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Al-Ghazzi
Al-Ghazzi () is a prominent family based in Damascus. It was best known for producing noted ulema and other scholars and the leadership of the Shafi'i madhhab ( school of jurisprudence) in Damascus during late Mamluk (1260–1517) and Ottoman rule (1517–1918). Toward the end of Ottoman rule, throughout French rule (1920–1946) and following Syria's independence in 1946 several members of the family held political office, including at the national level, and as prominent professionals and journalists. Origins The Ghazzi family historically claimed descent from the Banu Amir ibn Lu'ayy clan of the Quraysh tribe of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, hence their frequent use of the nisba ''al-Amiri al-Qurashi''. The family moved from Gaza, hence the family's name ''al-Ghazzi'' () to Damascus in 1348 under its head al-Shihab Ahmad ibn Abdullah ibn Badr. Ahmad became a prominent member of the city's Shafi'i ulema as well as an instructor in a number of madrasas (schools) and administrato ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Said Al-Ghazzi
Said Al-Ghazzi (; 11 June 1893 – 18 September 1967) was a Syrian lawyer, politician and two-time prime minister of Syria. He was born in Damascus. Early life Said belonged to the prominent al-Ghazzi family, which was established in Damascus since the 14th century and which historically provided the leadership of the Shafi'i madhhab (school of law) and produced dozens of noted scholars over the centuries. In the late 19th and early 20th century members of the family consistently held a seat in the municipal council and became increasingly involved in politics. Sa'id's great-grandfather Umar was the mufti of the Shafi'is and was considered by a biographer to be the most preeminent of the notables of Damascus in his lifetime. He was implicated in the 1860 massacres of Christians in the city and imprisoned in Cyprus where he died the following year. Sa'id's eponymous grandfather voluntarily accompanied his father Umar but nothing more is heard of him. His son Abd al-Wahab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nadia Al-Ghazzi
Nadia al-Ghazzi (, born in 1935) is a Syrian lawyer and writer. She is also a TV presenter and was one of the first women on Syrian Television. Early life and career Al-Ghazzi was born in Damascus, Syria, in 1935. Her father, Said al-Ghazzi, served twice as the prime minister of Syria. Her mother was Balkis Moraly. Al-Ghazzi attended Damascus University and earned a degree in National and International Law. In 1960 Al-Ghazzi joined the founders of Syrian Television on its launch; she began editing and presenting her family program "''Al-Bayt al-Said''", and then a popular children's show followed in 1973–1975. She also starred in two television dramas in 1982 and 2004. Between the 1975-79 she also hosted three family-oriented talk-shows on Damascus Radio. From 1979 Al-Ghazzi was a member and secretary of the Arabian Book Union and participated in committees to change the Syrian law, particularly for women's rights. She also began writing for several magazines, including "''T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Najm Al-Din Al-Ghazzi
Najm al-Din Muhammad al-Ghazzi (19 January 1570–1651) was a scholar based in Damascus during Ottoman rule. He is best known for his biographical dictionaries. The biographies were mainly about the notables of Syria and, to a lesser extent, those of Egypt and other parts of the Ottoman Empire in the 16th and 17th centuries. Family background Ghazzi came from a family of Muslim scholars long based in Damascus. They were originally from Gaza, hence their nisba 'al-Ghazzi'. His grandfather Radi al-Din al-Ghazzi (1458–1529) was the deputy qadi (judge) of the Shafi'i madhhab (Islamic school of jurisprudence) and an important figure in the Sufi Qadiriyya order in the late 15th and early 16th century, during the ending years of Mamluk rule and the beginnings of Ottoman rule. He had lost his position at some point before or during the political transition, but regained it by developing close ties with the Ottoman government. He penned works about Sufism, ''aqida'' (creed), agricultu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fawzi Al-Ghazzi
Fawzi al-Ghazzi (1891–1929) (), was a Syrian politician known for being the creator of the Syrian constitution. Ghazzi was born in Damascus, and fought for the Turkish during World War I. After the Arab revolt, al-Ghazzi was appointed secretary of the Interior Ministry for the Arab Government. He was a staunch opposer to the French mandate of Syria, and was exiled to the island of Arwad Arwad (; ), the classical antiquity, classical Aradus, is a town in Syria on an eponymous List of islands of Syria, island in the Mediterranean Sea. It is the administrative center of the Arwad nahiyah, Subdistrict (''nahiyah''), of which it is ... for this. He was elected to the Syrian Parliament in the 1928 election, and became the chairman of the Constituent Assembly, which wrote the first Syrian Constitution. The constitution was approved by the Syrian Parliament on July 4, 1928. He was poisoned by his wife for unknown reasons. References [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aqida
''Aqidah'' (, , pl. , ) is an Islamic term of Arabic origin that means "creed". It is also called Islamic creed or Islamic theology. ''Aqidah'' goes beyond concise statements of faith and may not be part of an ordinary Muslim's religious instruction. It has been distinguished from '' iman'' in "taking the aspects of Iman and extending it to a detail level" often using "human interpretation or sources". Also, in contrast with ''iman'', the word ''aqidah'' is not explicitly mentioned in the Quran. Many schools of Islamic theology expressing different ''aqidah'' exist. However, this term has taken a significant technical usage in the Islamic theology, and is a branch of Islamic studies describing the beliefs of Islam. Etymology ''Aqidah'' comes from the Semitic root '' ʿ-q-d'', which means "to tie; knot". ("Aqidah" used not only as an expression of a school of Islamic theology or belief system, but as another word for "theology" in Islam, as in: "Theology (Aqidah) covers all ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khalil Al-Muradi
