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YF-100
The YF-100 is a Chinese liquid rocket engine burning LOX and kerosene in an oxidizer-rich staged combustion cycle. Development of the engine began in the 2000s, along with its sibling, the smaller YF-115, which would power the upper stages of the Long March 6 and Long March 7 rockets. Testing was directed by the China National Space Administration (CNSA) commencing in 2005. Development works are mainly carried out by the Xi'an Aerospace Propulsion Institute. The engine had its first 300 seconds test fire in November 2007. A high efficiency/high thrust environmentally-friendly rocket engine was always an objective within Programme 863 in the 1980s; however, Chinese industry was not mature enough at that time to produce such a rocket until they obtained RD-120s in early 1990 from Russia following the collapse of the USSR. It is the first Chinese rocket engine to adopt the staged-combustion cycle and the most powerful to date. During July 2012 the engine fired for 200 seconds ge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Long March 7
The Long March 7 (), or Chang Zheng 7 in pinyin, abbreviated LM-7 for export or CZ-7 within China, originally Long March 2F/H or Chang Zheng 2F/H, nicknamed Bingjian (), is a Chinese liquid-fuelled launch vehicle of the Long March family, developed by the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CAST). It made its inaugural flight on 25 June 2016. Designed as a replacement of the Long March 2F, Long March 7 and its variants was expected to be the workhorse of the fleet, projected to account for around 70% of all Chinese launches. Long March 7 plays a critical role in the Chinese Space Station program: it is used to launch the Tianzhou robotic cargo and resupply spacecraft to the station. The rocket was intended to replace the Long March 2F as China's crew-rated launch vehicle in the future, although by 2023 this role has apparently been taken over by the under-development Long March 10 and Long March 10A. Since 2020, in addition to the base Long March 7 config ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Long March 10
Long March 10 (), also known as the “''Next Generation crewed launch vehicle''” (), and previously and unofficially as the “''921 rocket''” () or the "''Long March 5G''" (a development of the Long March 5), is a Chinese Super heavy-lift launch vehicle, super-heavy carrier rocket for crewed lunar missions that is currently under development. The nickname "921" refers to the founding date of China's Shenzhou program, human spaceflight program. In 2022, the first flight was targeted for 2027. In April 2024, it was announced that program development was complete. The standard Long March 10 will be capable of lifting 70 tonne, tonnes into low Earth orbit (LEO) and 27 tonnes into trans-lunar injection trajectories. There are also plans for a two-stage variant without boosters, the Long March 10A,https://twitter.com/CNSpaceflight/status/1677895887153160193 which is designed primarily for future low Earth orbit crew and cargo transport to the Tiangong space station. It will be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Long March 5
Long March 5 (LM-5; zh, s=长征五号 , p=Chángzhēng wǔ hào) or Changzheng 5 (CZ-5), also known by its nickname "''Pang-Wu''" (胖五, "''Fat-Five''"), is a Chinese heavy-lift launch vehicle developed by the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology (CALT). It is the first Chinese launch vehicle designed to use exclusively non-hypergolic Liquid-propellant rocket, liquid propellants. It is the fifth iteration of the Long March (rocket family), Long March rocket family. There are currently two CZ-5 variants: CZ-5 and CZ-5B. The maximum payload capacities are approximately to low Earth orbit (for CZ-5B) and approximately to geostationary transfer orbit (for CZ-5). The Long March 5 roughly matches the capabilities of American National Security Space Launch, NSSL heavy-lift launch vehicles such as Vulcan Centaur. It is currently the most powerful member of the Long March (rocket family), Long March rocket family and Comparison of orbital launch systems, the world's fifth m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
F-100 Super Sabre
