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Zo People
The Zo people is a term to denote the ethnolinguistically related speakers of the Kuki-Chin languages who primarily inhabit northeastern India, western Myanmar, and southeastern Bangladesh. The dispersal across international borders resulted from a British colonial policy that drew borders on political, rather than ethnic, grounds. Ethnonyms Beginning in the 1990s, the generic name Chin have been rejected by some for "Zomi", a name used by a group speaking Northern Kuki languages. The speakers of the Northern Kuki languages are sometimes lumped together as the Zomi's. Some Zomi nationalists have stated that the use of the label Chin would mean subtle domination by Burmese groups. In 2023, during the Manipur violence the Kuki tribes of Manipur were referred to Kuki-Zo, Before it was specifically only Kuki in context of Manipur, Assam, Nagaland, and Tripura. Origin The Zo people trace their ancestry to the Tibeto-Burman family, migrating from the Mekong River basi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zomi
Zomi is a collective identity adopted by some of the Kuki-Chin language-speaking people in India and Myanmar. The term means " Zo people". The groups adopting the Zomi identity reject the conventional labels " Kuki" and "Chin", popularised during the British Raj, as colonial impositions. Even though "Zomi" was originally coined as an all-encompassing identity of the Kuki-Chin-speaking people, in practice, it has proved to be divisive, with considerable number of groups continuing to use the traditional labels "Kuki" and "Chin" and only certain sections adopting the Zomi identity. The groups covered in the identity has varied with time. Compound names such as "Kuki-Zo" and "Zomi Chin" are sometimes used to paper over the divisions. Etymology The term "Zomi" combines the ancestral name "Zo" with "mi," meaning people. Evolution of the identity The Zo identity for the Kuki-Chin language speaking people spread across Northeast India and Myanmar's Chin State began to take shape ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laitu Language
Laitu "လေးတူ" (Letu Chin) is a Kuki-Chin language of Burma. It is partially intelligible with Sumtu Chin. In Sittwe District, Rakhine State, Laitu is spoken in Minbya, Mrauk-U, and Myebon townships, and is also spoken in Paletwa township, Chin State. Laitu has 91-96% lexical similarity with Sumtu Chin and Songlai Chin, 85-89% similarity with Chinbon Chin, and 82-84% lexical similarity with Asho. Dialects ''Ethnologue ''Ethnologue: Languages of the World'' is an annual reference publication in print and online that provides statistics and other information on the living languages of the world. It is the world's most comprehensive catalogue of languages. It w ...'' lists the following dialects of Letu. Dialects differ by stream (creek). *Panmyaunggyi Stream (Laitu) *Phuntha Stream (Doitu,Kongtu) *Yangon-Sittwe Asia Highway areas of both Minbya township and Myebon township. (Laitu) Added by the representative of these two areas. *Sen Stream (Doitu, Kongtu) * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hmar People
Hmar people are a scheduled tribe ethnic group from the states of Manipur, Mizoram, Assam, and Meghalaya in Northeast India. They use the Hmar language as their primary language. In 2023, the Hmar Inpui, an apex body of the tribe 'reaffirmed' the identity of the Hmar people as Mizo. Population According to the 2011 Indian Census, there were 98,988 Hmar speakers (as first language). The Hmar population itself (including, Hmar people who speak Mizo language as their first language) roughly stands at 200,000–300,000. Several critics and scholars point out that a significant population of the Hmar people are fully 'Mizonised' in Mizoram, hence do not reflect as "Hmar tribe" population, rather as "Any Mizo tribes" in Census reports. Language Hmar people use the Hmar language, which closely resembles the Mizo language and uses the Roman script. The script was introduced by British missionaries, including 'Pu Buanga' ( James Herbert Lorrain), during the colonial era in India a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kuki People
