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Yazidi Literature
Yazidi literature is literature produced by the Yazidis, Kurds-Yazidi people. Although Yazidi literature has traditionally been primarily oral, many Yazidi texts have been transcribed since the 1970s. Kurmanji is the main language used. Unlike the other major religions of the Near East, Yazidism does not have a standardized canon of religious texts, since religious knowledge is traditionally transmitted orally. Some of the largest text collections of Yazidi literature have been compiled by Philip G. Kreyenbroek & Khalil Rashow (2005) and Khanna Omarkhali (2017). Other compilations of various Yazidi texts are those of Christine Allison (2001) and Teimuraz Avdoev, a Georgian Yazidi.Avdoev, Teimuraz / Авдоев, Теймураз (2020)Newşe dînê êzîdiyan / Езидское Священословие / The Yezidi Holy Hymns. List of texts This section contains a comprehensive list of Yazidi oral religious texts as compiled by Omarkhali (2017). Yazidi oral religious poetry ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Literature
Literature is any collection of Writing, written work, but it is also used more narrowly for writings specifically considered to be an art form, especially novels, Play (theatre), plays, and poetry, poems. It includes both print and Electronic literature, digital writing. In recent centuries, the definition has expanded to include oral literature, much of which has been transcribed.; see also Homer. Literature is a method of recording, preserving, and transmitting knowledge and entertainment. It can also have a social, psychological, spiritual, or political role. Literary criticism is one of the oldest academic disciplines, and is concerned with the literary merit or intellectual significance of specific texts. The study of books and other texts as artifacts or traditions is instead encompassed by textual criticism or the history of the book. "Literature", as an art form, is sometimes used synonymously with literary fiction, fiction written with the goal of artistic merit, but ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shems Of Tabriz
Shams-i Tabrīzī () or Shams al-Din Mohammad (1185–1248) was a Persian * * * * Shafi'ite poet, who is credited as the spiritual instructor of Mewlānā Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Balkhi, also known as Rumi and is referenced with great reverence in Rumi's poetic collection, in particular '' Diwan-i Shams-i Tabrīzī''. Tradition holds that Shams taught Rumi in seclusion in Konya for a period of forty days, before fleeing for Damascus. The tomb of Shams-i Tabrīzī was recently nominated to be a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Life According to Sipah Salar, a devotee and intimate friend of Rumi who spent forty days with him, Shams was the son of the Imam Ala al-Din. In a work entitled ''Manāqib al-'arifīn'' (''Eulogies of the Gnostics''), Aflaki names a certain 'Ali as the father of Shams-i Tabrīzī and his grandfather as Malikdad. Apparently basing his calculations on Haji Bektash Veli's ''Maqālāt'' (''Conversations''), Aflaki suggests that Shams arrived in Konya at the ag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Şîxadî
Adi ibn Musafir (, ; born 1072–1078, died 1162) was a Sunni Muslim sheikh who founded the Adawiyya order. He is also considered a Yazidi saint. The Yazidis consider him as an avatar of Tawûsî Melek, which means "Peacock Angel". His tomb at Lalish, Iraq is a focal point of Yazidi pilgrimage. He was an Arab from the Umayyad dynasty. He had distant Kurdish heritage as a direct descendant of Marwan II, who was born to a Kurdish mother. Biography Sheikh Adi was born in the 1070s in the village of Bait Far, near Baalbek, in the Beqaa Valley of present-day Lebanon. He hailed from the Umayyad lineage and was a descent from Marwan II, who was born to a Kurdish mother. Sheikh Adi first received Islamic education in the nearby region, likely in Damascus. He then went to Baghdad, where he settled and continued his Islamic education with Sufi circles. He was Shafi'i. In Baghdad, Sheikh Adi was a disciple of Ahmad Ghazali, Abu al-Najib Suhrawardi, and Abdul Qadir Gilani, who all studied ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nimrod
