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Work As Play
Work as play is the concept of a qualitative change in human work activity. An idea does not have a single author, but is present in studies and culture. Work is usually perceived as an external obligation and play as an internal compulsion. Consequently, turning work into play is seen as the solution to the alienation of labor. Nowadays, play is increasingly integrated into human labor activities. This approach is called gamification as applied to work. Anarchism American anarchist Bob Black, in his essay ''The Abolition of Work'' called for the complete abolition of labor. The method of achieving this goal is "turning work into play". Psychology According to Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, a broad understanding of what constitutes a game can include work. In addition, the factors for achieving a flow state desirable for labor activity are obvious characteristic of a game situation. A 2019 study showed that those who view their content creation as work had the highest levels of a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alienation Of Labor
Karl Marx's theory of alienation describes the separation and estrangement of people from their work, their wider world, their human nature, and their selves. Alienation is a consequence of the division of labour in a capitalist society, wherein a human being's life is lived as a mechanistic part of a social class. The theoretical basis of alienation is that a worker invariably loses the ability to determine life and destiny when deprived of the right to think (conceive) of themselves as the director of their own actions; to determine the character of these actions; to define relationships with other people; and to own those items of value from goods and services, produced by their own labour. Although the worker is an autonomous, self-realised human being, as an economic entity this worker is directed to goals and diverted to activities that are dictated by the bourgeoisie—who own the means of production—in order to extract from the worker the maximum amount of surplus va ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gamification
Gamification is the process of enhancing systems, services, organisations and activities through the integration of game design elements and principles in non-game contexts. The goal is to increase user engagement, motivation, competition and participation through the use of game mechanics such as points, badges, leaderboards and rewards. It is a component of system design, and it commonly employs game design elements to improve user engagement, organizational productivity, flow, learning, crowdsourcing, knowledge retention, employee recruitment and evaluation, usability, usefulness of systems, physical exercise, tailored interactions and icebreaker activities in dating apps, traffic violations, voter apathy, public attitudes about alternative energy, and more. A collection of research on gamification shows that a majority of studies on gamification find it has positive effects on individuals. However, individual and contextual differences exist. Gamification can be achi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Abolition Of Work
"The Abolition of Work" is an essay written by Bob Black in 1985. It was part of Black's first book, an anthology of essays entitled ''The Abolition of Work and Other Essays'' published by Loompanics Unlimited. It is an exposition of Black's "type 3 anarchism" – a blend of post-Situationist theory and individualist anarchism – focusing on a critique of the work ethic. Synopsis In the essay, Black advocates against work, and for play. He opens the essay with the sentence "No one should ever work". Black defines work as "compulsory production" enforced by "economic or political means", which he critizes both in capitalist and communist economic systems. Black does not argue for idleness, but for "a new way of life based on play". According to him, work is the source of the misery in the world. He considers the modern American worker of his time as a "part-time slave", in a hierarchy comparable to a monastery or prison. Black claims that work can largely be abolished, since ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi
Mihaly Robert Csikszentmihalyi ( , , ; 29 September 1934 – 20 October 2021) was a Hungarian-American psychologist. He recognized and named the psychological concept of " flow", a highly focused mental state conducive to productivity. He was the Distinguished Professor of Psychology and Management at Claremont Graduate University. Earlier, he served as the head of the department of psychology at the University of Chicago and of the department of sociology and anthropology at Lake Forest College. Early life and education Mihaly Robert Csikszentmihalyi was born on 29 September 1934 in Fiume, now Rijeka, then part of the Kingdom of Italy. His family name derives from the village of Csíkszentmihály in Transylvania. He was the third son of a career diplomat at the Hungarian Consulate in Fiume. In 1944, when Csikszentmihalyi was ten years old, one of his two older half-brothers was killed in the Siege of Budapest, and the other, Moricz, was sent to labor camps in Siberia by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flow State
