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YF-1
The YF-1 was a Chinese liquid rocket engine burning N2O4 and UDMH in a gas generator cycle. It is a basic engine which when mounted in a four engine module forms the YF-2. It was used as the basis for developing a high altitude version known as the YF-3. Some authors state that it was a direct copy of С.2.1100/С.2.1150 La-350 booster engine developed by Isayev OKB-2 (NII-88). What is known is that the engine development had great trouble with combustion instabilities and it took a long time to have a reliable combustion. Versions The basic engine has been used since the DF-3 rocket and has been the main propulsion of the Long March 1 orbital launch vehicles. * YF-1: Core engine. Flown originally on the DF-3. Used UDMH/ AK27S as propellant. Allegedly a copy of OKB-2's С.2.1150. * YF-1A: Core engine. Improved version that would power the DF-3A, DF-4 and Long March 1. * YF-1B: Core engine. Improved version used on the Long March 1D. Switched propellants to UDMH/ N2O4 * YF-3 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Long March 1D
The Long March 1D was a member of China's Long March rocket family. During the 1990s China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, CALT developed an improved version of the DF-4 to test the Atmospheric entry, reentry vehicle warheads of the DF-31. They took advantage of this development and offered it as the Long March 1D for commercial application. The modifications included: * An DF-4 improved first stage, which used the new version of the YF-1#Modules, YF-2B, and switched propellants to Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine, UDMH/Dinitrogen tetroxide, N2O4 for improved performance. * The replacement of the DF-4 second stage motor YF-1#Variations, YF-3A. The proposed replacement was the Long March 4 (rocket family), Long March 4 third stage engine, the YF-40. * A new inline inter-stage would replace the existing tapered connector between the second and third stages, which allowed for an additional 70 cm diameter to be added to the third stage skirt. This would allow for the addition of R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Long March 1
The Long March 1 (长征一号), also known as the Changzheng-1 (CZ-1), was the first member of China's Long March 1 (rocket family), Long March rocket family. Like the U.S.'s and the Soviet Union's first rockets, it was based on a class of ballistic missiles, namely the DF-4 class. History Development started in January 1965 as the Seventh Ministry of Machinery Industry issued a design task. The two stage liquid fueled DF-4 was modified by adding a third stage in order to make it to the desired orbit. Long March 1's second flight launched China's first satellite Dong Fang Hong 1 to space on 24 April 1970. The rocket was operational during 1970–1971. Wang Xiji was the chief designer of the rocket. Launch History See also * DF-4 - ICBM on which this rocket is based * Long March 1D - Other member of this rocket family * YF-1#Modules, YF-2A - Main propulsion module * FG-02 - Upper stage References {{Long March rockets Long March (rocket family) Vehicles intro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Long March 1 (rocket Family)
The Long March rockets are a family of expendable launch system rockets operated by the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation. The rockets are named after the Chinese Red Army's 1934–35 Long March military retreat during the Chinese Civil War. The Long March series has performed more than 500 launches, including missions to low Earth orbit, Sun-synchronous orbit, geostationary transfer orbit, and Earth-Moon transfer orbit. The new-generation carrier rockets, Long March 5, Long March 6, Long March 7, Long March 11, and Long March 8, have made their maiden flights. Among them, the Long March 5 has a low-Earth orbit carrying capacity of 25,000 kilograms, and a geosynchronous transfer orbit carrying capacity of 14,000 kilograms. History China used the Long March 1 rocket to launch its first satellite, Dong Fang Hong 1 (lit. "The East is Red 1"), into low Earth orbit on 24 April 1970, becoming the fifth nation to achieve independent launch capability. Early launch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DF-3A
The DF-3A (NATO: CSS-2) is a Chinese liquid-fueled, single-stage, nuclear intermediate-range ballistic missile that entered service in 1971. In 1988 China sold several dozen (reportedly between 36 and 60) DF-3A missiles to Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia publicly displayed them for the first time in 2014. History Deployment of the missile began in 1971, reaching a peak of 110 by 1984, then shrinking to 50 in 1993. It was estimated by the U.S. DoD that there were 17 missiles and 10 launchers in operation as of 2010 under a single brigade. By May 2014, it appeared that the last unit operating the DF-3A completed conversion to the DF-21 missile from satellite photos of changes to the launch unit site. - Fas.org, 21 May 2014 Users ;: |
Academy Of Aerospace Liquid Propulsion Technology
The Academy of Aerospace Liquid Propulsion Technology or AALPT (in Chinese: 航天推进技术研究院; 航天六院) is a conglomerate of Chinese state-owned enterprises that develops liquid-propellant rocket engines and guidance systems for China's space launchers. It employs about 10,000 people in about ten entities located in the Shaanxi region. AALPT is a subsidiary of the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC). Activity AALPT's main activity is the development of liquid-propellant rocket engines for Chinese space launchers. The YF-77 and YF-100 engines, which will power the Long March 5 family of launchers, are produced in AALPT's facilities. The conglomerate brings together five research centers and four factories. History AALPT was created around 1970 under the base name 067 at Mount Quinling in Shaanxi as part of the industrialization of what was called the Third Front, that is, the inland regions of southwestern China. Later, the company con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after India, representing 17.4% of the world population. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and Borders of China, borders fourteen countries by land across an area of nearly , making it the list of countries and dependencies by area, third-largest country by land area. The country is divided into 33 Province-level divisions of China, province-level divisions: 22 provinces of China, provinces, 5 autonomous regions of China, autonomous regions, 4 direct-administered municipalities of China, municipalities, and 2 semi-autonomous special administrative regions. Beijing is the country's capital, while Shanghai is List of cities in China by population, its most populous city by urban area and largest financial center. Considered one of six ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aleksei Mihailovich Isaev
