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Yangchun Pai Yao Language
Yangchun Pai Yao is an extinct Mienic language of Yangchun, Guangdong, China. It is unclassified within Mienic, and is likely a sister branch to Dzao Min Dzao Min (, Zao Min) is a Hmong–Mien language of China. Mao (2004:306) reports a total of more than 60,000 speakers in Liannan County and Yangshan County of Guangdong, and in Yizhang County of Hunan. The speakers from Bapai, Guangdong are als .... Documentation The 1996 ''Yangchun County Gazetteer'' (阳春县志) has just over a dozen Yangchun Pai Yao words that were transcribed in Chinese characters. According to the gazetteer, there were 13 semi-speakers remaining in the 1990s.Yangchun City Geographical History Office ��春市地方史志办公室 1996. ''Yangchun County Gazetteer'' ��春县志 Guangzhou: Guangdong People's Publishing House ��东人民出版社 Hsiu (2023) reported that the language was extinct in 2019, with only one elderly rememberer able to provide a few dozen words. References Mienic lang ...
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China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after India, representing 17.4% of the world population. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and Borders of China, borders fourteen countries by land across an area of nearly , making it the list of countries and dependencies by area, third-largest country by land area. The country is divided into 33 Province-level divisions of China, province-level divisions: 22 provinces of China, provinces, 5 autonomous regions of China, autonomous regions, 4 direct-administered municipalities of China, municipalities, and 2 semi-autonomous special administrative regions. Beijing is the country's capital, while Shanghai is List of cities in China by population, its most populous city by urban area and largest financial center. Considered one of six ...
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Yangchun
Yangchun, alternately romanized as Yeungchun, (local pronunciation: ">ɛŋ31 ʦʰɐn45/nowiki>) is a county-level city in southwestern Guangdong, China, administered as a part of the prefecture-level city of Yangjiang. Yangchun has an area of and had approximately 1.05 million inhabitants in 2003. History Under the Qing, made up part of the commandery of Zhaoqing Zhaoqing ( zh, c=肇庆), alternately romanized as Shiuhing, is a prefecture-level city in Guangdong Province, China. As of the 2020 census, its population was 4,113,594, with 1,553,109 living in the built-up (or metro) area made of Duanz .... Administrative divisions Yangchun is divided into the urban quarter Chuncheng () and fifteen towns (). The municipalities are: * 河塱镇 Helang Town * 松柏镇 Songbai Town * 石望镇 Shiwang Town * 春湾镇 Chunwan Town * 合水镇 Heshui Town * 陂面镇 Baimian Town * 圭岗镇 Kyu Kong Town * 永宁镇 Yongning Town * 马水镇 Mashui Town * 岗美镇 ...
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Guangdong
) means "wide" or "vast", and has been associated with the region since the creation of Guang Prefecture in AD 226. The name "''Guang''" ultimately came from Guangxin ( zh, labels=no, first=t, t= , s=广信), an outpost established in Han dynasty near modern Wuzhou, whose name is a reference to an order by Emperor Wu of Han to "widely bestow favors and sow trust". Together, Guangdong and Guangxi are called ''Liangguang, Loeng gwong'' ( zh, labels=no, first=t, t=兩廣, s=两广 , p=liǎng guǎng) During the Song dynasty, the Two Guangs were formally separated as ''Guǎngnán Dōnglù'' ( zh, first=t, t=廣南東路, s=广南东路, l=East Circuit (administrative division), Circuit in Southern Guang , labels=no) and ''Guǎngnán Xīlù'' ( zh, first=t, t=廣南西路, s=广南西路, l=West Circuit (administrative division), Circuit in Southern Guang , labels=no), which became abbreviated as ''Guǎngdōng Lù'' ( zh, first=t, t=廣東路, s=广东路 , labels=no) and ''Guǎngxī Lù ...
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Hmong–Mien Languages
The Hmong–Mien languages (also known as Miao–Yao and rarely as Yangtzean) are a highly tonal language family of southern China and northern Southeast Asia. They are spoken in mountainous areas of southern China, including Guizhou, Hunan, Yunnan, Sichuan, Guangxi, Guangdong and Hubei provinces; the speakers of these languages are predominantly " hill people", in contrast to the neighboring Han Chinese, who have settled the more fertile river valleys. Relationships Hmongic (Miao) and Mienic (Yao) are closely related, but clearly distinct. For internal classifications, see Hmongic languages and Mienic languages. The largest differences are due to divergent developments in their phonological systems. The Hmongic languages appear to have kept the large set of initial consonants featured in the protolanguage but greatly reduced the distinctions in the syllable finals, in particular losing all glides and stop codas. The Mienic languages, on the other hand, have largely preser ...
