouns And Adjectives
Arabic nouns and adjectives are declined according to case, state, gender and number. While this is strictly true in Classical Arabic, in colloquial or spoken Arabic, there are a number of simplifications such as loss of certain final vowels and loss of case. A number of derivational processes exist for forming new nouns and adjectives. Adverbs can be formed from adjectives. Noun and adjective inflection (Classical Arabic) Nouns ( ') and adjectives in Classical Arabic are declined according to the following properties: * Case (nominative, genitive, and accusative) * State (indefinite, definite or construct) * Gender (masculine or feminine): an inherent characteristic of nouns, but part of the declension of adjectives * Number (singular, dual or plural) Nouns are normally given in their pausal form. For example, ' 'king' would be declined as ' 'king-', ' 'the king-', etc. A feminine noun like ' 'queen' would be declined as ' 'queen-', ' 'the queen-', etc. The citati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frankincense
Frankincense, also known as olibanum (), is an Aroma compound, aromatic resin used in incense and perfumes, obtained from trees of the genus ''Boswellia'' in the family (biology), family Burseraceae. The word is from Old French ('high-quality incense'). There are several species of ''Boswellia'' that produce true frankincense: ''Boswellia sacra'' (synonym (taxonomy), syn. ''B. bhaw-dajiana'', syn. ''B. carteri''), ''Boswellia frereana, B. frereana'', ''Boswellia serrata, B. serrata'' (''B. thurifera''), and ''Boswellia papyrifera, B. papyrifera''. Resin from each is available in various grades, which depends on the time of harvesting. The resin is hand-sorted for quality. Etymology The English word ''frankincense'' derives from the Old French expression , meaning 'true incense', maybe with the sense of 'high quality incense'. The adjective in Old French meant 'noble, true', in this case perhaps 'pure'; although ''franc'' is ultimately derived from the tribal name of the Franks, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Torshiz
Turshiz ( ''Turshēz''), also known as Turaythith (), is a medieval district and city of the Quhistan region. It corresponds to the Kashmar area, located in the present-day Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. This region is divided into four regions Kashmar County, Kuhsorkh County, Khalilabad County and Bardaskan County. Gallery File:Aliabad-e Keshmar2011-09-25.jpg, Aliabad Tower File:FiroozAbad Tower.jpg, Firuzabad Tower File:K.sh.baran8.jpg, Kondor Ab anbars, Kondor Ab anbar 2 File:Jameh Mosque of Kashmar2021.jpg, Jameh Mosque of Kashmar File:Haji Jalal Mosque2023-01-01.jpg, Haji Jalal Mosque File:Atashgah Castle2023-04-08 68.jpg, Atashgah Castle File:Qal'eh Dokhtar2021.jpg, Qal'eh Dokhtar, Kuhsorkh See also * Kashmar * Adur Burzen-Mihr * Cypress of Kashmar References {{reflist Ancient Iranian cities Historical regions of Iran Kashmar County ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nishapur
Nishapur or Neyshabur (, also ) is a city in the Central District (Nishapur County), Central District of Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan province, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. Nishapur is the second most populous city of the province in the northeast of Iran, situated in a fertile plain at the foot of Binalud Mountains, Binalud Mountain Range. It has been the historic capital of the Western Quarter of Greater Khorasan, the historic Capitals of Persia, capital of the 9th-century Tahirid dynasty, the initial capital of the 11th-century Seljuk Empire, and is currently the capital city of Nishapur County and a historic Silk Road city of Greater Iran, cultural and Economy of Iran, economic importance in Iran and the Greater Khorasan region. Nearby are turquoise mines that have supplied the world with turquoise of the finest and the highest quality for at least two millennia. The city was founded in the 3rd century by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dehqan
The ''dehqân'' (; , ''dihqân'' in Classical Persian) or ''dehgân'' (; ) were a class of land-owning magnates during the Sasanian The Sasanian Empire (), officially Eranshahr ( , "Empire of the Iranians"), was an Iranian empire that was founded and ruled by the House of Sasan from 224 to 651. Enduring for over four centuries, the length of the Sasanian dynasty's reign ... and early Islamic period, found throughout Iran, Iranian lands. The ''dehqans'' started to gradually fade away under the Seljuk Empire, Seljuks and Qarakhanids, due to the increase of the ''iqta''' (land grants) and the decline of the landowning class. By the time of their dissolution, they had played a key role in preserving the Iranian national identity. Their Islamization and cultural Iranianization of the Turks led to the establishment of the Iranian essence within the Islamic world, something which would continue throughout the Middle Ages and far into modern times. Etymology The term ''dehqân' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