Aleksei Mikhailovich Isaev (also Isayev; Russian: Алексе́й Миха́йлович Иса́ев; October 24, 1908, in Saint Petersburg – June 10, 1971, in Moscow) was a Soviet engineer in the Soviet space program, working on rocket combustion and propellant. Aleksei Isaev began work under Leonid Dushkin during World War II, on an experimental rocket-powered interceptor plane, the BI-1. In 1944 he formed his own design bureau to engineer liquid-propellant engines. After abandoning the heavy, complex and undercooled German engine designs, Russia's principal engine designer Valentin Glushko turned to Isaev's innovations: thin-walled copper combustion chambers backed by steel support, anti-oscillation baffle to prevent chugging, and the flat injector plate with mixing-swirling injectors. The latter was an enormous simplification of the "plumbing nightmare" of the V-2 engine, because it avoided the need for separate fuel lines to each sprayer. Staged combustion (� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rocket Engines Of China
A rocket (from , and so named for its shape) is a vehicle that uses jet propulsion to accelerate without using any surrounding air. A rocket engine produces thrust by reaction to exhaust expelled at high speed. Rocket engines work entirely from propellant carried within the vehicle; therefore a rocket can fly in the vacuum of space. Rockets work more efficiently in a vacuum and incur a loss of thrust due to the opposing pressure of the atmosphere. Multistage rockets are capable of attaining escape velocity from Earth and therefore can achieve unlimited maximum altitude. Compared with airbreathing engines, rockets are lightweight and powerful and capable of generating large accelerations. To control their flight, rockets rely on momentum, airfoils, auxiliary reaction engines, gimballed thrust, momentum wheels, deflection of the exhaust stream, propellant flow, spin, or gravity. Rockets for military and recreational uses date back to at least 13th-century China. Significa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red Fuming Nitric Acid
Red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) is a storable oxidizer used as a rocket propellant. It consists of nitric acid (), dinitrogen tetroxide () and a small amount of water. The color of red fuming nitric acid is due to the dinitrogen tetroxide, which breaks down partially to form nitrogen dioxide. The nitrogen dioxide dissolves until the liquid is saturated, and produces toxic fumes with a suffocating odor. RFNA increases the flammability of combustible materials and is highly exothermic when reacting with water. Since nitrogen dioxide is a product of decomposition of nitric acid, its addition stabilizes nitric acid in accordance with Le Chatelier's principle. Addition of dinitrogen tetroxide also increases oxidizing power and lowers the freezing point. It is usually used with an inhibitor (with various, sometimes secret, substances, including hydrogen fluoride; any such combination is called ''inhibited RFNA'', ''IRFNA'') because nitric acid attacks most container materials. Hydrogen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dongfeng (missile)
The ''Dongfeng'' () series, typically abbreviated as "DF missiles", are a family of short, medium, intermediate-range and intercontinental ballistic missiles operated by the Chinese People's Liberation Army Rocket Force (formerly the Second Artillery Corps). History After the signing of the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance in 1950, the Soviet Union assisted China's military R&D with training, technical documentation, manufacturing-equipment and licensed production of Soviet weapons. In the area of ballistic missiles, the Soviets transferred R-1 (SS-1), R-2 (SS-2) and R-11F technology to China.13,000 km). Currently, an estimated 24-36 DF-5A's are in service as China's primary ICBM force. If the DF-5A is launched from the eastern part of the Qinghai province, it can reach cities like Los Angeles, Sacramento and San Francisco. If it is launched from the most eastern parts of northeastern provinces, it can cover all of the mainland of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NII-88
TsNIIMash () is a Russian rocket and spacecraft scientific center, dealing with all phases of development from conceptual design to flight test. The Institute is the main analytical center of Roskosmos in the field of system-wide studies of the problems of the development of Russia's RKT with a wide range of tasks: from conceptual design and long-term prospects for the development of rocket and space technology to specific technological developments and their conversion in the interests of other industries. It was established in 1946. The name TsNIIMash is an initialism for Central Research Institute of Machine Building (). History Originally called NII-88 (Scientific-Research Institute No.88), the entity was established on May 13, 1946, located at what was then called Kaliningrad, Moscow Oblast (now Korolyov, Moscow Oblast, Korolyov), northeast of Moscow. It was based on Plant No. 88 (full name: M.I. Kalinin Plant No. 88, producing artillery and tanks during WW2) and headed by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
KB KhIMMASH
The A.M. Isayev Chemical Engineering Design Bureau ( Russian: ), also known as KB KhimMash or just KBKhM, is a Russian rocket engine design and manufacturing company. It is located in the city of Korolyov. It started as the OKB-2 division of the NII-88 research institute, where A.Isaev directed the development of liquid rocket engines for ballistic missile submarines. Products Current engines Engines in current production: *Monopropellant Thrusters **DOT-5 **DOT-25 **MLC-10 **MLC-50 *Bipropellant Thrusters ** S5.142 (DST-25) **DST-50 **DST-100 **DST-100A **DST-200 **DST-200A **DMT-6 **DMT-500 **DMT-600 **DMT-1000 **DMT-2200 *Main propulsion ** S5.80 ** S5.92 ** S5.98 ** KVD-1 *Propulsion Modules **KTDU-80 *Experimental Engines **S5.86.1000-0 Former engines Engines that are no longer produced. *Monopropellant Thrusters **S5.70: Used on Phobos 1 spacecraft. **S5.70: Used on Phobos 1 spacecraft. *Bipropellant Thrusters **S5.144: Used on the control module 17D61 of the Ikar. **S5 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