Abu'l-Mawadda Sayyid Muhammad Khalil al-Muradi (died 1791) — was an Arab Muslim historian under the Ottoman Empire. He was born into a family of ulema and acted as Hanafi mufti and ''naqib al-ashraf'' (head of the Prophet's descendants) in Damascus. He wrote a set of over 1,000 biographies of people of his time, entitled ''Silk al-durar''."al-Murādī." Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Brill Online, 2012. 10 October 2012 Editions *Khalīl b. ʿAlī al-Murādī. ''Kitāb Silk al-durar fī aʿyān al-qarn al-thānī ʿashar''. Būlāq: Al-Maṭbaʻah al-ʻĀmirah, 1874-83. *Muḥammad Khalīl b. ʿAlī al-Murādī. ''Kitāb Silk al-durar fī aʿyān al-qarn al-thānī ʿashar''. Ed. Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Qādir Shāhīn, 4 vols. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, 1997. *A sequence of twenty-nine mostly two-line '' maqāṭīʿ'' poems ending in the hemistich 'sweeter even than the juice of myrtle berries', which al-Murādī included in his entry for his uncle Ibrāhīm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fatwa
A fatwa (; ; ; ) is a legal ruling on a point of Islamic law (sharia) given by a qualified Islamic jurist ('' faqih'') in response to a question posed by a private individual, judge or government. A jurist issuing fatwas is called a ''mufti'', and the act of issuing fatwas is called ''ifta. Fatwas have played an important role throughout Islamic history, taking on new forms in the modern era. Resembling ''jus respondendi'' in Roman law and rabbinic ''responsa'', privately issued fatwas historically served to inform Muslim populations about Islam, advise courts on difficult points of Islamic law, and elaborate substantive law. In later times, public and political fatwas were issued to take a stand on doctrinal controversies, legitimize government policies or articulate grievances of the population. During the era of mass European/Christian invasions, fatwas played a part in mobilizing resistance against foreign aggressors. Muftis acted as independent scholars in the classical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tafsir
Tafsir ( ; ) refers to an exegesis, or commentary, of the Quran. An author of a ''tafsir'' is a ' (; plural: ). A Quranic ''tafsir'' attempts to provide elucidation, explanation, interpretation, context or commentary for clear understanding and conviction of God in Islam, God's will in Islam. Principally, a ''tafsir'' deals with the issues of Classical Arabic, linguistics, Islamic jurisprudence, jurisprudence, and Islamic theology, theology. In terms of perspective and approach, ''tafsir'' can be broadly divided into two main categories, namely ''tafsir bi-al-ma'thur'' (lit. received tafsir), which is transmitted from the early days of Islam through the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his Sahaba, companions, and ''tafsir bi-al-ra'y'' (lit. ''tafsir'' by opinion), which is arrived through personal reflection or ijtihad, independent rational thinking. There are different characteristics and traditions for each of the ''tafsirs'' representing respective Islamic schools and branche ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constantinople
Constantinople (#Names of Constantinople, see other names) was a historical city located on the Bosporus that served as the capital of the Roman Empire, Roman, Byzantine Empire, Byzantine, Latin Empire, Latin, and Ottoman Empire, Ottoman empires between its consecration in 330 until 1930, when it was renamed to Istanbul. Initially as New Rome, Constantinople was founded in 324 during the reign of Constantine the Great on the site of the existing settlement of Byzantium, and shortly thereafter in 330 became the capital of the Roman Empire. Following the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the late 5th century, Constantinople remained the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire (also known as the Byzantine Empire; 330–1204 and 1261–1453), the Latin Empire (1204–1261), and the Ottoman Empire (1453–1922). Following the Turkish War of Independence, the Turkish capital then moved to Ankara. Although the city had been known as Istanbul since 1453, it was officially renamed as Is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Umayyad Mosque
The Umayyad Mosque (; ), also known as the Great Mosque of Damascus, located in the old city of Damascus, the capital of Syria, is one of the largest and oldest mosques in the world. Its religious importance stems from the eschatological reports concerning the mosque and historic events associated with it. Christian and Muslim tradition alike consider it the burial place of John the Baptist's head, a tradition originating in the 6th century. Two shrines inside the premises commemorate the Islamic prophet Muhammad's grandson Husayn ibn Ali, whose Battle of Karbala, martyrdom is frequently compared to that of John the Baptist. The site has been used as a house of worship since the Iron Age, when the Aram-Damascus, Arameans built on it a temple dedicated to their god of rain, Hadad. Under Roman Syria, Roman rule, beginning in 64 CE, it was converted into the center of the imperial cult of ancient Rome, imperial cult of Jupiter, the Roman god of rain, becoming one of the largest templ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mufti
A mufti (; , ) is an Islamic jurist qualified to issue a nonbinding opinion ('' fatwa'') on a point of Islamic law (''sharia''). The act of issuing fatwas is called ''iftāʾ''. Muftis and their ''fatāwa'' have played an important role throughout Islamic history, taking on new roles in the modern era. Tracing its origins to the Quran and early Islamic communities, the practice of ''ifta'' crystallized with the emergence of the traditional legal theory and schools of Islamic jurisprudence ('' madhahib''). In the classical legal system, fatwas issued by muftis in response to private queries served to inform Muslim populations about Islam, advise courts on difficult points of Islamic law, and elaborate substantive law. In later times, muftis also issued public and political fatwas that took a stand on doctrinal controversies, legitimized government policies or articulated grievances of the population. Traditionally, a mufti was seen as a scholar of upright character who poss ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
