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WELV Virus
Wetland virus or WELV is a tick borne ''Orthonairovirus'' which can infect humans. It can produce fever, headache, dizziness, malaise, arthritis and less commonly petechiae, localized lymphadenopathy. Complications may include neurological symptoms. Virology The Wetland virus orthonairovirus (WELV) is a member of the genus ''Orthonairovirus'', family ''Nairoviridae'' of RNA viruses. It was first identified in 2019 in a Chinese person in Jinzhou, Liaoning province Northeast China after a visit to a wetland park in Yakeshi, Inner Mongolia. Three different strains were identified one from the patient and two from ticks. Its sequence is most similar to the Tofla virus from Japan. Hosts and transmission The Wetland virus was found in mice, sheep, pigs, and horses, but not dogs or cattle. It was found in about 2% of 14,500 different ticks in Northeast China with the highest prevalence (6%) in '' Haemaphysalis concinna''. Experimental infection showed that WELV caused lethal dise ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orthonairovirus
''Orthonairovirus'' is a genus of viruses in the family '' Nairoviridae'' of the order '' Hareavirales'' which includes viruses with circular, negative-sense single stranded RNA. The name is derived from the Nairobi sheep disease which affects the gastrointestinal tracts of sheep and goats. All viruses in this genus are tick-borne viruses with human or other vertebrate hosts. Structure The virions for viruses in this genus have a spherical shape. They range in size from about 80–120 nm in diameter, with 50% of their weight attributed to proteins and 20–30% of their weight attributed to lipids. The ribonucleocapsid is filamentous, having a length of about 200-300 nm and a width of about 2–2.5 nm. These nucleocapsids are surrounded by a single envelope that has projections made of glycoproteins protruding from its surface. These projections evenly cover the surface of the virion, and are about 5–10 nm long. They aid in attachment to the host r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Animal Experiment
Animal testing, also known as animal experimentation, animal research, and ''in vivo'' testing, is the use of animals, as model organisms, in experiments that seek answers to scientific and medical questions. This approach can be contrasted with field studies in which animals are observed in their natural environments or habitats. Experimental research with animals is usually conducted in universities, medical schools, pharmaceutical companies, defense establishments, and commercial facilities that provide animal-testing services to the industry. The focus of animal testing varies on a continuum from pure research, focusing on developing fundamental knowledge of an organism, to applied research, which may focus on answering some questions of great practical importance, such as finding a cure for a disease. Examples of applied research include testing disease treatments, breeding, defense research, and toxicology, including cosmetics testing. In education, animal testing is s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a tick-borne infection caused by '' Dabie bandavirus'' also known as the SFTS virus, first reported between late March and mid-July 2009 in rural areas of Hubei and Henan provinces in Central China. It is an emerging infectious disease causing fever, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of consciousness and heamorrhage. SFTS has fatality rates ranging from 12% to as high as 30% in some areas due to multiple organ failure, thrombocytopenia (low platelet count), leucopenia (low white blood cell count), and elevated liver enzyme levels. Virology SFTS virus (SFTSV) is a virus in the order ''Bunyavirales'', discovered in 2009. Transmission The life cycle of the SFTSV most likely involves arthropod vectors like '' Haemaphysalis longicornis'' ticks and animal hosts. Humans appear to be largely accidental hosts. Person-to-person transmission was not initially noted in the 2011, but occurs via blood or mucus as documented in 2012. Symptoms ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viral Encephalitis
Viral encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, called encephalitis, by a virus. The different forms of viral encephalitis are called viral encephalitides. It is the most common type of encephalitis and often occurs with viral meningitis. Encephalitic viruses first cause infection and replicate outside of the central nervous system (CNS), most reaching the CNS through the circulatory system and a minority from nerve endings toward the CNS. Once in the brain, the virus and the host's inflammatory response disrupt neural function, leading to illness and complications, many of which frequently are neurological in nature, such as impaired motor skills and altered behavior. Viral encephalitis can be diagnosed based on the individual's symptoms, personal history, such as travel history, and different clinical tests such as histology, medical imaging, and lumbar punctures. A differential diagnosis can also be done to rule out other causes of the encephalitis. Many encephalitic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthritis
