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Williams Process
The ''Williams process'' or ''Williams double'' ''matting process'' is a matte creation technique patented by the American cinematographer Frank D. Williams in 1918. Unlike prior matte techniques, it allowed for the integration of the actors' movements with previously shot backgrounds. Due to this invention, Williams was able to found his own film lab, the Frank Williams Studio or Frank Williams Laboratories, devoted to the creation of all sorts of special effects (not just the Williams process) and where key figures of the special effects industry such as John P. Fulton worked. Origin In 1912 Frank Williams began working on his future invention under precarious conditions: he alternated periods of time working as a cameraman and saving money with others dedicated to working on his project, usually in the bathroom of wherever he was living in at the moment. His first attempt to use the William process was that same year, while he worked as a cameraman for the director Mack Sen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patent Del Procés Williams
A patent is a type of intellectual property that gives its owner the legal right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention for a limited period of time in exchange for publishing an enabling disclosure of the invention."A patent is not the grant of a right to make or use or sell. It does not, directly or indirectly, imply any such right. It grants only the right to exclude others. The supposition that a right to make is created by the patent grant is obviously inconsistent with the established distinctions between generic and specific patents, and with the well-known fact that a very considerable portion of the patents granted are in a field covered by a former relatively generic or basic patent, are tributary to such earlier patent, and cannot be practiced unless by license thereunder." – ''Herman v. Youngstown Car Mfg. Co.'', 191 F. 579, 584–85, 112 CCA 185 (6th Cir. 1911) In most countries, patent rights fall under private law and the patent holder mus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paramount Pictures
Paramount Pictures Corporation is an American film and television production company, production and Distribution (marketing), distribution company and the main namesake division of Paramount Global (formerly ViacomCBS). It is the fifth-oldest film studio in the world, the second-oldest film studio in the United States (behind Universal Pictures), and the sole member of the Major film studio, "Big Five" film studios located within the city limits of Los Angeles. In 1916, film producer Adolph Zukor put 24 actors and actresses under contract and honored each with a star on the logo. In 1967, the number of stars was reduced to 22 and their hidden meaning was dropped. In 2014, Paramount Pictures became the first major Hollywood studio to distribute all of its films in digital form only. The company's headquarters and studios are located at 5555 Melrose Avenue, Hollywood, California. Paramount Pictures is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America, Motion Picture Associ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ub Iwerks
Ubbe Ert Iwwerks (March 24, 1901 – July 7, 1971), known as Ub Iwerks ( ), was an American animator, cartoonist, character designer, inventor, and special effects technician. Born in Kansas City, Missouri, Iwerks grew up with a contentious relationship with his father, who abandoned him as a child. Iwerks met fellow artist Walt Disney while working at a Kansas City art studio in 1919. After briefly working as illustrators for a local newspaper company, Disney and Iwerks ventured into animation together. Iwerks joined Disney as chief animator on the Laugh-O-Gram shorts series beginning in 1922, but a studio bankruptcy would cause Disney to relocate to Los Angeles in 1923. In the new studio, Iwerks continued to work with Disney on the Alice Comedies as well as the creation of the Oswald the Lucky Rabbit character. Following the first ''Oswald'' short, both Universal Pictures and the Winkler Pictures production company insisted that the Oswald character be redesigned. At the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mary Poppins (film)
''Mary Poppins'' is a 1964 American musical fantasy film directed by Robert Stevenson and produced by Walt Disney, with songs written and composed by the Sherman Brothers. The screenplay is by Bill Walsh and Don DaGradi, based on P. L. Travers's book series ''Mary Poppins''. The film, which combines live-action and animation, stars Julie Andrews in her feature film debut as Mary Poppins, who visits a dysfunctional family in London and employs her unique brand of lifestyle to improve the family's dynamic. Dick Van Dyke, David Tomlinson, and Glynis Johns are featured in supporting roles. The film was shot entirely at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California, using painted London background scenes. ''Mary Poppins'' was released on August 27, 1964, to critical acclaim and commercial success. It became the highest-grossing film of 1964 and, at the time of its release, was Disney's highest-grossing film ever. It received a total of 13 Academy Awards nominations, including Best ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petro Vlahos
Petro Vlahos ( gr, Πέτρος Βλάχος; August 20, 1916 – February 10, 2013) was an American engineer and inventor, considered to be one of the pioneering scientific and technical innovators of the motion picture and television industries. He is remembered in particular for creating the Ultimatte process, which refined the colour process known as chroma keying (i.e. "bluescreening"). In recognition of his contributions, he was awarded multiple Oscars, as well as an Emmy Award. Early life Vlahos was born in Raton, New Mexico, the son of Greek immigrants. He showed an early aptitude for electronics and ham radio, and in 1941, he gained his Engineering degree from the University of California at Berkeley. He worked as a designer for Douglas Aircraft in World War II, and later as a radar engineer at Bell Laboratories. After the war, he moved to Hollywood and worked for MGM. Hollywood career The technology used today as a way of combining actors with background footage ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sodium Vapor Process
