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War And Peace Studies
War and Peace Studies was a project carried out by the Council on Foreign Relations between 1939 and 1945 before and during American involvement in World War II. It was intended to advise the U.S. Government on conduct in the war and the subsequent peace. The project was divided into four major areas: economic and financial, security and armaments, territorial, and political. Over 100 men took part. Funding was provided by the Rockefeller Foundation, which provided almost $350,000 over the course of the project. A steering committee was created in December 1939 chaired by U.S diplomat Norman Davis with ''Foreign Affairs'' editor Hamilton Fish Armstrong as vice-chairman. Initial area heads were: : * Alvin Hansen and Jacob Viner led the economic and financial group * Whitney Shepardson, who led the political group *Allen Welsh Dulles and Hanson W. Baldwin, who led the armaments group, and * Isaiah Bowman, who led the territorial group. A research secretary was appointed to eac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Council On Foreign Relations
The Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) is an American think tank specializing in U.S. foreign policy and international relations. Founded in 1921, it is a nonprofit organization that is independent and nonpartisan. CFR is based in New York City, with an additional office in Massachusetts. Its membership has included senior politicians, numerous secretaries of state, CIA directors, bankers, lawyers, professors, corporate directors and CEOs, and senior media figures. CFR meetings convene government officials, global business leaders and prominent members of the intelligence and foreign-policy community to discuss international issues. CFR has published the bi-monthly journal '' Foreign Affairs'' since 1922. It also runs the David Rockefeller Studies Program, which influences foreign policy by making recommendations to the presidential administration and diplomatic community, testifying before Congress, interacting with the media, and publishing on foreign policy issues. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million Military personnel, personnel from more than 30 countries. The major participants in the war threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Air warfare of World War II, Aircraft played a major role in the conflict, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and deploying the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II was by far the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflict in hu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rockefeller Foundation
The Rockefeller Foundation is an American private foundation and philanthropic medical research and arts funding organization based at 420 Fifth Avenue, New York City. The second-oldest major philanthropic institution in America, after the Carnegie Corporation, the foundation was ranked as the 39th largest U.S. foundation by total giving as of 2015. By the end of 2016, assets were tallied at $4.1 billion (unchanged from 2015), with annual grants of $173 million. According to the OECD, the foundation provided US$103.8 million for development in 2019. The foundation has given more than $14 billion in current dollars. The foundation was started by Standard Oil magnate John D. Rockefeller ("Senior") and son " Junior", and their primary business advisor, Frederick Taylor Gates, on May 14, 1913, when its charter was granted by New York. The foundation has had an international reach since the 1930s and major influence on global non-governmental organizations. The World Health ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norman Davis (diplomat)
Norman Hezekiah Davis (August 9, 1878 – July 2, 1944) was a U.S. diplomat. He joined the Treasury Department in 1917, serving as President Wilson's chief financial advisor at the Paris Peace Conference. In 1919 he was appointed Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, and the following year became Under Secretary of State. Biography He was born in Normandy, Bedford County, Tennessee to successful businessman and distiller McClin H. Davis, who is credited with perfecting the recipe for Cascade Whisky, which is now known as George Dickel. Davis was prepared at the prestigious Webb School in Bell Buckle, TN, and studied at both Stanford and Vanderbilt. Davis briefly ran the Cascade Distillery following his father's death in 1898, but was forced to sell his share of the distillery to the operation's majority owners.Kay Baker Gaston, "George Dickel Tennessee Sour Mash Whiskey: The Story Behind the Label," ''Tennessee Historical Quarterly'', Vol. 57, No. 2 (Fall 1998), pp. 51-64. Norm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hamilton Fish Armstrong
Hamilton Fish Armstrong (April 7, 1893 – April 24, 1973) was an American diplomat and editor. Biography Armstrong attended Princeton University, then began a career in journalism at '' The New Republic''. During the First World War, he was a military attaché in Serbia, sparking a lifelong interest in American relations with foreign states. In 1922, at the request of editor Archibald Cary Coolidge, Armstrong became managing editor of ''Foreign Affairs'', the journal of the newly formed Council on Foreign Relations. After Coolidge's death in 1928, Armstrong became editor, retiring from the position only in 1972, the fiftieth year of publication of the journal. He died after a long illness on April 24, 1973, at the age of 80. Armstrong wrote many books, including the early ''Hitler's Reich: The First Phase'' (published in July, 1933, by The Macmillan Company). Family Armstrong was a member of the Fish Family of American politicians. Armstrong married three times. Hele ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alvin Hansen
Alvin Harvey Hansen (August 23, 1887 – June 6, 1975) was an American economist who taught at the University of Minnesota and was later a chair professor of economics at Harvard University. Often referred to as "the American Keynes", he was a widely read popular author on economic issues, and an influential advisor to the government on economic policy. Hansen helped create the Council of Economic Advisors and the Social Security system. He is best remembered today for introducing Keynesian economics in the United States in the 1930s and 40s. More effectively than anyone else, he explicated, extended, domesticated, and popularized the ideas embodied in Keynes's ''The General Theory.'' He helped develop with John Hicks the IS–LM model (or Hicks–Hansen model), a mathematical representation of Keynesian macroeconomic theory. In 1967, Paul McCracken, chairman of the President's Council of Economic Advisers, saluted Hansen stating: "It is certainly a statement of fact that you h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacob Viner
