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Wuhua Dialect
The Wuhua dialect (, Kak-ka-fa (-va), Kak-fa (-va) is a major dialect of Hakka Chinese spoken in Wuhua County, Jiexi County, Shenzhen, eastern Dongguan, Northern Guangdong around Shaoguan, Sichuan Province, and Tonggu County in Jiangxi Province. Overall, the Wuhua dialect is very similar to the prestige dialect of Hakka, the Meixian dialect. Characteristics The Wuhua dialect is characterized by the pronunciation of several voiced Middle Chinese ''qu-sheng'' (fourth tone) syllables of Moiyen dialect in the ''Shang-sheng'' (third tone). The tone-level of the ''yang-ping'' is a rising /13/, /35/ or /24/ instead of the low-level /11/ usually found in Meixian. In Wuhua-concentrated areas of Northern Bao'an and Eastern Dongguan, the same Meixian dialect tone level of the ''yang-ping'' is found. Two sets of fricatives and affricates (z, c, s, zh, ch, sh, s / ts’ / s, s sh and s sh and ʃ ʃh ʃ appear, similar to Mandarin Chinese. The distinctive "y" final is found ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Republic Of China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after India, representing 17.4% of the world population. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and Borders of China, borders fourteen countries by land across an area of nearly , making it the list of countries and dependencies by area, third-largest country by land area. The country is divided into 33 Province-level divisions of China, province-level divisions: 22 provinces of China, provinces, 5 autonomous regions of China, autonomous regions, 4 direct-administered municipalities of China, municipalities, and 2 semi-autonomous special administrative regions. Beijing is the country's capital, while Shanghai is List of cities in China by population, its most populous city by urban area and largest financial center. Considered one of six ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tonggu County
Tonggu County () is a county of Jiangxi province, People's Republic of China, bordering Hunan province to the west. It is under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city A prefecture-level city () or prefectural city is an administrative division of the China, People's Republic of China (PRC), ranking below a province of China, province and above a Counties of the People's Republic of China, county in China's ... of Yichun. Administrative divisions In the present, Tonggu County has 6 towns and 3 townships. ;6 towns ;3 townships * Gaoqiao () * Gangkou () * Daixi () Demographics The population of the district was in 1999. National Population Statistics Materials by County and City - 1999 Period, ''in'China County & City Population 1999, Harvard China Historical GIS/ref> 70% of the population are Hakka-speakers. Climate Notes and references External links *Government site- County-level divisions of Jiangxi {{Jiangxi-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fengshun County
Fengshun ( postal: Fungshun or Pungshan; ) is a county in Meizhou City, in the east of Guangdong Province, southern China. History Fengshun County was established in the third year of Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty (1738). It was placed under the jurisdiction of Chaozhou Prefecture at that time. From 1988, it is placed under the jurisdiction of Meizhou City. Ethno-linguistic make-up Fengshun is noted for its large Hakka population. Administrative divisions Fengshun County's executive, legislature and judiciary are based in Tangkeng (), along with its CPC and PSB branches. The county is responsible for the administration of 16 towns and one Township Enterprise. ;Towns * Baxiangshan () *Beidou () * Dalonghua () * Fengliang () * Huangjin () * Jianqiao () * Liuhuang () * Longgang () * Pantian () * Puzhai () * Shatian () * Tanjiang () * Tangkeng () * Tangnan () * Tangxi () *Xiaosheng The ''xiaosheng'' () is a male role type in Chinese opera and a subtyp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Han River (Guangdong)
The Han River () is a river in southeast China. It is located mainly in eastern Guangdong and has a total length of . The river is combined with two main tributary rivers, Mei River and Ting River, at Sanheba (三河坝), Dabu County. Han River flows south through the Han River Delta entering the South China Sea at Chenghai District and Longhu District of Shantou. The Teochew people refer to the river as "the Mother River". The river is named after Han Yu, a writer, poet and government official of the Tang dynasty, in honor of his contribution to Chaoshan. It was originally named as E Xi () before Han Yu's exile to Chaozhou. The river became calm under Han's river regulation project. To remember him, the locals rename the river to Han River after his departure. Gallery References Rivers of Guangdong {{China-river-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hashimoto Mantaro
was a Japanese sinologist and linguist who is best known for advocating research on language geography, linguistic typology, and how different areal features in the varieties of Chinese (such as tonal distinctions) reflect contact with other language families. Life and career Mantarō J. Hashimoto was born in Sawano-mura (沢野村), Nitta District, Gunma (currently Ōta City). In 1955, he received a BA in Chinese Literature from the University of Tokyo, and began graduate studies, but dropped out of the doctoral course in 1960. He obtained a PhD in linguistics from Ohio State University in 1965, and his dissertation was on thPhonology of ancient Chinese From 1966 to 1969, he was a visiting professor at the University of Hawaii, Osaka City University, and Princeton University. Hashimoto became an assistant professor at the Institute for Asian and African Languages and Cultures, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies in 1970 and Professor in 1973, where he remained for the rest o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sichuan
Sichuan is a province in Southwestern China, occupying the Sichuan Basin and Tibetan Plateau—between the Jinsha River to the west, the Daba Mountains to the north, and the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau to the south. Its capital city is Chengdu, and its population stands at 83 million. Sichuan neighbors Qinghai and Gansu to the north, Shaanxi and Chongqing to the east, Guizhou and Yunnan to the south, and Tibet to the west. During antiquity, Sichuan was home to the kingdoms of Ba and Shu until their incorporation by the Qin. During the Three Kingdoms era (220–280), Liu Bei's state of Shu was based in Sichuan. The area was devastated in the 17th century by Zhang Xianzhong's rebellion and the area's subsequent Manchu conquest, but recovered to become one of China's most productive areas by the 19th century. During World War II, Chongqing served as the temporary capital of the Republic of China, and was heavily bombed. It was one of the last mainland areas captured ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yuebei
