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Xian Ling (religion)
''Xian ling'' () is the notion of a numen, numinous, sacred (''ling (Chinese religion), ling'') divine presence, presence of a god or gods in the Chinese traditional religion. The term can be variously translated as "divine efficacy", "divine virtue", or also "efficacious response"; these terms describe the manifestation and activity of the power of a god (, "divine energy" or "divine effervescence", see qi). Within the context of traditional cosmology, the interaction of these energies constitutes the universe (the All-God, Tian), and their proper cultivation (bao ying) upholds the human world order. Reciprocity to divine response: rite and virtuous deed The relationship between men and gods is one of reciprocal exchange of energy and the cultivation of godly energy. Through rituals of worship and proper conduct, people acquire and maintain a sense of stable world order, peace, and balance (bao ying). Violating the rule of reciprocity may undermine the balance and invite chaos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Huangdi Stele In The Sacrificial Hall Of The Xuanyuan Temple In Huangling, Yan'an, Shaanxi , Hebei, China
{{disambiguation, geo ...
Huangdi () may refer to: *Yellow Emperor (黃帝), a legendary Chinese monarch who supposedly ruled before the Xia dynasty *Emperor of China (皇帝), the imperial title of Chinese monarchs; and the superlative monarchical title in the Sinosphere Places * Huangdi, Henan, a town in Huojia County, Henan, China * Huangdi, Liaoning, a town in Suizhong County, Liaoning, China * Huangdi, Xinjiang, a town in Yarkant County, Xinjiang, China * Huangdi Township, a township in Longhua County Longhua County () is a county in the northeast of Hebei province, China, bordering Inner Mongolia to the east. It is under the administration of Chengde City. Administrative divisions Towns: *Longhua, Longhua County, Longhua Town (), Hanmaying ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yulin, Shaanxi
Yulin ( zh, s=榆林 , p=Yúlín , ‘’’local pronunciation:[ˈy³⁵ˌljʌŋ]’’’) is a prefecture-level city in the Shaanbei region of Shaanxi province, China, bordering Inner Mongolia to the north, Shanxi to the east, and Ningxia to the west. It has an administrative area of and as of the 2020 Chinese census had a population of 3,634,750. History Yulin played host to the 11th CHIME (European Foundation for Chinese Music Research) conference in August 2006. From 26–29 August 2017, the 1st IGU-AGLE Commission's conference on 'Global Rural Development and Land Capacity Building.' was held in Yulin University. Geography Yulin is the northernmost prefecture-level city of Shaanxi, and borders Ordos City (Inner Mongolia) to the north, Xinzhou and Lüliang (Shanxi) to the east, Yan'an to the south, and Wuzhong, Ningxia, Wuzhong (Ningxia) to the west. To the north and northwest of the city lies the Ordos Desert, though the countryside is very green due to the many small shru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fudan University
Fudan University (FDU) is a public university, national public university in Yangpu, Shanghai, Yangpu, Shanghai, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education (China), Ministry of Education and is co-funded with the Shanghai Municipal People's Government, Shanghai Municipal Government. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction. The university was originally founded by the Chinese Jesuits, Jesuit priest Ma Xiangbo in 1905. It is a member of the C9 League. History 1905–1917: college-preparatory school The university traces its origins to Fudan College, established in 1905 by Chinese Jesuit priest Ma Xiangbo. Prior to founding Fudan, Ma had established Aurora University (Shanghai), Aurora College, where the Society of Jesus frequently opposed and intervened in student movements. This led Ma to create a new institution, Fudan College, as a preparatory school for higher education with government funding, offering th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yuan Fen
