Zamfara State Lead Poisoning Outbreak
A series of lead poisonings in Zamfara State, Nigeria, led to the deaths of at least 163 people between March and June 2010, including 111 children. Nigerian Federal Ministry of Health figures, state the discovery of 355 cases with 46 percent proving fatal. This is one of the many lead poisoning epidemics with low and middle income countries. Findings An annual immunization programme in Northern Nigeria led to the discovery of a high number of child deaths in the area citation needed tag . An investigation showed that they had been digging for gold at the times of their deaths, in an area where lead is prevalent. It was thought by the villagers that all the children had contracted malaria but Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) found unusually high levels of lead in the blood during tests. The BBC suggested the contamination of water may have contributed to the high mortality rate. Blacksmith Institute (renamed Pure Earth) was called in by the Nigerian authorities to assist i ...
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Nigeria Zamfara State Map
Nigeria ( ), , ig, Naìjíríyà, yo, Nàìjíríà, pcm, Naijá , ff, Naajeeriya, kcg, Naijeriya officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa. It is situated between the Sahel to the north and the Gulf of Guinea to the south in the Atlantic Ocean. It covers an area of , and with a population of over 225 million, it is the most populous country in Africa, and the world's sixth-most populous country. Nigeria borders Niger in the north, Chad in the northeast, Cameroon in the east, and Benin in the west. Nigeria is a federal republic comprising of 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory, where the capital, Abuja, is located. The largest city in Nigeria is Lagos, one of the largest metropolitan areas in the world and the second-largest in Africa. Nigeria has been home to several indigenous pre-colonial states and kingdoms since the second millennium BC, with the Nok civilization in the 15th century BC, marking the first interna ...
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Illegal Mining
Illegal mining is mining activity that is undertaken without state permission, in particular in absence of land rights, mining licenses, and exploration or mineral transportation permits. Illegal mining can be a subsistence activity, as is the case with artisanal mining, or it can belong to large-scale organized crime, spearheaded by illegal mining syndicates. On an international level, approximately 80 percent of small-scale mining operations can be categorized as illegal. Despite strategic developments towards " responsible mining," even big companies can be involved in illegal mineral digging and extraction, if only on the financing side. Regional Issues Sub-Saharan Africa Spurred by widespread poverty and a lack of alternative income-earning opportunities, illegal artisanal mining is a well-documented phenomenon in sub-Saharan Africa. While legalization opportunities for artisanal and small scale mining are often available, inefficient government bureaucracy structures can ...
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Accidental Deaths In Nigeria
Accidental may refer to: * Accidental (music), a symbol which changes the pitch of a note * ''Accidental'' (album), by Fred Frith * Accidental (biology), a biological phenomenon more commonly known as vagrancy * ''The Accidental'', a 2005 novel by Ali Smith * The Accidental (band), a UK folk band * Accidental property, a philosophical term See also * Accidence (or inflection), a modification of a word to express different grammatical categories * Accident (other) * Adventitious, which is closely related to "accidental" as used in philosophy and in biology * Random In common usage, randomness is the apparent or actual lack of pattern or predictability in events. A random sequence of events, symbols or steps often has no order and does not follow an intelligible pattern or combination. Individual rando ...

2010 Disease Outbreaks
1 (one, unit, unity) is a number representing a single or the only entity. 1 is also a numerical digit and represents a single unit of counting or measurement. For example, a line segment of ''unit length'' is a line segment of length 1. In conventions of sign where zero is considered neither positive nor negative, 1 is the first and smallest positive integer. It is also sometimes considered the first of the infinite sequence of natural numbers, followed by  2, although by other definitions 1 is the second natural number, following  0. The fundamental mathematical property of 1 is to be a multiplicative identity, meaning that any number multiplied by 1 equals the same number. Most if not all properties of 1 can be deduced from this. In advanced mathematics, a multiplicative identity is often denoted 1, even if it is not a number. 1 is by convention not considered a prime number; this was not universally accepted until the mid-20th century. Additionally, 1 is th ...
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2010 Mining Disasters
2010 mining disaster may refer to: *Luotuoshan coal mine flood near Wuhai, People's Republic of China (March 1) *Dongxing Coal Mining Co fire at Xinmi, People's Republic of China (March 15) *Wangjialing coal mine flood at Shanxi, People's Republic of China (March 28) *Upper Big Branch Mine disaster at Raleigh County, West Virginia (April 5) *Raspadskaya mine explosion near Mezhdurechensk, Kemerovo Oblast, Russia (May 8) * Yuanyang colliery outburst at Puding County, People's Republic of China (May 13) *Zonguldak mine disaster at Zonguldak Province in Turkey (May 17) * Copiapó mining accident at Copiapó, Chile (August 5) *Pike River Mine accident The Pike River Mine disaster was a coal mining accident that began on 19 November 2010 in the Pike River Mine, northeast of Greymouth, in the West Coast region of New Zealand's South Island following a methane explosion at approximately 3:44 p ...