The Kuki people, or Kuki-Zo people,Rakhi BoseIn Tense Manipur, Sub-Categorisation And 'Creamy Layer' Could Open A Pandora's Box Outlook, 11 September 2024. [Quoting general secretary of the Committee on Tribal Unity (COTU), Kangpokpi] ''At present, all tribal communities in Manipur (other than the Nagas) are united and organised under the banner of Kuki-Zo, and we want separate administration for our regions in Kangpokpi, Churachandpur and Tengnoupal.” are an ethnic group in the Northeastern Indian states of Manipur, Nagaland, Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram, as well as the neighbouring countries of Bangladesh and Myanmar. The Kukis form one of the largest Hill tribes of Northeast India, hill tribe communities in this region. In Northeast India, they are present in all states except Arunachal Pradesh. The Chin people of Myanmar and the Mizo people of Mizoram are kindred tribes of the Kukis. Collectively, they are termed the Zo people. Some fifty tribes of Kuki peoples ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mizo People
The Mizo people, historically called the Lushais, are a Tibeto-Burman ethnic group primarily from Mizoram in northeastern India. They speak Mizo, one of the state's official languages and its lingua franca. Beyond Mizoram, sizable Mizo communities live in neighboring northeast Indian states like Manipur, Assam, Meghalaya, and Tripura, with minority populations also found in Myanmar and the United States. Mizoram is the most literate state in India, and the first to reach 100%. The Chin people of Myanmar and the Kuki people of India and Bangladesh are the kindred tribes of Mizos and many of the Mizo migrants in Myanmar have accepted the Chin identity. The Chin, Kuki, Mizo, and southern Naga peoples are collectively known as Zo people ( Mizo: ''Zohnahthlak''; lit. "descendants of Zo") which all speak the Mizo language Definition and subgroups The term "Mizo" is a collective name for the people inhabiting the State of Mizoram who have close affinity in dialect, origin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tibeto-Burman Languages
The Tibeto-Burman languages are the non- Sinitic members of the Sino-Tibetan language family, over 400 of which are spoken throughout the Southeast Asian Massif ("Zomia") as well as parts of East Asia and South Asia. Around 60 million people speak Tibeto-Burman languages. The name derives from the most widely spoken of these languages, Burmese and the Tibetic languages, which also have extensive literary traditions, dating from the 12th and 7th centuries respectively. Most of the other languages are spoken by much smaller communities, and many of them have not been described in detail. Though the division of Sino-Tibetan into Sinitic and Tibeto-Burman branches (e.g. Benedict, Matisoff) is widely used, some historical linguists criticize this classification, as the non-Sinitic Sino-Tibetan languages lack any shared innovations in phonology or morphology to show that they comprise a clade of the phylogenetic tree. History During the 18th century, several scholars noticed paral ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2023 Manipur Violence
3 (three) is a number, numeral and digit. It is the natural number following 2 and preceding 4, and is the smallest odd prime number and the only prime preceding a square number. It has religious and cultural significance in many societies. Evolution of the Arabic digit The use of three lines to denote the number 3 occurred in many writing systems, including some (like Roman and Chinese numerals) that are still in use. That was also the original representation of 3 in the Brahmic (Indian) numerical notation, its earliest forms aligned vertically. However, during the Gupta Empire the sign was modified by the addition of a curve on each line. The Nāgarī script rotated the lines clockwise, so they appeared horizontally, and ended each line with a short downward stroke on the right. In cursive script, the three strokes were eventually connected to form a glyph resembling a with an additional stroke at the bottom: ३. The Indian digits spread to the Caliphate in the 9th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Keat Gin Ooi
Keat Gin Ooi (; born 10 October 1959) is a Malaysian academician, historian and educator of Chinese descent who is a professor at the Modern History of Brunei/Borneo in Universiti Brunei Darussalam's Academy of Brunei Studies. He is specialises in the following fields: women in history, Southeast Asian history, war and conflict, indigenous historical sources, underwater archaeology, underwater cultural heritage, modern history and historiography of Borneo, Brunei history, colonial urban history, Borneo in international history. Ooi has been a visiting lecturer and recipient of fellowships from institutions in the United States, Australia, the United Kingdom, Europe, and Japan. He has worked as a professional reviewer for several journals in addition to publishing with publishers such as Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Oxford, Palgrave Macmillan, and Routledge. Early life and education Ooi Keat Gin was born on 10 October 1959, in George Town, Penang, Malaya. Ethnic Chines ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zomi Nationalism
