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Wanli Era
Wanli (; 2 February 1573 – 27 August 1620; Qing dynasty avoided the naming taboo of Hongli 弘曆, the Qianlong Emperor, and wrote 曆 as 歷, 厯, 厤) was the era name (''nianhao'') of the Wanli Emperor, the 14th emperor of Ming dynasty. The Wanli era lasted for 48 years, making it the longest era of the Ming. During the early years of the Wanli era, Zhang Juzheng implemented a series of reform measures that resulted in continuous social and economic development and military victories, and the imperial court showed a restoration atmosphere. This period of prosperity became known as the "Wanli Restoration" (萬曆中興). However, a dispute over succession (國本之爭) arose, and the Wanli Emperor was prevented by his powerful advisors from naming his beloved son as crown prince. In a fit of anger, he refused to attend court for thirty years, resulting in a period of neglect known as the "Wanli's negligence" (萬曆怠政). During this time, factionalism among government offic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qing Dynasty
The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-speaking ethnic group who unified other Jurchen tribes to form a new "Manchu" ethnic identity. The dynasty was officially proclaimed in 1636 in Manchuria (modern-day Northeast China and Outer Manchuria). It seized control of Beijing in 1644, then later expanded its rule over the whole of China proper and Taiwan, and finally expanded into Inner Asia. The dynasty lasted until 1912 when it was overthrown in the Xinhai Revolution. In orthodox Chinese historiography, the Qing dynasty was preceded by the Ming dynasty and succeeded by the Republic of China. The multiethnic Qing dynasty lasted for almost three centuries and assembled the territorial base for modern China. It was the largest imperial dynasty in the history of China and in 1790 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lê Thế Tông
Lê Thế Tông (chữ Hán: 黎世宗, 1567 – 12 October 1599, reigned 1573–1599), real name Lê Duy Đàm (黎維潭) was the 15th emperor of the later Lê dynasty of Vietnam. He was the fifth son of Lê Anh Tông, born during the Trịnh–Nguyễn War, Trịnh–Nguyễn war. In 1573, Anh Tông saw that Trịnh Tùng was autocratic, so he and four great princes left the palace of Vạn Lại and fled to Nghệ An province, Nghệ An. On the first day of the new year 1573, Trịnh Tùng established a 5-year-old Lê Duy Đàm to become emperor; three weeks later Trịnh Tùng sent Tống Đức Vị to secretly kill Anh Tông. During the reign of Thế Tông, Trịnh Tùng took full control of the military and continued to wage war with the Mạc dynasty, Mạc in Đông Kinh. After many great campaigns, in 1592 Trịnh Tùng defeated the Mạc army, regained Đông Kinh and brought Thế Tông back to the old capital. Therefore, the national history of Đại Việt was compi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bunroku
was a after '' Tenshō'' and before ''Keichō.'' This period spanned the years from December 1592 to October 1596.Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Bunroku''" i ''Japan encyclopedia'', p. 92 n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File The reigning emperor was . Change of era * 1592 : The era name was changed. The previous era ended and a new one commenced in ''Tenshō'' 20. Events of the ''Bunroku'' era * 1592 (''Bunroku 1''): Toyotomi Hideyoshi invades Korea ( ''Bunroku no Eki''), also known as ''Bunroku Keichō no Eki.'' * 1592 (''Bunroku 1''): Ogasawara Sadayori claims to have discovered the Bonin Islands; and the territory was granted to him as a fief by Toyotomi Hideyoshi. * 1592 (''Bunroku 1''): Silver coins called ''Bunroku-tsūhō'' were minted to pay Hideyoshi's troops. The 23.25 mm diameter coins weighed 1 ''momme'' (approximately 3.75 g). Copper coins were issued at the same time, but ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emperor Go-Yōzei