The North American F-100 Super Sabre is an American supersonic jet fighter aircraft designed and produced by the aircraft manufacturer North American Aviation. The first of the Century Series of American jet fighters, it was the first United States Air Force (USAF) fighter capable of supersonic speed in level flight. The F-100 was envisioned during the late 1940s as a higher-performance successor to the F-86 Sabre air superiority fighter. Initially referred to as the ''Sabre 45'', it was delivered as an unsolicited proposal to the USAF in January 1951, leading to two prototypes being ordered one year later following modifications. The first ''YF-100A'' performed its maiden flight on 25 May 1953, seven months ahead of schedule. Flight testing demonstrated both the F-100's promising performance and several deficiencies, which included its tendency of yaw instability and inertia coupling that led to numerous fatal accidents. On 27 September 1954, the F-100A officially entered ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Long March 12
The Long March 12 (), or Chang Zheng 12 as in pinyin, abbreviated LM-12 for export or CZ-12 within China, is a Chinese medium-lift launch vehicle carrier rocket. The manufacturer is Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology. It is capable of placing at least 12 tonnes of payload in low Earth orbit and at least 6 tonnes in a 700 km Sun-synchronous orbit. Its first launch took place on November 30, 2024 from the Hainan International Commercial Aerospace Launch Site on Hainan island. There is also a planned reusable version of the rocket, the CZ-12A; efforts are currently underway to verify stage-reusability technology via vertical take-off, vertical landing (VTVL) tests. Overview On 26 February 2024, the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC) released its annual "Blue Book" which detailed the company's launch plans for the coming year; one of the projects revealed in the Blue Book is the new Long March 12 medium-lift rocket. Long March 12 (CZ-12) is des ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RD-120
The RD-120 (, GRAU index: 11D123) is a Liquid-propellant rocket, liquid upper stage rocket engine burning RG-1 (propellant), RG-1 (refined kerosene) and LOX in an Staged combustion cycle (rocket), oxidizer rich staged combustion cycle with an Rocket propellant#Mixture ratio, O/F ratio of 2.6. It is used in the second stage of the Zenit (rocket family), Zenit family of launch vehicles. It has a single, fixed combustion chamber and thus on the Zenit it is paired with the RD-8 Vernier thruster, vernier engine. The engine was developed from 1976 to 1985 by NPO Energomash with V.P. Radovsky leading the development. It is manufactured by, among others, Yuzhmash in Ukraine. It should not be confused with the RD-0120, which is a discontinued LOX/hydrogen rocket engine that was used in the Soviet Energia (rocket), Energia launch system. History During the Buran programme initial development of the 11D77 —the launch vehicle later known as Zenit (rocket family), Zenit—, Chemical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Long March 6
The Long March 6 () or Chang Zheng 6 as in pinyin, abbreviated LM 6 for export or CZ 6 within China, is a Chinese liquid-fuel rocket, liquid-fuelled launch vehicle of the Long March (rocket family), Long March family, which was developed by the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC) and the Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology (SAST). The rocket was developed in the 2000s, and made its maiden flight in 2015. As one of the new generation rocket family, the Long March 6 was designed to be a light capacity, "high-speed response" rocket, complementing the heavy lift Long March 5 and the mid-heavy lift Long March 7 rocket families. It is capable of placing at least of payload into a Sun-synchronous orbit. The first stage of the Long March 6 was derived from the booster rockets being developed for the Long March 5 rocket. It is powered by a YF-100 engine, which generates of thrust from burning kerosene and LOX as rocket fuel and oxidiser. This was the first ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Long March 6A
The Long March 6A () or Chang Zheng 6A as in pinyin, abbreviated LM 6A for export or CZ 6A within China, is a Chinese medium-lift launch vehicle in the Long March family, which was developed by the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC). The vehicle is a further development of the Long March 6, with two YF-100 engines on the first stage as opposed to one on the Long March 6, augmented by four solid rocket boosters. The Long March 6A is China's first rocket with solid rocket boosters, and only one so far to combine solid and liquid fuel technology in one rocket. There also exists a shorter boosterless variant of the 6A called the Long March 6C. The maiden launch of the Long March 6A took place on March 29, 2022, successfully reaching orbit. It was also the first launch from the newly built launch complex 9A in Taiyuan. Launch statistics List of launches Mishaps After the release of the Yunhai 3 following the Y2 launch of 11 November 2022, the Long ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Long March 6C
