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Akazehe
''Akazehe'' (also known as ''agocoya'' or, regionally, ''akayégo'' or ''akahibongozo'') is a traditional Burundian form of chanted extended musical greeting, sung exclusively by and between women. The polyphonic form is practiced among rural women as a quotidian greeting between pairs of friends or relatives, irrespective of time or occasion. Within Burundi, ''akazehe'' is generally understood as conversational rather than musical, with the practice (whose name derives from the Kirundi root , meaning ''to chat'') typically referred to in terms of speaking rather than of singing. Though it was noted in 1996 as being in decline, the practice has been identified as recently as 2014 as a source of well-being for conflict-affected women in Burundi. ''Akazehe'' has been noted by UNESCO for its promotion of peace and traditional cultural values in Burundi. Ritual and musical structure ''Akazehe'' begins with embrace, continues into extended dialogic chant, and ends with the squeezing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Women In Burundi
Following the recommendations of a Universal Periodic Review (UPR) in 2008, Burundi ratified the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (ICCPED), Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (OP-CEDAW), and the Optional Protocol to the Convention Against Torture (OPCAT). However, women are underrepresented in power structures. The phenomenon of sexual violence, particularly against women and children, is common in the country. The Initiative for Peacebuilding noted in a 2010 study on gender issues in Burundi that there is a strong correlation between areas of intense military activity and high instances of sexual violence. Culture Rural women greet each other in a complex musical form called akazehe, chanting an interlocking vocal rhythm that communicates feelings and narratives about their everyday lives. Women's political participation in Burundi History Women in Burun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greetings
Greeting is an act of communication in which human beings intentionally make their presence known to each other, to show attention to, and to suggest a type of relationship (usually cordial) or social status (formal or informal) between individuals or groups of people coming in contact with each other. Greetings are sometimes used just prior to a conversation or to greet in passing, such as on a sidewalk or trail. While greeting customs are highly culture- and situation-specific and may change within a culture depending on social status and relationship, they exist in all known human cultures. Greetings can be expressed both audibly and physically, and often involve a combination of the two. This topic excludes military and ceremonial salutes but includes rituals other than gestures. A greeting, or salutation, can also be expressed in written communications, such as letters and emails. Some epochs and cultures have had very elaborate greeting rituals, e.g. greeting a soverei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyphonic Form
Polyphony ( ) is a type of musical texture consisting of two or more simultaneous lines of independent melody, as opposed to a musical texture with just one voice, monophony, or a texture with one dominant melodic voice accompanied by chords, homophony. Within the context of the Western musical tradition, the term ''polyphony'' is usually used to refer to music of the late Middle Ages and Renaissance. Baroque forms such as fugue, which might be called polyphonic, are usually described instead as contrapuntal. Also, as opposed to the ''species'' terminology of counterpoint, polyphony was generally either "pitch-against-pitch" / "point-against-point" or "sustained-pitch" in one part with melismas of varying lengths in another. In all cases the conception was probably what Margaret Bent (1999) calls "dyadic counterpoint", with each part being written generally against one other part, with all parts modified if needed in the end. This point-against-point conception is opposed to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Music Of Burundi
Burundi is a Central African nation that is closely linked with Rwanda Rwanda (; rw, u Rwanda ), officially the Republic of Rwanda, is a landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley of Central Africa, where the African Great Lakes region and Southeast Africa converge. Located a few degrees south of the Equator ..., geographically, historically and culturally. The drum such as the '' karyenda'' is one of central importance. Internationally, the country has produced the music group Royal Drummers of Burundi. Burundian-Belgian musicians like Éric Baranyanka from the Burundese royal family, Ciza Muhirwa and, especially, Khadja Nin, have more recently gained prominence. Since the music is from the mind and soul, it mainly expresses what the people in Burundi feel and what they think when they beat the drums. One feature of Burundian men's folk songs is the presence of an '' inanga'', a type of stringed zither. Other instruments include: * Ingoma drums, made from tree tru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Round (music)
A round (also called a perpetual canon 'canon perpetuus''or infinite canon) is a musical composition, a limited type of canon, in which a minimum of three voices sing exactly the same melody at the unison (and may continue repeating it indefinitely), but with each voice beginning at different times so that different parts of the melody coincide in the different voices, but nevertheless fit harmoniously together. It is one of the easiest forms of part singing, as only one line of melody need be learned by all parts, and is part of a popular musical tradition. They were particularly favoured in glee clubs, which combined amateur singing with regular drinking. The earliest known rounds date from 12th century Europe. One characteristic of rounds is that, "There is no fixed ending," in the sense that they may be repeated as many times as possible, although many do have "fixed" endings, often indicated by a fermata. " Row, Row, Row Your Boat" is a well-known children's round ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inuit