''Yuán'' ( zh, t=緣, zh, s=缘, first=t, poj=iân, p=yuán, j=jyun4) or ''Yuanfen'' ( zh, t=緣分, zh, s=缘分, first=t, poj=iân-hūn, p=yuánfèn, j=jyun4fan6), "fateful coincidence," is a concept in Chinese society describing good and bad chances and potential relationships. It can also be translated as "destiny, luck as conditioned by one's past", or "natural affinity among friends." It is comparable to the concept of ''karma'' in Buddhism, but is interactive rather than individual. The driving forces and causes behind are said to be actions done in previous incarnations. Scholars Yang Kuo-shu and David Ho have analysed the psychological advantages of this belief: by assigning causality of negative events to beyond personal control, people tend to maintain good relationships, avoid conflict, and promote social harmony; likewise, when positive events are seen as a result of , personal credit is not directly assigned, which reduces pride on one side of the relationship ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ming Yun
''Ming yun'' () is a concept of the personal life and destiny in the Chinese folk religion. ''Ming'' means 'life', 'right', or 'destiny', and ''yun'' means 'circumstance' or 'individual choice'. ''Mìng'' is given and influenced by Tian 'heaven', akin to the Mandate of Heaven of monarchs as identified by Mencius. ''Ming yun'' is thus perceived as being both fixed, flexible, and open-ended.Lizhu, Na. 2013. p. 21 See also * ''Bao ying ''Bàoyìng'' ( zh, c=報應) is a concept of cosmic and moral reciprocity in the Chinese folk religion. It implies that people dwell in a moral universe, a universe that is kept ordained by mores, good actions, thus moral retribution is in fac ...'' * '' Yuanfen'' * '' Wu'' References Sources * Fan Lizhu, Chen Na. The Revival of Indigenous Religion in China'. Fudan University, 2013.{{China-reli-stub Concepts in Chinese folk religion Confucianism ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bao Ying
''Bàoyìng'' ( zh, c=報應) is a concept of cosmic and moral reciprocity in the Chinese folk religion. It implies that people dwell in a moral universe, a universe that is kept ordained by mores, good actions, thus moral retribution is in fact a divine retribution, cosmic retribution. It determines fate, as written in the Book of Documents: "on the doer of good, heaven sends down all blessings, and on the doer of evil, he sends down all calamities." () In Chinese Buddhism, Buddhism and Daoism, bàoyìng is equated to the concept of dharma, dharmic retribution. The cosmic significance of ''bào yìng'' is better understood exploring other two traditional concepts of fate and meaning: * , the personal destiny, in which is "life" or "right", the given status of life, and defines "circumstance" and "individual choice"; is given and influenced by the transcendent force , that is the same as the "Mandate of Heaven, divine right" () of ancient rulers as identified by Mencius. Per ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wu (Chinese Religion)
''Wu'' () is a concept of awareness, consciousness, or spiritual enlightenment in the Chinese folk religion and Chinese Buddhism. Chinese Buddhism The term originally appeared Chinese Buddhism as a shortened form of ''juéwù'' (), a term seen in the 南本涅槃經 (a 36-volume translation of the '' Mahaparinibbana Sutta'') and 六十華嚴經 (a 60-volume translation of the ''Buddhāvataṃsaka Sūtra''). It is related to bodhi (), but usually describes a much earlier, initial insight. The equivalent term in Japanese Buddhism is ''satori''. A related term is "opening of awareness" ''kāiwù'' ( zh, c=開悟). Fan and Chen (2013), in their discussion of Chinese folk religion (see below), translate ''juéwù'' literally as "awakening of awareness". Chinese folk religion According to scholarly studies, many practitioners who have recently "reverted" to the Chinese traditional religion use the term ''juéwù'' or ''kāiwù'' to describe their initial insight into the inter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Folk Religion
Chinese folk religion comprises a range of traditional religious practices of Han Chinese, including the Chinese diaspora. This includes the veneration of ''Shen (Chinese folk religion), shen'' ('spirits') and Chinese ancestor worship, ancestors, and worship devoted to Chinese deities and immortals, deities and immortals, who can be deities of places or natural phenomena, of human behaviour, or progenitors of Chinese kin, family lineages. Stories surrounding these gods form a loose canon of Chinese mythology. By the Song dynasty (960–1279), these practices had been Religious syncretism, blended with Buddhist, Confucian, and Taoist teachings to form the popular religious system which has lasted in many ways until the present day. The government of China, government of modern China generally tolerates popular religious organizations, but has suppressed or persecuted those that they fear would undermine social stability. After the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1911, governments ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Divine Presence