was the 107th Emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Go-Yōzei's reign spanned the years 1586 through to his abdication in 1611, corresponding to the transition between the Azuchi–Momoyama period and the Edo period. This 16th-century sovereign was named after the 9th-century Emperor Yōzei, and , translates as ''later'', and thus, he could be called the "Later Emperor Yōzei". The Japanese word ''go'' has also been translated to mean ''the second one'', and in some older sources, this emperor may be identified as "Yōzei, the second", or as "Yōzei II". Genealogy Before Go-Yōzei's ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name ('' imina'') was or . He was the eldest son of , also known as Prince Sanehito and posthumously named Yōkwōin ''daijō-tennō'', who was the eldest son of Emperor Ōgimachi. His mother was a lady-in-waiting. Go-Yōzei's Imperial family lived with him in the Dairi of the Heian Palace. The family included at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tenshō (Momoyama Period)
was a after '' Genki'' and before '' Bunroku''. This period spanned the years from July 1573 through December 1592.Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Tenshō''" i ''Japan encyclopedia'', p. 961 n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File. The reigning emperors were and . Change of era * 1573 : The new era name was created to mark a number of regional wars. The era name was inspired by a passage from the Chinese classic Laozi: :"Those who are at peace with nature bring all under Heaven into its correct pattern" (清静者為天下正). The era name ''Tenshō'' was suggested by da Nobunaga The previous era ended and a new one commenced in ''Genki'' 4, the 28th day of the 7th month. Events of the ''Tenshō'' era European dates up to October 4, 1582 are given in the Julian calendar. Dates since October 15, 1582 are given in the Gregorian calendar. * 1573 (''Tenshō 1, 7th month''): Ashikaga Yoshiaki lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emperor Ōgimachi
was the 106th Emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. He reigned from November 17, 1557, to his abdication on December 17, 1586, corresponding to the transition between the Sengoku period and the Azuchi–Momoyama period. His personal name was Michihito (方仁).Titsingh, I. (1834). ''Annales des empereurs du Japon'', p. 383. Genealogy Ōgimachi was the first son of Emperor Go-Nara. * Lady-in-waiting ( ''Naishi-no-Suke''): Madenokōji (Fujiwara) Fusako (万里小路 房子; d.1580) later Seiko-in (清光院), Madenokōji Hidefusa’s daughter ** Second daughter: Princess Eikō (1540–1551; 永高女王) ** Third daughter (b.1543) **Eldest son: , also known as Prince Sanehito and posthumously named Yōkwōin ''daijō-tennō''. Masahito's eldest son was who became Emperor Go-Yōzei.Ponsonby-Fane, ''Imperial House'', p. 424; this Imperial Prince was enshrined in '' Tsukinowa no misasagi'' at Sennyū-ji. Go-Yōzei elevated the rank of his father, eve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genki (era)
was a after ''Eiroku'' and before '' Tenshō''. This period spanned from April 1570 through July 1573. The reigning emperor was . Change of era * ; 1570: The era name was changed because of various wars. The previous era ended and a new one commenced in ''Eiroku'' 13, on the 23rd day of the 4th month. Events of the ''Genki'' era * 1570 (''Genki 1, 6th month''): The combined forces of the Azai clan, led by Azai Nagamasa, and the Asakura clan, led by DF 7 of 80/nowiki>">DF 7 of 80">"Asa ..., led by Asakura Yoshikage, met the forces of Oda Nobunaga">Asakura Yoshikage">DF 7 of 80/nowiki>">DF 7 of 80">"Asa ..., led by Asakura Yoshikage, met the forces of Oda Nobunaga in a shallow riverbed which has come to be known as the Battle of Anegawa. Tokugawa Ieyasu led forces which came to the aid of Oda's army; and Oda claimed the victory. * 1571 (''Genki 2, 9th month''): Nobunaga marched into Ōmi Province at the head of his army which surrounded Mt. Hiei. He massacred the priests and ever ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mạc Kính Khoan
