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Windmills In Leeuwarden
The city of Leeuwarden, Friesland, the Netherlands has had at least 130 windmills over the centuries. Only one, the ''Froskepôlemolen'' survives today within Leeuwarden. Six other mills which have stood in Leeuwarden survive elsewhere in the Netherlands. The mills had a wide range of industrial and agricultural uses. The industrial uses include the processing of bark for tanning leather, the fulling of cloth, the production of cement, the production of dyes, the extraction of oil (including the production of paints), the grinding of tobacco to produce snuff, the production of gunpowder, and the sawing of timber. Agricultural uses include the milling of buckwheat, oats, rye and wheat, the processing of chicory, the production of pearl barley, and the pumping of water. Surviving windmills Froskepôlemolen The '' grondzeiler Huizumer en Goutum Nieuwlandmolen'' was moved to a new site within Leeuwarden in 1962. It now stands on the island known as Froskepôlle at . The mill is a d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leeuwarden
Leeuwarden (; fy, Ljouwert, longname=yes /; Town Frisian: ''Liwwadden''; Leeuwarder dialect: ''Leewarden'') is a city and municipality in Friesland, Netherlands, with a population of 123,107 (2019). It is the provincial capital and seat of the Provincial Council of Friesland. It is located about 50 km west of Groningen and 110 km north east from the Dutch capital Amsterdam ( as the crow flies). The region has been continuously inhabited since the 10th century. It came to be known as Leeuwarden in the early 9th century AD and was granted city privileges in 1435. It is the main economic hub of Friesland, situated in a green and water-rich environment. Leeuwarden is a former royal residence and has a historic city centre, many historically relevant buildings, and a large shopping centre with squares and restaurants. Leeuwarden was awarded the title European Capital of Culture for 2018. The Elfstedentocht (Eleven Cities Tour), an ice skating tour passing the eleven cities o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oats
The oat (''Avena sativa''), sometimes called the common oat, is a species of cereal grain grown for its seed, which is known by the same name (usually in the plural, unlike other cereals and pseudocereals). While oats are suitable for human consumption as oatmeal and rolled oats, one of the most common uses is as livestock feed. Oats are a nutrient-rich food associated with lower blood cholesterol when consumed regularly. Avenins are oat gluten proteins, similar to gliadin in wheat. They can trigger celiac disease in a small proportion of people. Also, oat products are frequently contaminated by other gluten-containing grains, mainly wheat and barley. Origin The wild ancestor of ''Avena sativa'' and the closely related minor crop '' A. byzantina'' is '' A. sterilis''. ''A. sterilis'' is a wild oat that is naturally hexaploid. Genetic evidence shows the ancestral forms of ''A. sterilis'' grew in the Fertile Crescent of the Near East. Oats are usually thought to have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
De Eendracht, Anjum
De Eendracht (; English: '' The Unity'') is a smock mill in Anjum, Friesland, Netherlands which has been restored to working order. The mill is listed as a Rijksmonument, number 31556. (Click on ''Technische gegevens'' to view.) History The first mill on this site was a horse mill, ''De Gortmolen van Bakker Lambert'' (English: ''Baker Lambert's barley mill''), which was in existence by 1500. Circa 1760, this was replaced by a smock mill. On 24 May 1889 this mill was struck by lightning and burnt down. (Click on ''Geschiedenis'' to view.) The replacement mill, ''De Eendracht'', was built by millwright G R van Wieren of Janum, for miller Doeke Turkstra. Parts from a demolished oil mill were incorporated into the new mill, as were parts from the saw mill ''De Haan'' (English: '' The Cockerel''), which had also been demolished. Both these mills had stood in Leeuwarden. Auxiliary power was provided by a Kromhout Type ER III hot bulb diesel engine. The mill was working commercial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anjum
Eanjum is a village in the Dutch province of Friesland. It is located in the municipality Noardeast-Fryslân and had, as of January 2017, a population of 1136. History The village was first mentioned in 944 as Anigheim, and means "settlement of the people of Ane". Eanjum was a ''terp'' (artificial living mound) with a radial structure which probably dated several centuries Before Christ. Until the 15th century, it was the seat of the '' grietenij'' (predecessor of a municipality). The Dutch Reformed church has 12th century elements and was enlarged in the 13th and 15th century. In 1681, the tower collapsed during a storm and destroyed the roof, and was rebuilt in 1684. In 1516, a flood destroyed most of the village. The All Saints' Flood of 1570 claimed 1,801 victims in the Dongeradeel ''grietenij''. The Holdinga State was a castle which was first mentioned in 1511. Wilcke van Holdinga, the owner during the Dutch Revolt fled to Emden and when he returned in 1595, he ordered t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Husk
Husk (or hull) in botany is the outer shell or coating of a seed. In the United States, the term husk often refers to the leafy outer covering of an ear of maize (corn) as it grows on the plant. Literally, a husk or hull includes the protective outer covering of a seed, fruit, or vegetable. It can also refer to the exuvia of insects or other small animals left behind after moulting. In cooking, hull can also refer to other waste parts of fruits and vegetables, notably the cap or sepal of a strawberry. The husk of a legume and some similar fruits is called a pod. Husking and dehulling Husking of corn is the process of removing its outer layers, leaving only the cob or seed rack of the corn. Dehulling is the process of removing the hulls (or chaff) from beans and other seeds. This is sometimes done using a machine known as a huller. To prepare the seeds to have oils extracted from them, they are cleaned to remove any foreign objects. Next, the seeds have their hulls, o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unity