The Long March 6C (CZ-6C) () is a Chinese two-stage-to-orbit liquid-fueled launch vehicle designed and manufactured by Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology, a subsidiary of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation. The rocket is a dual engine first stage variant of the Long March 6; alternatively, it may be considered to be a slightly shorter single stick variant of the Long March 6A. Both the first and second stages of the rocket use liquid oxygen and RP-1 RP-1 (Rocket Propellant-1 or Refined Petroleum-1) and similar fuels like RG-1 and T-1 are highly refined kerosene formulations used as rocket fuel. Liquid-fueled rockets that use RP-1 as fuel are known as kerolox rockets. In their engines, RP- ... propellants. It is employed to launch small and medium-sized military, civilian and commercial satellites to LEOs and Sun-synchronous orbits; it is capable of lifting 2,400 kg to 500 km SSOs. The rocket undertook a successful maiden launch on 7 May 20 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
YF-115
The YF-115 is a Chinese liquid rocket engine burning LOX and kerosene in an oxidizer-rich staged combustion cycle. A high efficiency/high thrust environmental-friendly rocket engine was always an objective within Programme 863. Development began in the 2000s, along with its sibling, the bigger YF-100, which would power the LM-5, LM-6 and LM-7 boosters and first stages. Testing was directed by the China National Space Administration (CNSA) commencing in 2005. Development works are mainly carried out by the Xi'an Aerospace Propulsion Institute. It is used as the upper stage engine for China's next generation of medium and light environmental-friendly launch vehicles, namely the Long March 6 and the Long March 7. During early 2012, the engine system successfully passed vacuum testing. It is China's first upper stage rocket engine to adopt the staged-combustion cycle. In the LM-6 upper stage it will use a single YF-115 with gimbaled mount. While the LM-7 upper stage will use fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Long March 8
Long March 8 () is an orbital launch vehicle developed by the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology to launch up to 5000 kg to a 700 km altitude Sun-synchronous orbit (SSO). The rocket is based on the Long March 7 with its first stage and two boosters, along with the existing liquid hydrogen burning third stage of the Long March 3A/ 3B/ 3C and 7A as its second stage. The boosters are omitted in the "core only" variant that first flew on its second launch in February 2022. A planned future launch vehicle variant of the Long March 8 will be partially reusable by featuring a combined booster recovery of the first stage and the boosters as a single unit. The maiden flight of the Long March 8 was launched on 22 December 2020 from the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site. CZ-8A variant An upgraded version of the Long March 8, the Long March 8A (), has successfully debuted on February 11, 2025 with increased capability of up to 7 tonnes to a 700 km altitude sun-synchr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RD-801
The RD801 ( Ukrainian: ) is a Ukrainian liquid propellant rocket engine burning LOX and Kerosene ( RG-1) in a staged combustion cycle. It has a single combustion chamber that provides thrust vector control by gimbaling of the nozzle in two axis by +/- 6°. It is being designed in Ukraine by Yuzhnoye Design Bureau for the prospective first stage propulsion of the Mayak rocket family. The RD801 as well as the RD-810 are being designed based on the work of the RD-8 vernier and the maintenance and improvement of the RD-120 engines. The RD801 can be used stand alone on a Mayak or in a cluster. Versions The designers have proposed three versions of this engine: * RD801 ( Ukrainian: ): This is the basic module with no TVC. * RD801 ( Ukrainian: ): This is a version which includes a TVC by gimbaling of the nozzle in two axis by +/- 6°. * RD801V ( Ukrainian: ): High altitude of the rocket engine with extended nozzle. See also *Mayak – Prospective Ukrainian launch vehicle family ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