Mạc Kính Khoan (莫敬寬, ?–1638) was the ninth emperor of the Mạc dynasty. He reigned in 1623–1638. He was a grandson of Mạc Kính Điển. In 1623, he rebelled against Trịnh lord in Thái Nguyên and enthroned. He was defeated by Trịnh Tráng and fled to Cao Bằng. In 1625, Trịnh Kiều (son of Trịnh Tráng) attacked Cao Bằng and captured Mạc Kính Cung. Khoan fled to Ming China and sent surrender documents to Trịnh lord. He was forgiven by Trịnh lord, and allowed to come back to Cao Bằng. He was granted the title '' thái úy'' (太尉) and ''Thông quốc công'' (通國公) by Lê dynasty.''Việt Nam sử lược ( vi-hantu, 越南史略, french: Précis d'Histoire du Việt-Nam, lit. "Outline History of Vietnam"), was the first history text published in the Vietnamese and the Vietnamese alphabet. It was compiled by Vietnamese historian Trần Trọng K ...'', Quyển 2, Tự chủ thời đại, Chương 4 References 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mạc Kính Cung
Mạc Kính Cung (莫敬恭, ?–1593) was the eighth emperor of the Mạc dynasty. He reigned from 1592–1625. He was the seventh son of Mạc Kính Điển. The emperor Mạc Kính Chỉ was captured by Trịnh lord in 1593, he was enthroned by Mạc Ngọc Liễn in Lạng Sơn. In the next year, he was defeated by Hoàng Đình Ái and fled to Longzhou, China.''Việt Nam sử lược'', Quyển 2, Tự chủ thời đại, Chương 2 Cung came back to Vietnam occupied Cao Bằng in 1596. He was attacked by Trịnh lord, and sought aid for Ming China. Trịnh lord had to recognized his dominant position in Cao Bằng under the pressure of Ming China. In 1600, Bùi Thị, the mother of Mạc Mậu Hợp, rebelled in Thang Long and summoned him. Trịnh Tùng recaptured Thang Long and executed Bùi Thị, then defeated Cung in Hải Dương. Cung fled back to Cao Bằng.''Việt Nam sử lược'', Quyển 2, Tự chủ thời đại, Chương 4 In 1625, Trịnh Kiều ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mạc Kính Chỉ
Mạc Kính Chỉ (莫敬止, ?–1593) was the seventh emperor of the Mạc dynasty. He reigned briefly from 1592–1593. He was the eldest son of Mạc Kính Điển. The emperor Mạc Mậu Hợp was captured by Trịnh lord in 1592, so he enthroned in Thanh Lâm. He led sixteen to seventeen thousand men, later, Mạc Toàn abdicated and surrendered to him.'' Việt Nam sử lược'', Quyển 2, Tự chủ thời đại, Chương 2 In the next year, Chỉ was captured by two generals of Trịnh lord, Hoàng Đình Ái Huang (; ) is a Chinese surname that originally means and refers to jade people were wearing and decorating in ancient times. While ''Huáng'' is the pinyin romanization of the word, it may also be romanized as Hwang, Wong, Waan, Wan, Waon, Hwon ... and Nguyễn Hữu Liêu, and executed in Thang Long.'' Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư'', Basic Records 17 References 1593 deaths Mạc dynasty emperors Year of birth unknown Vietnamese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mạc Toàn
Mạc Toàn (chữ Hán: 莫全; ?–1593) emperor Vũ An đế was the sixth emperor of the Mạc dynasty, and effectively the last of the dynasty. He reigned briefly from 1592–1593, following the death of Mạc Mậu Hợp and was followed by various nominal leaders of the Mạc: Mạc Kính Chỉ Mạc Kính Chỉ (莫敬止, ?–1593) was the seventh emperor of the Mạc dynasty. He reigned briefly from 1592–1593. He was the eldest son of Mạc Kính Điển. The emperor Mạc Mậu Hợp was captured by Trịnh lord in 1592, so h ... (1592–1593), Mạc Kính Cung (1593–1594), Mạc Kính Khoan (1594–1628) and Mạc Kính Vũ (1628–1677). References * ''Đại Việt Thông Sử'', Lê Quý Đôn (1759) 1593 deaths Mạc dynasty emperors Year of birth unknown Vietnamese monarchs {{Asia-royal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mạc Mậu Hợp
Mạc Mậu Hợp (莫茂洽, 1560–1593) was the fifth and effectively last reigning emperor of the Mạc dynasty from 1562 to 1593. Biography Mạc Mậu Hợp was born in 1560 at Đông Đô. He became the emperor in 1562. In 1592, the Southern dynasty's forces under lord Trịnh Tùng conquered the capital Đông Đô along with the rest of the Northern provinces. Mạc Mậu Hợp was captured during the retreat at one pagoda of Phượng Nhỡn district ( Lạng Giang prefecture) and was cut to pieces over three days at Thảo Tân margin ( Đông Đô). However, his son Mạc Toàn and other successors continued to hold Cao Bình county during 1592–3. Firstly, his temple name was named as Mục Tông (穆宗) then changed as Anh Tổ (英祖) by duke Mạc Kính Cung. Family * Father : Mạc Tuyên Tông * Mother : A concubine of his father * Wives : Võ Thị Hoành (武氏橫, ?–1592), Nguyễn Thị 阮倦之女。《大越史記全書》，892頁 (阮氏, ?� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