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Mienic Languages
The Mienic or Yao languages are spoken by the Yao people of China, Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand. Some of the Yao peoples speak Hmongic languages (Miao); these are called '' Bunu''. A small population of Yao people in Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County (金秀瑶族自治县) in eastern Guangxi speak a Tai-Kadai language called Lakkia. Other Yao peoples speak various Sinitic (Chinese) language varieties. Classification Mienic is one of the primary branches of the Hmong–Mien language family, with the other being Hmongic. Ratliff (2010) Martha Ratliff (2010:3) proposed the following classification:Ratliff, Martha. 2010. ''Hmong–Mien language history''. Canberra, Australia: Pacific Linguistics. *Mienic ** Iu Mien, 840,000 speakers ** Kim Mun, 400,000 speakers ** Biao Min, 43,000 speakers ** Dzao Min, 60,000 speakers Strecker (1987) Strecker 1987,Strecker, David. 1987.The Hmong-Mien Languages" In ''Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area'', 10, no. 2: 1-11. followed (with the ...
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Yao People
The Yao people () or Dao () is a classification for various ethnic minorities in China and Vietnam. Their majority branch is also known as Mien. They originated in the areas around Changsha, which today is the capital of Hunan province. They speak a branch of the Hmong-Mien family of languages and share a strong genetic connection to the Hmong peoples. They are believed to have diverged from the Hmong around 5,800 years ago. They are one of the 56 officially recognized ethnic groups in China and reside in the mountainous southwest and south of the country. They also form one of the 54 ethnic groups officially recognized by Vietnam. They numbered 2,796,003 in the 2010 Chinese census and 891,151 in the 2019 Vietnamese census. An estimated 60,000 Yao of the Iu Mien branch reside in the United States, mostly in the Western coastal states. History China Origin myth The origins of the Yao can be traced back two millennia to Hunan around the Dongting Lake region. According to ...
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Dzao Min Language
Dzao Min (, Zao Min) is a Hmong–Mien language of China. Mao (2004:306) reports a total of more than 60,000 speakers in Liannan County and Yangshan County of Guangdong, and in Yizhang County of Hunan. The speakers from Bapai, Guangdong are also called Bapai Yao (八排瑶族). The earliest published study of Dzao Min is that of Wong (1939). Distribution The ''Chenzhou Prefecture Gazetteer'' (1996) reports that there are 1,200 "Bapai Yao" (八排瑶) or "Zao Min" (藻敏) in Huangjiapan Village 黄家畔村, Mangshan Township 莽山乡, Yizhang County, Hunan. They are reported to have migrated from Taipingdong 太平洞, Chengjia District 称架区, Yangshan County, Guangdong in the 16th century. Long Guoyi (2011) covers the six Zao Min dialects of Daping 大坪, Junliao 军寮, Mangshan 莽山, Nan'gang 南岗, Panshi 盘石, and Youling 油岭. All of the aforementioned locations are in Liannan County, Guangdong, except for Mangshan, which is in Yizhang County, Hunan. L ...
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Languages Of Guangdong
) means "wide" or "vast", and has been associated with the region since the creation of Guang Prefecture in AD 226. The name "''Guang''" ultimately came from Guangxin ( zh, labels=no, first=t, t= , s=广信), an outpost established in Han dynasty near modern Wuzhou, whose name is a reference to an order by Emperor Wu of Han to "widely bestow favors and sow trust". Together, Guangdong and Guangxi are called '' Loeng gwong'' ( zh, labels=no, first=t, t=兩廣, s=两广 , p=liǎng guǎng) During the Song dynasty, the Two Guangs were formally separated as ''Guǎngnán Dōnglù'' ( zh, first=t, t=廣南東路, s=广南东路, l=East Circuit in Southern Guang , labels=no) and ''Guǎngnán Xīlù'' ( zh, first=t, t=廣南西路, s=广南西路, l=West Circuit in Southern Guang , labels=no), which became abbreviated as ''Guǎngdōng Lù'' ( zh, first=t, t=廣東路, s=广东路 , labels=no) and ''Guǎngxī Lù'' ( zh, first=t, t=廣西路, s=广西路 , labels=no). "''Dōng''" ( zh, fir ...
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