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Walls Of Milan
The city of Milan, Italy, has had three different systems of defending walls. The oldest, the Ancient Rome, Roman walls, were developed in two stages: the first in the Roman Republic, Republican era and the second in the Roman Empire, Imperial era. The second wall system was realized in the Middle Ages (12th century), after the destruction of the city by Frederick I Barbarossa. Finally, the latest wall system was built by the Spanish rulers in the 16th century. While very little remains of these walls, their structure is clearly reflected in the urbanistic layout of the city. In particular, modern Milan has two roughly circular rings of streets, namely the "Cerchia dei Navigli" and the "Cerchia dei Bastioni", which essentially correspond to the Medieval and Spanish walls, respectively. Note that a third ring of roads just beyond the Inner Ring Road (circonvallazione interna / "Cerchia dei Bastioni"), called the External Ring Road (circonvallazione esterna), does not follow any old ...
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Milan
Milan ( , , ; ) is a city in northern Italy, regional capital of Lombardy, the largest city in Italy by urban area and the List of cities in Italy, second-most-populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of nearly 1.4 million, while its Metropolitan City of Milan, metropolitan city has 3.2 million residents. Within Europe, Milan is the fourth-most-populous List of urban areas in the European Union, urban area of the EU with 6.17 million inhabitants. According to national sources, the population within the wider Milan metropolitan area (also known as Greater Milan) is estimated between 7.5 million and 8.2 million, making it by far the List of metropolitan areas of Italy, largest metropolitan area in Italy and List of metropolitan areas in Europe, one of the largest in the EU.* * * * Milan is the economic capital of Italy, one of the economic capitals of Europe and a global centre for business, fashion and finance. Milan is reco ...
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Hectare
The hectare (; SI symbol: ha) is a non-SI metric unit of area equal to a square with 100-metre sides (1 hm2), that is, square metres (), and is primarily used in the measurement of land. There are 100 hectares in one square kilometre. An acre is about and one hectare contains about . In 1795, when the metric system was introduced, the ''are'' was defined as 100 square metres, or one square decametre, and the hectare (" hecto-" + "are") was thus 100 ''ares'' or  km2 ( square metres). When the metric system was further rationalised in 1960, resulting in the International System of Units (), the ''are'' was not included as a recognised unit. The hectare, however, remains as a non-SI unit accepted for use with the SI and whose use is "expected to continue indefinitely". Though the dekare/decare daa () and are (100 m2) are not officially "accepted for use", they are still used in some contexts. Description The hectare (), although not a unit of SI, is ...
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Porta Nuova (Medieval)
Porta Nuova (; literally "New Gate"; ) is one of the three medieval gates of Milan that still exist in the modern city (together with the medieval Porta Ticinese and Pusterla di Sant'Ambrogio). It is sited along the ancient "Navigli Ring" on the perimeter of the medieval walls of the city. Originally built in the twelfth century, Porta Nuova was restored in the nineteenth century with the insertion of two lateral passages next to the two central arcs and the addition of some ancient Roman steles on the external facade of the gate. The external facade, overlooking ''Cavour Square'' (Piazza Cavour), preserve the original appearance with a marble shrine of the Madonna and Child with Saints. See also *Walls of Milan The city of Milan, Italy, has had three different systems of defending walls. The oldest, the Ancient Rome, Roman walls, were developed in two stages: the first in the Roman Republic, Republican era and the second in the Roman Empire, Imperial era. ... Gallery Fil ...
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Pusterla Di Sant'Ambrogio (Milan)
The Pusterla di Sant’Ambrogio (''Postern of Saint Ambrose'' in English) is a minor or secondary gate in the Medieval walls of Milan; the rebuilt Romanesque-style tower and pedestrian arches is located on Via Carducci #41, near the Castello Cova and some 50 meters west of the entrance of the Basilica di Sant'Ambrogio in the center of Milan, region of Lombardy, Italy. The medieval walls of Milan were constructed after multiple disasters had devastated Milan, including 11th-century urban fires and a highly destructive sack by the emperor Barbarossa in 1162. This postern was one of the ten secondary gates and until the 1930s, its outer face was near the bank of a navigli (canal),The navigli also served as moats. which ran along the present via Carducci. In the 16th century, when a new larger set of walls and moats were completed under the Spanish administration of the city, and the ''Pusterla of Saint Ambrose'' was turned into a prison. In 1939 this postern was restored to a mo ...
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Postern
A postern is a secondary door or gate in a fortification such as a city wall or castle curtain wall. Posterns were often placed in concealed locations, allowing inconspicuous entrance and exit. In the event of a siege, a postern could act as a sally port, allowing defenders to make a sortie on the besiegers. Placed in a less exposed, less visible location, they were usually relatively small, and therefore easily defensible.Van Emden, Wolgang. "Castle in Medieval French Literature", ''The Medieval Castle: Romance and Reality'' (Kathryn L. Reyerson, Faye Powe, eds.) U of Minnesota Press, 1991, p.17


Tactical use

Posterns were one of the essen ...