2010 In Nigeria
Events in the year 2010 in Nigeria. Incumbents Federal government * President: Umaru Musa Yar'Adua (until 5 May), Goodluck Jonathan (starting 5 May) * Vice President: ** Until 5 May: Goodluck Jonathan ** 5 May – 19 May: vacant ** Starting 19 May: Namadi Sambo * Senate President: David Mark * House Speaker: Dimeji Bankole * Chief Justice: Aloysius Iyorgyer Katsina-Alu Governors * Abia State: Theodore Orji ( PDP) * Adamawa State: Murtala Nyako ( PDP) * Akwa Ibom State: Godswill Akpabio ( PDP) * Anambra State: Peter Obi ( APGA) * Bauchi State: Isa Yuguda ( ANPP) * Bayelsa State: Timipre Sylva ( PDP) * Benue State: Gabriel Suswam ( PDP) * Borno State: Ali Modu Sheriff ( ANPP) * Cross River State: Liyel Imoke ( PDP) * Delta State: Emmanuel Uduaghan ( PDP) * Ebonyi State: Martin Elechi ( PDP) * Edo State: Adams Aliyu Oshiomole ( AC) * Ekiti State: Kayode Fayemi ( AC) * Enugu State: Sullivan Chime ( PDP) * Gombe State: Mohammed Danjuma Goje ( PDP) * Imo State: Ikedi Ohaki ...
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List Of Poisonings
These are lists of poisonings, deliberate and accidental, in chronological order by the date of death of the victim(s). They include mass poisonings, confirmed attempted poisonings, suicides, fictional poisonings and people who are known or suspected to have killed multiple people. Non-fiction Fatal *Socrates (d. 399 BC), Greek philosopher; according to Plato, he was sentenced to kill himself by drinking poison hemlock *Artaxerxes III (d. 338 BC), Persian king; possibly poisoned by his vizier Bagoas *Artaxerxes IV (d. 336 BC), Persian king; poisoned by his vizier Bagoas *Bagoas (d. 336 BC), Persian vizier and king-maker; poisoned by Darius III *Demosthenes (d. 322 BC), Athenian politician *Xu Pingjun (d. 71 BC), first empress of Emperor Xuan of Han. *Antipater the Idumaean (d. 43 BC), father of Herod the Great *Drusus Julius Caesar (d. 23), son of Tiberius *Emperor Claudius (d. 54), allegedly poisoned by his wife Agrippina with mushrooms or with the poisoned feather used to provok ...
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List Of Epidemics
This is a list of the largest known epidemics and pandemics caused by an infectious disease. Widespread non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer are not included. An epidemic is the rapid spread of disease to a large number of people in a given population within a short period of time; in meningococcal infections, an attack rate in excess of 15 cases per 100,000 people for two consecutive weeks is considered an epidemic. Due to the long time spans, the first plague pandemic (6th century – 8th century) and the second plague pandemic (14th century – early 19th century) are shown by individual outbreaks, such as the Plague of Justinian (first pandemic) and the Black Death (second pandemic). Major epidemics and pandemics By death toll Extant epidemics are in boldface. For a given epidemic, the average of its estimated death toll range is used for ranking. If the death toll averages of two or more epidemics are equal, then the smaller the range, the hi ...
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2009–2010 West African Meningitis Outbreak
The 2009–2010 West African meningitis outbreak was an epidemic of bacterial meningitis which occurred in Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, and Nigeria since January 2009, an annual risk in the African meningitis belt. A total of 13,516 people have been infected with meningitis, and 931 have died. Nigeria has been the most adversely affected, with over half of the total cases and deaths occurring in the nation. The WHO reported on 27 March 2009 that 1,100 had died and there were 25,000 suspected cases. It is the worst outbreak in the region since 1996, and a third of the world's emergency vaccine stockpile for the bacterial form has been consumed. The GAVI Alliance has been trying to secure more vaccines. Background West Africa is regularly struck by an annual meningitis epidemic, usually affecting between 25,000 and 200,000 inhabitants. However, this epidemic has been the deadliest outbreak since 1996. That year meningitis infected over 100,000 people and killed 10,000 during a t ...
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Dimercaptosuccinic Acid
Succimer, sold under the brand name Chemet among others, is a medication used to treat lead, mercury, and arsenic poisoning. When radiolabeled with technetium-99m, it is used in a number of types of diagnostic testing. A full course is 19 days of medications by mouth. More than two weeks should pass before a second course is given. Common side effects include vomiting, diarrhea, rash, and low blood neutrophil levels. Liver problems and allergic reactions may also occur with use. Whether use during pregnancy is safe for the baby is unclear. Dimercaptosuccinic acid is in the chelating agent family of medications. It works by binding with lead and a number of other heavy metals, allowing them to leave the body in the urine. Dimercaptosuccinic acid has been used medically since the 1950s. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. In the United States, no generic version was available as of 2015. Medical uses Dimercaptosuccinic acid is indica ...
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Epidemiologist
Epidemiology is the study and analysis of the distribution (who, when, and where), patterns and determinants of health and disease conditions in a defined population. It is a cornerstone of public health, and shapes policy decisions and evidence-based practice by identifying risk factors for disease and targets for preventive healthcare. Epidemiologists help with study design, collection, and statistical analysis of data, amend interpretation and dissemination of results (including peer review and occasional systematic review). Epidemiology has helped develop methodology used in clinical research, public health studies, and, to a lesser extent, basic research in the biological sciences. Major areas of epidemiological study include disease causation, transmission, outbreak investigation, disease surveillance, environmental epidemiology, forensic epidemiology, occupational epidemiology, screening, biomonitoring, and comparisons of treatment effects such as in clinical trials. Epid ...
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World Health Organization
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health. The WHO Constitution states its main objective as "the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health". Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, it has six regional offices and 150 field offices worldwide. The WHO was established on 7 April 1948. The first meeting of the World Health Assembly (WHA), the agency's governing body, took place on 24 July of that year. The WHO incorporated the assets, personnel, and duties of the League of Nations' Health Organization and the , including the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). Its work began in earnest in 1951 after a significant infusion of financial and technical resources. The WHO's mandate seeks and includes: working worldwide to promote health, keeping the world safe, and serve the vulnerable. It advocates that a billion more people should have: universal health care ...
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