Zo nationalism is an ethnic nationalist movement among the Zo people – a broad umbrella of interrelated tribes broadly comprising Zomi, Mizo Chin, and Kuki, whose traditional homelands span Northeast India (Mizoram, Manipur and Tripura states), Western Myanmar (Chin State) and Bangladesh (Chittagong Hill Tracts). These Zo tribes share a common Tibeto-Burman linguistic and cultural ancestry. As one study notes: "a majority of the Zo population lives in Manipur and Mizoram in Northeast India, Bangladesh, and Chin State of Myanmar". Major Zo subgroups include the Chin of Myanmar, the Mizos (Lushai) of Mizoram, the Zomi of Manipur and Chin State, the various Kuki clans of Manipur and Bangladesh, and numerous clans ( Hmar, Gangte, Zou, Paite, etc.) Although divided by modern frontiers, the Zo people have many common traits: for example, most Zo were traditional animists who were converted to Protestant Christianity by 19th-century missionaries. Many families today still emph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Northern Kukish Languages
Northeastern Kuki-ChinPeterson, David. 2017. "On Kuki-Chin subgrouping." In Picus Sizhi Ding and Jamin Pelkey, eds. ''Sociohistorical linguistics in Southeast Asia: New horizons for Tibeto-Burman studies in honor of David Bradley'', 189-209. Leiden: Brill. is a branch of Kuki-Chin languages. It was formerly called Northern Kuki-Chin, but renamed to distinguish it from the Northwestern Kuki-Chin languages. VanBik (2009:31) also calls the branch ''Northern Chin'' or ''Zo''. These languages are spoken in northern parts of Chin State in Myanmar, and various parts of Northeast India, most notably in the state of Manipur. Languages VanBik (2009) includes the following languages as Northern Kuki-Chin languages. The positions of Ngawn and Ralte are not addressed by VanBik (2009), but they are classified as Northern Kuki-Chin in Glottolog. * Thado (Kuki) *Tedim * Paite * Gangte * Simte *Chiru * Sizang *Ralte * Vaiphei * Zou * Ngawn Tedim is the local lingua franca of northern Chin Stat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British Raj
The British Raj ( ; from Hindustani language, Hindustani , 'reign', 'rule' or 'government') was the colonial rule of the British The Crown, Crown on the Indian subcontinent, * * lasting from 1858 to 1947. * * It is also called Crown rule in India, * * * * or direct rule in India. * Quote: "Mill, who was himself employed by the British East India company from the age of seventeen until the British government assumed direct rule over India in 1858." * * The region under British control was commonly called India in contemporaneous usage and included areas directly administered by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom, which were collectively called ''Presidencies and provinces of British India, British India'', and areas ruled by indigenous rulers, but under British British paramountcy, paramountcy, called the princely states. The region was sometimes called the Indian Empire, though not officially. As ''India'', it was a founding member of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chittagong Hill Tracts
The Chittagong Hill Tracts (), often shortened to simply the Hill Tracts and abbreviated to CHT, refers to the three hilly districts within the Chittagong Division in southeastern Bangladesh, bordering India and Myanmar (Burma) in the east: Khagrachhari District, Khagrachhari, Rangamati District, Rangamati, and Bandarban District, Bandarban. Covering , CHT is an extensively hilly area and home to a Tribal peoples of Chittagong Hill Tracts, variety of tribal peoples in Bangladesh. The CHT were divided by the British in the 19th century into Tribal monarchy in Chittagong Hill Tracts, three tribal chieftaincies, the Chakma Circle, the Mong Circle and the Bohmong Circle. They formed a single Districts of Bangladesh, district until 1984, when they were divided into three separate districts. Geography The Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) is a extensive hilly area in Bangladesh, lie in the southeastern part of the country (210 25' N to 230 45' N latitude and 910 54' E to 920 50' E longit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