Jacob Viner (3 May 1892 – 12 September 1970) was a Canadian economist and is considered with Frank Knight and Henry Simons to be one of the "inspiring" mentors of the early Chicago school of economics in the 1930s: he was one of the leading figures of the Chicago faculty. Paul Samuelson named Viner (along with Harry Gunnison Brown, Allyn Abbott Young, Henry Ludwell Moore, Frank Knight, Wesley Clair Mitchell, and Henry Schultz) as one of the several "American saints in economics" born after 1860. He was an important figure in the field of political economy. Early life Viner was born to a Jewish family on May 3, 1892, in Montreal, Quebec, to Romanian immigrant parents. He earned his undergraduate degree at McGill University in 1914. He received a PhD at Harvard University, where he wrote his dissertation, under the trade economist F. W. Taussig. Academic career Viner was a professor at the University of Chicago from 1916 to 1917 and from 1919 to 1946. At various times, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Whitney Shepardson
Whitney Hart Shepardson (October 30, 1890 – May 29, 1966) was an American businessman and foreign policy expert. He headed the Secret Intelligence Branch of the Office of Strategic Services during World War II. Shepardson was born in Worcester, Massachusetts. He attended Colgate Academy, where his father was principal. He graduated from Colgate University before attending Balliol College, Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar. He completed his education at Harvard Law School. He would practice law only briefly, serving as an attorney for the United States Shipping Board between May 1917 and July 1918. Shepardson's involvement in international relations began when sent to the 1919 Paris Peace Conference by the State Department as an aide to Edward M. House, where he became secretary to the commission responsible for drafting the Covenant of the League of Nations. He was secretary also to a group of Americans seeking to organize the international relations institute which would become the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allen Welsh Dulles
Allen Welsh Dulles (, ; April 7, 1893 – January 29, 1969) was the first civilian Director of Central Intelligence (DCI), and its longest-serving director to date. As head of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) during the early Cold War, he oversaw the 1953 Iranian coup d'état, the 1954 Guatemalan coup d'état, the Lockheed U-2 aircraft program, the Project MKUltra mind control program and the Bay of Pigs Invasion. He was fired by John F. Kennedy over the latter fiasco. Dulles was one of the members of the Warren Commission investigating the assassination of John F. Kennedy. Between his stints of government service, Dulles was a corporate lawyer and partner at Sullivan & Cromwell. His older brother, John Foster Dulles, was the Secretary of State during the Eisenhower Administration and is the namesake of Dulles International Airport. Early life and family Dulles was born on April 7, 1893, in Watertown, New York, one of five children of Presbyterian minister Allen Macy Dull ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hanson W
Hanson or Hansson may refer to: People * Hanson (surname) * Hansson (surname) * Hanson (wrestler), ringname of an American professional wrestler Musical groups * Hanson (band), an American pop rock band * Hanson (UK band), an English rock band * The Hanson Brothers (band), a Canadian punk band and side project of the band Nomeansno Companies * Hanson plc, a British building materials company * Hanson Records, a record label * Hanson Robotics, a robotics company Places Australia * Hanson, South Australia, a locality * County of Hanson, a cadastral unit *Hundred of Hanson, a cadastral unit United States * Hanson, Kentucky, * Hanson, Massachusetts ** Hanson (CDP), Massachusetts, a census-designated place in Hanson, Massachusetts ** Hanson (MBTA station) * Hanson, Oklahoma Other uses * Hanson baronets, two baronetcies in the United Kingdom * Hanson Brothers, fictional characters in the film ''Slap Shot'' * Hanson Field, a stadium in Macomb, Illinois * Hanson Formation, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isaiah Bowman
Isaiah Bowman, AB, Ph. D. (December 26, 1878, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada – January 6, 1950, Baltimore, Maryland), was an American geographer and President of the Johns Hopkins University, 1935–1948, controversial for his antisemitism and inaction in Jewish resettlement during WWII. Biography Bowman was born in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. His family was Mennonite, and, at the age of eight weeks, Bowman's father moved his family to a log cabin in Brown City, Michigan, sixty miles north of Detroit. In 1900, Isaiah became an American citizen and began intensive study to prepare himself for admittance to Harvard. Studying first at Michigan State Normal College in Ypsilanti (now Eastern Michigan University), Bowman came to the attention of Mark Jefferson, a geographer who had studied at Harvard under the most prominent geographer of the day, William Morris Davis. Jefferson recommended Bowman to Davis, smoothing the way for Bowman's study. After one year, by prearrangement with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grayson L
Grayson may refer to: Places Canada * Grayson, Saskatchewan * Rural Municipality of Grayson No. 184, Saskatchewan United States * Grayson, California * Grayson, Georgia ** Grayson High School * Grayson, Kentucky * Grayson, Louisiana * Grayson, Missouri * Grayson, North Carolina * Grayson, Ohio * Grayson, Oklahoma * Grayson, Utah, former name of Blanding, Utah * Grayson County (other) United Kingdom * Grayson Green, a small village in the ward of Harrington, Cumbria Other uses * Grayson (surname) * Grayson (given name) * ''Grayson'' (film) (2004), fan film trailer * Grayson County College, a community college * Grayson Lake, a reservoir * Grayson Stadium, a stadium in Savannah, Georgia, United States * ''Grayson'' (comic book), published by DC Comics See also * Greyson, a given name and a surname * Grason (other) Grason may refer to: * Grason Makara (born 2000), Australian rugby union player * C. Gus Grason (1881–1953), judge of the Mar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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