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Porta Nuova (Gate Of Milan)
Porta Nuova may refer to: Italy Railway stations *Torino Porta Nuova railway station, the main railway station of Turin **Porta Nuova (Turin Metro), a rapid transit station * Pescara Porta Nuova railway station *Verona Porta Nuova railway station City gates * Archi di Porta Nuova, Milan **Porta Nuova (Milan), a business district * Porta Nuova (Palermo) *Porta Nuova, in Caravaggio, Italy *Porta Nuova, in Grosseto *Porta Nuova, in Verona, designed by Michele Sanmicheli Michele Sanmicheli, sometimes also transcribed as Sammicheli, Sanmichele or Sammichele (Verona, 1484There is no certainty about the date of his birth. Vasari reports 1484, while architectural historian Giulio Sancassani, through a study of his fat ... See also * Portanova (other) {{disambiguation ...
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Porta Ticinese (Medieval)
The Medieval Porta Ticinese (''Porta Ticinese Medievale'') is a gate of the former 12th-century Walls of Milan; it is located at the intersection of the Corso di Porta Ticinese and Via Edmondo de Amicis (running to west) and Via Molino di Armi (running to east) in the city center of Milan, region of Lombardy, Italy. This is one of the three remaining medieval gates of Milan. The others are Porta Nuova, Gate of Milan, Porta Nuova and the Pusterla di Sant'Ambrogio (Milan), Pusterla di Sant'Ambrogio. Originally built in the twelfth century, this Gothic architecture, Gothic style, merlion-topped gate and tower stood on the inner side of a navigable moat (cerchio dei navigli) that ringed the city. The structures we see today were stripped of accumulating houses and refurbished as see them now in 1861 by Camillo Boito. He inserted the two lateral gothic arches flanking the original central passage. The canal was filled in over the last century creating the intersecting avenues of Amicis ...
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Bonvesin De La Riva
Bonvesin da la Riva (; sometimes Italianized in spelling Bonvesino or Buonvicino; ) was an Italian Medieval writer and poet. Bonvesin was a notable Lombard poet and writer, giving one of the first known examples of the written Lombard language. He is often described as the "father" of the Lombard language. Biography A well-to-do Milanese lay member of the Ordine degli Umiliati (literally, "Order of the Humble Ones") Bonvesin was a teacher of (Latin) grammar in Legnano and in Milan. In 1291, he bought a house in the suburb of Porta Ticinese. There he dwelt and prospered, surviving two wives (Benghedice and Floramonte) and dying without issue between 1313 and 1315. In the interim, he had accumulated and preserved a comfortable capital, as we know from his two wills (of 1304 and 1313, respectively). In 1290, he loaned 200 lire (a denomination of much greater weight 700 years ago) to the Ospedale della Colombetta at a rate of 6 percent per annum to be received as an annuity by him ...
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Seveso
Seveso (; ) is a town and ''comune'' in the Province of Monza and Brianza, in the Region of Lombardy. The economy of the town has traditionally been based on the furniture industry. Its name comes from the river of the same name which crosses the ''comune'' in a north-south direction. Seveso received the honorary title of city with a presidential decree on 18 June 2003. Geography The town is situated to the north of Milan in the Brianza lowlands. The territory of the commume is highly urbanised, with the majority of inhabitants living in the town. Seveso lies on the national trunk road ''Statale dei Giovi'', which connects Milan to Como and on the Milan-Meda motorway. Seveso railway station is located on the Milan–Asso railway, while Seveso-Baruccana railway station is located on the Saronno–Seregno railway. Neighbouring communes are Meda, Seregno, Barlassina, Cogliate, Cesano Maderno. History Seveso's origins date back to about the 3rd century BC, when c ...
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Moat
A moat is a deep, broad ditch dug around a castle, fortification, building, or town, historically to provide it with a preliminary line of defence. Moats can be dry or filled with water. In some places, moats evolved into more extensive water defences, including natural or artificial lakes, dams and sluices. In older fortifications, such as hillforts, they are usually referred to simply as ditches, although the function is similar. In later periods, moats or water defences may be largely ornamental. They could also act as a sewer. Historical use Ancient Some of the earliest evidence of moats has been uncovered around ancient Egyptian fortresses. One example is at Buhen, a settlement excavated in Nubia. Other evidence of ancient moats is found in the ruins of Babylon, and in reliefs from ancient Egypt, Assyria, and other cultures in the region. Evidence of early moats around settlements has been discovered in many archaeological sites throughout Southeast Asia, including ...
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Porta Ticinese Gates, Milan
Porta can refer to: People * Porta (rapper) (born 1988), stagename of Christian Jiménez Bundo, a Spanish rap singer * Porta (surname), surname Places * La Porta, a commune in the Haute-Corse department of France on the island of Corsica * Porta (Barcelona) a neighbourhood of Barcelona, Spain * Porta, Pyrénées-Orientales, a commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France * Porta, Thessaly, a pass and settlement in Thessaly, central Greece * Porta, Xanthi, a district of Xanthi in Thrace, northeastern Greece * ''Porta'', the Hungarian name for Poarta village, Bran Commune, Braşov County, Romania * Porta del Sol, a tourism region in western Puerto Rico * Porta Littoria, the name applied from 1939 to 1946 for the town of La Thuile in the Valle d’Aosta, Italy * Porta Westfalica in Germany * Porta Nigra in Trier, Germany Convents *Porta Coeli (Moravia), in the Czech Republic, a convent from 1239 after which an asteroid is named * Porta Coeli (Puerto Rico), ...
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