Northern Guangdong, commonly referred to as Yuebei (), is a region of northern Guangdong province. It is a region encompassing mountainous and hilly terrain, and includes the region of Guangdong north of the Tropic of Cancer. Yuebei is a multiethnic region, with a large population speaking Yuebei native languages (／ Yuebei Tuhua), Cantonese, Hakka, among others. While it has a history of engaging with variously government-led poverty alleviation projects since the 1980s, the region is increasingly becoming a location for the development of industrial parks, tourism, and organic food production. See also * Yuebei Tuhua Other regions of Guangdong *Pearl River Delta * Yuedong, region of eastern Guangdong including Jieyang, Chaozhou, Shanwei and Shantou * Yuexi, region of western Guangdong including Maoming, Zhanjiang and Yangjiang Yangjiang (), alternately romanized via Cantonese as Yeungkong, is a prefecture-level city in southwestern Guangdong Province in the People's Republ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mandarin Chinese
Mandarin ( ; zh, s=, t=, p=Guānhuà, l=Mandarin (bureaucrat), officials' speech) is the largest branch of the Sinitic languages. Mandarin varieties are spoken by 70 percent of all Chinese speakers over a large geographical area that stretches from Yunnan in the southwest to Xinjiang in the northwest and Heilongjiang in the northeast. Its spread is generally attributed to the greater ease of travel and communication in the North China Plain compared to the more mountainous south, combined with the relatively recent spread of Mandarin to frontier areas. Many varieties of Mandarin, such as Southwestern Mandarin, those of the Southwest (including Sichuanese dialects, Sichuanese) and the Lower Yangtze Mandarin, Lower Yangtze, are not mutually intelligible with the Beijing dialect (or are only partially intelligible). Nevertheless, Mandarin as a group is often placed first in lists of languages by number of native speakers (with nearly one billion). Because Mandarin originated in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Affricates
An affricate is a consonant that begins as a stop and releases as a fricative, generally with the same place of articulation (most often coronal). It is often difficult to decide if a stop and fricative form a single phoneme or a consonant pair. English has two affricate phonemes, and , often spelled ''ch'' and ''j'', respectively. Examples The English sounds spelled "ch" and "j" ( broadly transcribed as and in the IPA), German and Italian ''z'' and Italian ''z'' are typical affricates, and sounds like these are fairly common in the world's languages, as are other affricates with similar sounds, such as those in Polish and Chinese. However, voiced affricates other than are relatively uncommon. For several places of articulation they are not attested at all. Much less common are labiodental affricates, such as in German, Kinyarwanda and Izi, or velar affricates, such as in Tswana (written ''kg'') or in High Alemannic Swiss German dialects. Worldwide, relative ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fricatives
A fricative is a consonant produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together. These may be the lower lip against the upper teeth, in the case of ; the back of the tongue against the soft palate in the case of German (the final consonant of '' Bach''); or the side of the tongue against the molars, in the case of Welsh (appearing twice in the name ''Llanelli''). This turbulent airflow is called frication. A particular subset of fricatives are the sibilants. When forming a sibilant, one still is forcing air through a narrow channel, but in addition, the tongue is curled lengthwise to direct the air over the edge of the teeth. English , , , and are examples of sibilants. The usage of two other terms is less standardized: "Spirant" is an older term for fricatives used by some American and European phoneticians and phonologists for non-sibilant fricatives. "Strident" could mean just "sibilant", but some authors include also labiode ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bao'an District
Bao'an District () is one of the nine districts comprising the city of Shenzhen, Guangdong province. It is one of the districts formerly lying outside the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone. History Bao'an was the historical name of Bao'an County (also known as Xin'an County) of the Qing dynasty, which included area of modern-day Shenzhen and Hong Kong. The area of today Bao'an District, was integrated into Shenzhen in 1979, which the Bao'an County was promoted as a city. Bao'an was reverted into county status in 1981, as the administrative unit of the area that belongs to Shenzhen, but now belongs to Shenzhen Special Economic Zone. Border patrols were also established in the border of the Economic Zone. In 1991, Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport, located in Bao'an County, was opened. Finally Bao'an district was established on January 1, 1993. Two New Districts () were created as sub-districts of Bao'an district, namely Guangming and Longhua new districts, in 2007 and 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moiyen Dialect
The Meixian dialect (; Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Mòi-yan-fa; IPA: ), also known as Moiyan dialect, as well as Meizhou dialect (), or Jiaying dialect and Gayin dialect, Kayin dialect is the prestige dialect of Hakka Chinese. It is named after Meixian District, Meizhou, Guangdong. Sixian dialect (in Taiwan) is very similar to Meixian dialect. Phonology Source: Initials There are two series of stops and affricates in Hakka, both voiceless: tenuis // and aspirated //. * When the initials // , // , // , and // are followed by a palatal medial // , they become []/[] , []/[] , [] , and []/[] , respectively. Rimes Moiyan Hakka has seven vowels, , , , , , and , that are romanised as ii, i, ê, a, e, o and u, respectively. Finals Moreover, Hakka finals exhibit the final consonants found in Middle Chinese, namely which are romanised as m, n, ng, b, d, and g respectively in the official Moiyan romanisation. Tone Moiyan Hakka has six tones. The Middle Chinese fully voiced initial s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