The sodium vapor process (occasionally referred to as yellowscreen) is a photochemical film technique for combining actors and background footage. It originated in the British film industry in the late 1950s and was used extensively by Walt Disney Productions in the 1960s and 1970s as an alternative to the more common bluescreen process. Wadsworth E. Pohl is credited with the invention or development of both of these processes (Patent US3133814A), and received (with Ub Iwerks and Petro Vlahos) an Academy Award in 1965 for the sodium vapor process used in the film '' Mary Poppins''. Description The process is not very complicated in principle. An actor is filmed performing in front of a white screen that is lit with powerful sodium vapor lights. Such light has a narrow color spectrum that falls neatly into a chromatic notch between the various color sensitivity layers of the film, so the odd yellow color does not register on the red, green, or blue layers. This allows the c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Farciot Edouart
Farciot Edouart, ASC (born Alexander Farciot Edouart; November 5, 1894 – March 17, 1980) was a motion picture special effects artist and innovator, a recognized specialist and innovator in the area of "process photography", also known as rear projection. In a career beginning in 1915, Edouart won a total of ten Academy Awards: two competitive (1942 and 1943), seven technical and scientific awards (1938, 1940, two in 1944, 1948, and two in 1956), and an honorary award for special effects (1939). He worked on approximately 350 films, the last one being '' Rosemary's Baby'' in 1968. Leonard Maltin wrote "The master of process-screen photography is Farciot Edouart." Edouart was born in Northern California, the son of a portrait photographer, and began working as a cameraman while still a teenager at the production company of Hobart Bosworth. By way of mergers and acquisitions, Edouart became an employee of Paramount Pictures where he started to specialise on optical effects in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Optical Printer
An optical printer is a device consisting of one or more film projectors mechanically linked to a movie camera. It allows filmmakers to re-photograph one or more strips of film. The optical printer is used for making special effects for motion pictures, or for copying and restoring film material. Common optical effects include fade outs and fade ins, dissolves, slow motion, fast motion, and matte work. More complicated work can involve dozens of elements, all combined into a single scene. History The first commercially available, although not mass produced, optical printer appeared in 1927 and was called the Depue & Vance Daylight Optical Printer. It was mainly used to reduce standard prints to 16mm and allowed for operation without a darkroom except from loading the positive film magazine. In 1918, the cinematographer Carl Gregory came upon a printer made by G. J. Badgley of New York, designed to produce copies of a standard film using domestic size film stock. Realizing the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Linwood G
Linwood may refer to: Places Many of the place names for Linwood come from the presence of linden trees. Australia *Linwood, South Australia * Linnwood, Guildford, 11-35 Byron Road, Guildford, New South Wales Canada * Linwood, Ontario * Linwood, Nova Scotia New Zealand *Linwood, New Zealand ** Linwood (New Zealand electorate) **Linwood Cemetery, Christchurch ** Linwood College **Linwood North School United Kingdom * Linwood, Hampshire, England *Mary Linwood Comprehensive School, Leicester, England * Linwood, Lincolnshire, England * Linwood, Renfrewshire, Scotland ** Linwood High School United States *Linwood Elementary School (Georgia), Warner Robins, Georgia * Linwood, Indiana *Linwood Cemetery (Dubuque), Iowa *Linwood, Kansas *Linwood Elementary School (Kansas), Wichita, Kansas *Linwood (Jackson, Louisiana), listed on the NRHP in East Feliciana Parish *Linwood (Richmond, Kentucky), home of Brutus J. Clay II *Linwood, Carroll County, Maryland **Linwood Historic District (Lin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RKO Pictures
RKO Radio Pictures Inc., commonly known as RKO Pictures or simply RKO, was an American film production and distribution company, one of the "Big Five" film studios of Hollywood's Golden Age. The business was formed after the Keith-Albee-Orpheum (KAO) theater chain and Joseph P. Kennedy's Film Booking Offices of America (FBO) studio were brought together under the control of the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) in October 1928. RCA chief David Sarnoff engineered the merger to create a market for the company's sound-on-film technology, RCA Photophone, and in early 1929 production began under the RKO name (an abbreviation of Radio-Keith-Orpheum). Two years later, another Kennedy holding, the Pathé studio, was folded into the operation. By the mid-1940s, RKO was controlled by investor Floyd Odlum. RKO has long been renowned for its cycle of musicals starring Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers in the mid-to-late 1930s. Actors Katharine Hepburn and, later, Robert Mitchum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Willis H
Willis may refer to: Places United States * Willis, Florida, an unincorporated community * Willis, Indiana, an unincorporated community * Willis, Kansas, a city * Willis, Michigan, an unincorporated community * Willis, Nebraska, an unincorporated community * Willis, Oklahoma, an unincorporated community * Willis, Texas, a city * Willis, Floyd County, Virginia, an unincorporated community * Willis, Russell County, Virginia, an unincorporated community * Willis River, a tributary of the James River in Virginia Elsewhere * Willis, Grenada, a town * Willis Island, Coral Sea Islands Territory, Australia * Willis Islands, South Georgia Islands Arts and entertainment Works * ''Giselle'' or ''The Willis'', a ballet (in the ballet, the Willis are a group of supernatural women) * '' Le Villi'' (''The Willis'' or ''The Fairies''), an opera-ballet composed by Giacomo Puccini * ''Willis'' (album), by The Pietasters Fictional characters * Willis Jackson (character), in the 1970s-19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norman Dawn
Norman O. Dawn (25 May 1884 – 2 February 1975) was an early American film director. He made several improvements on the matte shot to apply it to motion picture, and was the first director to use rear projection in film production. Dawn's innovations in glass and matte shots Dawn's first film ''Missions of California'' made extensive use of the glass shot, in which certain parts of the intended image are painted on a piece of glass and placed in between the camera and the live action. Many of the buildings which Dawn was filming were at least partially destroyed; by painting sections of roof or walls, the impression was made that the buildings were in fact, still whole. The main difference between the glass shot and the matte shot is that with a glass shot, all filming is done with a single exposure of film. Dawn combined his experience with the glass shot with the techniques of the matte shot. Up until this time, the matte shot was essentially a double-exposure: a section of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