Divine presence, presence of God, Inner God, or simply presence is a concept in religion, spirituality, and theology that deals with the ability of a deity to be "present" with human beings, sometimes associated with omnipresence. Conceptualizations The concept is shared by many religious traditions, is found in a number of independently derived conceptualizations, and each of these has culturally distinct terminology. Some of the various relevant concepts and terms are: * Immanence – usually applied in monotheistic, pantheistic, pandeistic, or panentheistic faiths to suggest that the spiritual world permeates the mundane. It is often contrasted with transcendence, in which the divine is seen to be outside the material world. * Inner light – in various religions, the presence of God as a "light". The Religious Society of Friends regards this concept as a fundamental belief. * Divine light – an aspect of divine presence with qualities of illumination: thought, intelle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Numen
Numen (plural numina) is a Latin term for "divinity", "divine presence", or "divine will". The Latin authors defined it as follows:For a more extensive account, refer to Cicero writes of a "divine mind" (), a god "whose numen everything obeys", and a "divine power" () "which pervades the lives of men". It causes the motions and cries of birds during augury. In Virgil's recounting of the blinding of the one-eyed giant, Polyphemus, from the ''Odyssey'', in his ''Aeneid'', he has Odysseus and his men first "ask for the assistance of the great numina" (). Reviewing public opinion of Augustus on the day of his funeral, the historian Tacitus reports that some thought "no honor was left to the gods" when he "established the cult of himself" () "with temples and the effigies of numina" (). Pliny the Younger in a letter to Paternus raves about the "power", the "dignity", and "the majesty"; in short, the "''numen'' of history". Lucretius uses the expression , or "bidding of the mind", whe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shanxi Province
Shanxi; formerly romanised as Shansi is a province in North China. Its capital and largest city of the province is Taiyuan, while its next most populated prefecture-level cities are Changzhi and Datong. Its one-character abbreviation is (), after the state of Jin that existed there during the Spring and Autumn period (). The name ''Shanxi'' means 'west of the mountains', a reference to its location west of the Taihang Mountains. Shanxi borders Hebei to the east, Henan to the south, Shaanxi to the west and Inner Mongolia to the north. Shanxi's terrain is characterised by a plateau bounded partly by mountain ranges. Shanxi's culture is largely dominated by the ethnic Han majority, who make up over 99% of its population. Jin Chinese is considered by some linguists to be a distinct language from Mandarin and its geographical range covers most of Shanxi. Both Jin and Mandarin are spoken in Shanxi. Shanxi is a leading producer of coal in China, possessing roughly a third of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lüliang Prefecture
Lüliang ( zh, s=吕梁 , t=呂梁 , p=Lǚliáng), also spelled as Lvliang or Lyuliang, is a prefecture-level city in western Shanxi province, People's Republic of China. It borders Shaanxi province across the Yellow River to the west, Jinzhong and the provincial capital of Taiyuan to the east, Linfen to the south, and Xinzhou to the north. It has a total area of and a total population of 3,398,431 inhabitants according to the 2020 Chinese census, of whom 456,355 lived in the Lishi District metropolitan area. History Originally organized by the People's Republic of China as the Jinsui Border Region, the region was sparsely populated in the early 20th century. However, the discovery of coal, iron, and aluminum deposits incentivized economic investment and population growth in the region. In May 1971, Lüliang was established as a prefecture-level area, and the area was reformed into a prefecture-level city in July 2004. In 2010, the city had a GDP growth rate of 21%; at the tim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