''Flow State'' is the debut studio album by Australian singer-songwriter Tash Sultana, released on 31 August 2018, through their own record label, Lonely Lands Records (distributed by Sony Music Australia in Australia, and Mom + Pop elsewhere). Sultana spent parts of 2017 and 2018 writing and recording the album, and was seen working with Matt Corby and Anderson .Paak throughout their album sessions. Melbourne audio engineer Nikita Miltiadou was pictured in recording session images, and was a previous engineer on Sultana's prior EP and singles. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2018, ''Flow State'' won the ARIA Award for Best Blues and Roots Album. At the J Awards of 2018, the album was nominated for Australian Album of the Year. Background and recording Following the release of their extended play ''Notion'' in 2016, Sultana toured worldwide. In between tour dates, Sultana spent time in the studio to work on what was described to be their first album. In June 2017, in an inte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Critique Of Work
Critique of work or critique of labour is the critique of, or wish to abolish, work ''as such'', and to critique what the critics of works deem wage slavery. Critique of work can be existential, and focus on how labour can be and/or feel meaningless, and stands in the way for self-realisation. But the critique of work can also highlight how excessive work may cause harm to nature, the productivity of society, and/or society itself. The critique of work can also take on a more utilitarian In ethical philosophy, utilitarianism is a family of normative ethical theories that prescribe actions that maximize happiness and well-being for the affected individuals. In other words, utilitarian ideas encourage actions that lead to the ... character, in which work simply stands in the way for human happiness as well as health. History Many thinkers have critiqued and wished for the abolishment of labour as early as in Ancient Greece.Cross. G. social research,Vol 72:No 2: Summer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Playbor
Playbour (sometimes spelled playbor) is a hybrid form of play and labour, specifically in the digital games industry. History The term was coined by Julian Kücklich in 2005 in his article ''Precarious playbour: Modders and the digital games industry.'' Kücklich describes playbour as a type of free labour that fits neither traditional definitions of work nor the categories of play or leisure. Kücklich argues that the labor of gaming and the work that gamers put in to modifying the games they play should be recognized as labor that produces capital for others. Nevertheless, forms of playbour are often incorrectly perceived as being just an extension of play. Playbour is also sometimes categorized as a part of the gamification of society in general. While the term playbour itself is a relatively new invention, the phenomena it concerns – those of productive leisure and free labour in the digital games industry – have been around at least since the late 1990s. Kücklich st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Post-work Society
In futurology, political science, and science fiction, a post-work society is a society in which the nature of work has been radically transformed and traditional employment has largely become obsolete due to technological progress. Some post-work theorists imagine the complete automation of all jobs, or at least the takeover of all monotonous, rule-based, predictable and repetitive (and thus unworthy of humans) tasks in the future by ultimately cheaper, faster, more efficient, more reliable and more accurate intelligent machines. Additionally, these machines can work in harsher conditions and for longer periods of time without stopping than humans, which is expected to lead to a transition period of rapid economic growth, despite high rates of ever-increasing human unemployment. Overall, this development is expected to lead to an enormous increase in prosperity, provided that the wealth is redistributed. Future directions Future directions include the reshaping of the huma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serious Game
A serious game or applied game is a game designed for a primary purpose other than pure entertainment. The "serious" adjective is generally prepended to refer to video games used by industries like defense, education, scientific exploration, health care, emergency management, city planning, engineering, politics and art. Serious games are a subgenre of serious storytelling, where storytelling is applied "outside the context of entertainment, where the narration progresses as a sequence of patterns impressive in quality ... and is part of a thoughtful progress". The idea shares aspects with simulation generally, including flight simulation and medical simulation, but explicitly emphasizes the added pedagogical value of fun and competition. History The use of games in educational circles has been practiced since at least the twentieth century. For example, Lizzie Magie created a game called '' The Landlord's Game'', a predecessor of Monopoly, in 1903. Use of paper-based educ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Criticism Of Work
Critique of work or critique of labour is the critique of, or wish to abolish, work ''as such'', and to critique what the critics of works deem wage slavery. Critique of work can be existential, and focus on how labour can be and/or feel meaningless, and stands in the way for self-realisation. But the critique of work can also highlight how excessive work may cause harm to nature, the productivity of society, and/or society itself. The critique of work can also take on a more utilitarian character, in which work simply stands in the way for human happiness as well as health. History Many thinkers have critiqued and wished for the abolishment of labour as early as in Ancient Greece.Cross. G. social research,Vol 72:No 2: Summer 2005 An example of an opposing view is the anonymously published treatise titled ''Essay on Trade and Commerce'' published in 1770 which claimed that to break the spirit of idleness and independence of the English people, ideal "work-houses" should impris ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