Nimrod is a Hebrew Bible, biblical figure mentioned in the Book of Genesis and Books of Chronicles, the Books of Chronicles. The son of Cush (Bible), Cush and therefore the great-grandson of Noah, Nimrod was described as a king in the land of Shinar (Lower Mesopotamia). The Bible states that he was "a mighty hunter before the Lord [and] ... began to be mighty in the earth". Biblical and non-biblical traditions identify Nimrod as the ruler who had commissioned the construction of the Tower of Babel, and that identification led to his reputation as a king who had been rebellious against God. There is no direct evidence that Nimrod was an actual historical person in any of the non-biblical historic records, registers, or king lists (including any of the Mesopotamian ones, which are considered older than the biblical record). Historians have failed to match Nimrod with any real historically attested figure, or to find any historical, linguistic or genetic link between the Sumer, Sume ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abraham
Abraham (originally Abram) is the common Hebrews, Hebrew Patriarchs (Bible), patriarch of the Abrahamic religions, including Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. In Judaism, he is the founding father who began the Covenant (biblical), covenantal relationship between the Jewish people and God in Judaism, God; in Christianity, he is the spiritual progenitor of all believers, whether Jewish or gentile, non-Jewish; and Abraham in Islam, in Islam, he is a link in the Prophets and messengers in Islam, chain of Islamic prophets that begins with Adam in Islam, Adam and culminates in Muhammad. Abraham is also revered in other Abrahamic religions such as the Baháʼí Faith and the Druze, Druze faith. The story of the life of Abraham, as told in the narrative of the Book of Genesis in the Hebrew Bible, revolves around the themes of posterity and land. He is said to have been called by God to leave the house of his father Terah and settle in the land of Canaan, which God now promises to Ab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xatûna Fexra
Khatuna Fekhra () is a holy Yazidi female figure who is venerated as the Xudan of women and children as well as patron of childbirth and pregnancy. Biography Xatûna Fexra was the daughter is the daughter of the prominent Yazidi holy figure, Şêx Fexredîn as well as sister to Şêx Mend, Şêx Bedir and Aqûbê Mûsa. According to Yazidi tradition, her birth name was Xezal, however, she came to be known as Xatûna Fexra. Religious Significance The ''Quba Xatuna Fexra'' (Temple of Khatuna Fekhra) in Mağara, İdil, Şırnak Province, southeastern Turkey was built in honor of her. There is also a shrine built in honor of her in Lalish Lalish (, also known as Lalişa Nûranî) is a mountain valley and temple located in the Nineveh Plains, Iraq. It is the holiest temple of the Yazidis. It is the location of the tomb of the Sheikh Adi ibn Musafir, a central figure of the Yazidi .... See also * List of Yazidi holy figures * List of Yazidi holy places References Exter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Şerfedîn
Sheikh Sharaf ad-Din ibn al-Hasan () was the son and religious heir of al-Hasan ibn ‘Adī and thus head of the ‘Adawiyya order. He died in battle against the Mongols in 1258 and was succeeded by his uncle, Fakhr ad-Dīn ibn ‘Adī. Due to the hostility of the Mongols, his son Zayn ed Din preferred not to become his successor and passed on the duties to Fakhr ad-Dīn ibn ‘Adī, who was married to a Mongol. The Sharfadin Temple is considered to be one of the oldest and most important Yazidi holy sites. Sherfedin is particularly revered in the Sinjar region. The Yazidi ''Qewlê Şerfedîn'' ("Hymn of Şerfedîn") identifies Şerfedîn with the Mahdi The Mahdi () is a figure in Islamic eschatology who is believed to appear at the Eschatology, End of Times to rid the world of evil and injustice. He is said to be a descendant of Muhammad in Islam, Muhammad, and will appear shortly before Jesu .... In the hymn (''qewl''), Şerfedîn is currently staying in a cave a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sicadîn