Unity may refer to: Buildings * Unity Building, Oregon, Illinois, US; a historic building * Unity Building (Chicago), Illinois, US; a skyscraper * Unity Buildings, Liverpool, UK; two buildings in England * Unity Chapel, Wyoming, Wisconsin, US; a historic building * Unity Church (Mattoon, Illinois), US; a historic church * Unity Temple, Oak Park, Illinois, US; a Unitarian Universalist church Education * Unity Academy (other) * Unity College (other) * Unity School District (Wisconsin), an American school district * Unity University, an Ethiopian privately owned institute of higher learning Media and entertainment * Classical unities, three rules for drama described by Aristotle * ''Assassin's Creed Unity'', a 2014 action-adventure video game * "Unity" (comics), a crossover story line in the Valiant universe * ''Unity'' (film), a 2015 documentary * ''Unity 1918'', a 2001 play by Kevin Kerr * "Unity" (''Star Trek: Voyager''), a 1997 episode of the American sc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fulling Mill
Fulling, also known as felting, tucking or walking (Scots: ''waukin'', hence often spelled waulking in Scottish English), is a step in woollen clothmaking which involves the cleansing of woven or knitted cloth (particularly wool) to eliminate (lanoline) oils, dirt, and other impurities, and to make it shrink by friction and pressure. The work delivers a smooth, tightly finished fabric that is isolating and water repellent. Well known example are duffel cloth, first produced in Flanders in the 14th century and loden, produced in Austria from the 16th century on. The practice to do this by hand or feet died out with the introduction of machines during the industrial revolution. Process Fulling involves two processes: scouring and milling (thickening). Originally, fulling was carried out by the pounding of the woollen cloth with a club, or the fuller's feet or hands. In Scottish Gaelic tradition, this process was accompanied by waulking songs, which women sang to set th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rooster
The chicken (''Gallus gallus domesticus'') is a domesticated junglefowl species, with attributes of wild species such as the grey and the Ceylon junglefowl that are originally from Southeastern Asia. Rooster or cock is a term for an adult male bird, and a younger male may be called a cockerel. A male that has been castrated is a capon. An adult female bird is called a hen and a sexually immature female is called a pullet. Humans now keep chickens primarily as a source of food (consuming both their meat and eggs) and as pets. Traditionally they were also bred for cockfighting, which is still practiced in some places. Chickens are one of the most common and widespread domestic animals, with a total population of 23.7 billion , up from more than 19 billion in 2011. There are more chickens in the world than any other bird. There are numerous cultural references to chickens – in myth, folklore and religion, and in language and literature. Genetic studies have pointe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Windpump
A windpump is a type of windmill which is used for pumping water. Windpumps were used to pump water since at least the 9th century in what is now Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan. The use of wind pumps became widespread across the Muslim world and later spread to China and India. Windmills were later used extensively in Europe, particularly in the Netherlands and the East Anglia area of Great Britain, from the late Middle Ages onwards, to drain land for agricultural or building purposes. Simon Stevin's work in the ''waterstaet'' involved improvements to the sluices and spillways to control flooding. Windmills were already in use to pump the water out, but in ''Van de Molens'' (''On mills''), he suggested improvements, including the idea that the wheels should move slowly, and a better system for meshing of the gear teeth. These improvements increased the efficiency of the windmills used to pump water out of the polders by three times. He received a patent on his innovation in 1586 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smock Mill
The smock mill is a type of windmill that consists of a sloping, horizontally weatherboarded, thatched, or shingled tower, usually with six or eight sides. It is topped with a roof or cap that rotates to bring the sails into the wind. This type of windmill got its name from its resemblance to smocks worn by farmers in an earlier period. Construction Smock mills differ from tower mills, which are usually cylindrical rather than hexagonal or octagonal, and built from brick or stone masonry instead of timber. The majority of smock mills are octagonal in plan, with a lesser number hexagonal in plan, such as Killick's Mill, Meopham. A very small number of smock mills were decagonal or dodecagonal in plan, an example of the latter being at Wicken, Cambridgeshire. Distribution Smock mills exist in Europe and particularly in England, where they were common, particularly in the county of Kent, where the tallest surviving smock mill in the United Kingdom, Union Mill, can be found at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Water
Water (chemical formula ) is an inorganic, transparent, tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless chemical substance, which is the main constituent of Earth's hydrosphere and the fluids of all known living organisms (in which it acts as a solvent). It is vital for all known forms of life, despite not providing food, energy or organic micronutrients. Its chemical formula, H2O, indicates that each of its molecules contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms, connected by covalent bonds. The hydrogen atoms are attached to the oxygen atom at an angle of 104.45°. "Water" is also the name of the liquid state of H2O at standard temperature and pressure. A number of natural states of water exist. It forms precipitation in the form of rain and aerosols in the form of fog. Clouds consist of suspended droplets of water and ice, its solid state. When finely divided, crystalline ice may precipitate in the form of snow. The gaseous state of water is steam or water vapor. W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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