Inuit (; iu, ᐃᓄᐃᑦ 'the people', singular: Inuk, , dual: Inuuk, ) are a group of culturally similar indigenous peoples inhabiting the Arctic and subarctic regions of Greenland, Labrador, Quebec, Nunavut, the Northwest Territories, and Alaska. Inuit languages are part of the Eskimo–Aleut languages, also known as Inuit-Yupik-Unangan, and also as Eskaleut. Inuit Sign Language is a critically endangered language isolate used in Nunavut. Inuit live throughout most of Northern Canada in the territory of Nunavut, Nunavik in the northern third of Quebec, Nunatsiavut and NunatuKavut in Labrador, and in various parts of the Northwest Territories, particularly around the Arctic Ocean, in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region. With the exception of NunatuKavut, these areas are known, primarily by Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami, as Inuit Nunangat. In Canada, sections 25 and 35 of the Constitution Act of 1982 classify Inuit as a distinctive group of Aboriginal Canadians who are no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Katajjaq
Inuit throat singing, or ''katajjaq'' (Inuktitut syllabics: ᑲᑕᔾᔭᖅ), is a distinct type of throat singing uniquely found among the Inuit. It is a form of musical performance, traditionally consisting of two women who sing duets in a close face-to-face formation with no instrumental accompaniment, in an entertaining contest to see who can outlast the other; however, one of the genre's most famous practitioners, Tanya Tagaq, performs as a solo artist. Several groups, including Tudjaat, The Jerry Cans, Quantum Tangle and Silla + Rise, also now blend traditional throat singing with mainstream musical genres such as pop, folk, rock and dance music. An analogous form called ''rekuhkara'' was once practiced among the Ainu of Hokkaidō, Japan. Names The name for throat singing in Canada varies with the geography: * Iirngaaq [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aka People
Aka, AKA or a.k.a. may refer to: * "Also known as", used to introduce an alternative name Languages * Aka language (Sudan) * Aka language, in the Central African Republic * Hruso language, in India, also referred to as Aka * a prefix in the names of Great Andamanese languages * Akan language ( ISO 639-2 and ISO 639-3 codes) People * Aka (name), a list of people with the given name or surname * Aka people, in the Central African Republic and Congo * Aka (tribe), of Kameng, Arunachal Pradesh, India * AKA (rapper), stage name of South African Kiernan Forbes (born 1988) Places Japan * Aka, Fukuoka, a village * Mount Aka (Daisetsuzan), Daisetsuzan National Park, Hokkaidō * Mount Aka (Yatsugatake), Yatsugatake Mountains, Honshū * Aka Island, Okinawa Prefecture * Aka River, Yamagata Prefecture Elsewhere * Aka, Hungary, a village * Aka Hills, Arunachal Pradesh, India * Aka, Iran, a village in Khuzestan Province Arts and entertainment Film and television * ''AKA'' (film) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hindewhu
Pygmy music refers to the sub-Saharan African music traditions of the Central African foragers (or "Pygmies"), predominantly in the Congo, the Central African Republic and Cameroon. Pygmy groups include the Bayaka, the Mbuti, and the Batwa. Music is an important part of Pygmy life, and casual performances take place during many of the day's events. Music comes in many forms, including the spiritual likanos stories, vocable singing and music played from a variety of instruments including the bow harp (''ieta''), ''ngombi'' (harp zither) and '' limbindi'' (a string bow). Researchers who have studied Pygmy music include Simha Arom, Louis Sarno, Colin Turnbull and Jean-Pierre Hallet. Polyphonic song The Mbenga ( Aka/Benzele) and Baka peoples in the west and the Mbuti (Efé) in the east are particularly known for their dense contrapuntal communal improvisation. Simha Arom says that the level of polyphonic complexity of Mbenga–Mbuti music was reached in Europe only in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethnomusicology
Ethnomusicology is the study of music from the cultural and social aspects of the people who make it. It encompasses distinct theoretical and methodical approaches that emphasize cultural, social, material, cognitive, biological, and other dimensions or contexts of musical behavior, in addition to the sound component. Within musical ethnography it is the first-hand personal study of musicking as known as the act of taking part in a musical performance. Folklorists, who began preserving and studying folklore music in Europe and the US in the 19th century, are considered the precursors of the field prior to the Second World War. The term ''ethnomusicology'' is said to have been coined by Jaap Kunst from the Greek words ἔθνος (''ethnos'', "nation") and μουσική (''mousike'', "music"), It is often defined as the anthropology or ethnography of music, or as musical anthropology.Seeger, Anthony. 1983. ''Why Suyá Sing''. London: Oxford University Press. pp. xiii-xvi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metonymy
Metonymy () is a figure of speech in which a concept is referred to by the name of something closely associated with that thing or concept. Etymology The words ''metonymy'' and ''metonym'' come from grc, μετωνυμία, 'a change of name', from , 'after, post, beyond' and , , a suffix that names figures of speech, from , or , 'name'. Background Metonymy and related figures of speech are common in everyday speech and writing. Synecdoche and metalepsis are considered specific types of metonymy. Polysemy, the capacity for a word or phrase to have multiple meanings, sometimes results from relations of metonymy. Both metonymy and metaphor involve the substitution of one term for another. In metaphor, this substitution is based on some specific analogy between two things, whereas in metonymy the substitution is based on some understood association or contiguity. American literary theorist Kenneth Burke considers metonymy as one of four "master tropes": metaphor, meto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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