Sheikh Sejadin or Sejad ad-Dīn () is a holy figure venerated in Yazidism, he is considered one of the Seven Divine Beings, to all of whom God assigned the World's affairs, and his earthly incarnation is considered one of the four sons of Ezdina Mir along with Nasirdîn, Sheikh Shems, and Fexredîn, who are the respective ancestors and patriarchs of the four Şemsanî Sheikh lineages and are considered to have been avatars of the angelic beings. Along with Nasirdîn, he is also revered as one of the two death angels who take Yazidi souls into the afterlife. Nasirdîn is identified as the Angel of Death and Renewal while Sicadîn plays the role of a psychopomp and Messenger of Death. They come to a person during his/her death whereupon Sicadîn serves as a messenger of death, whereas Nasirdîn is the hangman who separates the soul from the body. See also *Yazidism *List of Yazidi holy figures *Psychopomp Psychopomps (from the Greek word , , literally meaning the 'guide of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nasirdîn
Sheikh Nasirdin, Melek Nasirdin or Naṣir ad-Dīn () is a holy figure venerated in Yazidism, he is considered one of the Seven Divine Beings, to all of whom God assigned the World's affairs, and his earthly incarnation is considered one of the four sons of Ezdina Mir along with Sheikh Shems (Shems ad-Dīn), Fakhraddin, and Sejadin, who are the respective ancestors and patriarchs of the four Şemsanî Sheikh lineages. Along with Sejadin, he is also revered as one of the two death angels who take Yazidi souls into the afterlife. Nasirdin is identified as the Angel of Death and Renewal while Sejadin plays the role of a psychopomp and Messenger of Death. They come to a person during his/her death whereupon Sejadin serves as a messenger of death, whereas Nasirdin is the hangman who separates the soul from the body. He is also portrayed as holding knife and as an executioner. See also *List of Yazidi holy figures *Sicadîn Sheikh Sejadin or Sejad ad-Dīn () is a holy figure vene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amadîn
Amadin or ‘Imād ad-Dīn () was a 13th-century Yazidi saint. He was a member of the 'Adawiyya order of Sufism. He was known throughout Kurdistan Kurdistan (, ; ), or Greater Kurdistan, is a roughly defined geo- cultural region in West Asia wherein the Kurds form a prominent majority population and the Kurdish culture, languages, and national identity have historically been based. G ... for healing stomach pains. Family tree Amadin was one of the nine sons of Sheikh Shems. He is associated with healing stomach pains. References 13th-century births 13th-century deaths 13th-century Kurdish people Yazidi holy figures {{MEast-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mehmed Reşan
Pir Mehmed Rashan or Pir Mehmed Reshan () was a 12th-century Yazidi saint ( Pîr). The Mam Rashan Shrine on Mount Sinjar was built in honor of him. As a patron saint of agriculture, he is considered to be the protector of harvests and bringer of rain. His feast is celebrated in spring. There is a shrine dedicated to him at Lalish. Also, a shrine that is claimed as his tomb is situated behind Mount Maqlub near Bardarash, Iraq. During times of drought, special ceremonies are held at sites dedicated to him to pray for rain and blessing of cultivated land. See also * List of Yazidi holy figures *List of Yazidi holy places This is a list of Yazidi temples across the world. Background Yazidis are an ethnoreligious group who live predominantly in northern Iraq. Their religion is known as Yazidism. List See also * List of Yazidi holy figures * List of Yazidi ... References 12th-century births 12th-century deaths Yazidi holy figures 12th-century Kurdish people ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Şêx Hadî
Adi ibn Musafir (, ; born 1072–1078, died 1162) was a Sunni Muslim sheikh who founded the Adawiyya order. He is also considered a Yazidi saint. The Yazidis consider him as an avatar of Tawûsî Melek, which means "Peacock Angel". His tomb at Lalish, Iraq is a focal point of Yazidi pilgrimage. He was an Arab from the Umayyad dynasty. He had distant Kurdish heritage as a direct descendant of Marwan II, who was born to a Kurdish mother. Biography Sheikh Adi was born in the 1070s in the village of Bait Far, near Baalbek, in the Beqaa Valley of present-day Lebanon. He hailed from the Umayyad lineage and was a descent from Marwan II, who was born to a Kurdish mother. Sheikh Adi first received Islamic education in the nearby region, likely in Damascus. He then went to Baghdad, where he settled and continued his Islamic education with Sufi circles. He was Shafi'i. In Baghdad, Sheikh Adi was a disciple of Ahmad Ghazali, Abu al-Najib Suhrawardi, and Abdul Qadir Gilani, who all studied ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