Arthritis is a general medical term used to describe a disorder that affects joints. Symptoms generally include joint pain and stiffness. Other symptoms may include redness, warmth, Joint effusion, swelling, and decreased range of motion of the affected joints. In certain types of arthritis, other organs such as the skin are also affected. Onset can be gradual or sudden. There are several types of arthritis. The most common forms are osteoarthritis (most commonly seen in weightbearing joints) and rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoarthritis usually occurs as an individual ages and often affects the hips, knees, shoulders, and fingers. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder that often affects the hands and feet. Other types of arthritis include gout, lupus, and septic arthritis. These are inflammatory based types of rheumatic disease. Early treatment for arthritis commonly includes resting the affected joint and conservative measures such as heating or icing. Weight Weight ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malaise
In medicine, malaise is a feeling of general discomfort, uneasiness or lack of wellbeing and often the first sign of an infection or other disease. It is considered a vague termdescribing the state of simply not feeling well. The word has existed in French since at least the 12th century. The term is often used figuratively in other contexts, in addition to its meaning as a general state of angst or melancholia. Cause Malaise is a non-specific symptom and can be present in the slightest ailment, such as an emotion (causing fainting, a vasovagal response) or hunger (light hypoglycemia), to the most serious conditions (cancer, stroke, heart attack, internal bleeding, etc.). Malaise expresses a patient's uneasiness that "something is not right" that may need a medical examination to determine the significance. Malaise is thought to be caused by the activation of an immune response, and the associated pro-inflammatory cytokines. Figurative use " Economic malaise" refers t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fever
Fever or pyrexia in humans is a symptom of an anti-infection defense mechanism that appears with Human body temperature, body temperature exceeding the normal range caused by an increase in the body's temperature Human body temperature#Fever, set point in the hypothalamus. There is no single agreed-upon upper limit for normal temperature: sources use values ranging between in humans. The increase in set point triggers increased muscle tone, muscle contractions and causes a feeling of cold or chills. This results in greater heat production and efforts to conserve heat. When the set point temperature returns to normal, a person feels hot, becomes Flushing (physiology), flushed, and may begin to Perspiration, sweat. Rarely a fever may trigger a febrile seizure, with this being more common in young children. Fevers do not typically go higher than . A fever can be caused by many medical conditions ranging from non-serious to life-threatening. This includes viral infection, viral, b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haemaphysalis Concinna
''Haemaphysalis concinna'' is a common rodent tick species that originally predominantly occurred in Russia and Eastern Europe, but is also known from Japan, China, Germany and France. It is known to act as a vector of tickborne disease. Description Females reach a length of three to four mm, but can grow up to ten mm when engorged; males are about three mm long. An unfed nymph is under two mm long. There are more males than females. Distribution, ecology The tick can be found in the warm temperate climate zone of deciduous and mixed forests across Europe and Asia. It prefers moist habitats lake shores or river banks. In China, it has been found in northeastern regions including Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, and Inner Mongolia. Physiology All three stages target different hosts, the eggs are laid on the ground. They mate on their host around April. Nymphs and larvae feed on small mammals such as rodents or hedgehogs, or on birds, reptiles, and humans. Adults prefer larger m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petechia
A petechia (; : petechiae) is a small red or purple spot ( 1 cm in diameter) and purpura (3 to 10 mm in diameter). The term is typically used in the plural (petechiae), since a single petechia is seldom noticed or significant. Causes Physical trauma The most common cause of petechiae is through physical trauma such as a hard bout of coughing, holding breath, vomiting, or crying, which can result in facial petechiae, especially around the eyes. Excessive scratching and friction, especially on thin and poorly circulated parts of the body may also cause petechiae. Such instances are generally considered harmless and usually disappear within a few days, but depending on severity and frequency may be indicative of an underlying medical condition. * Constriction, asphyxiation – petechiae, especially in the eyes, may also occur when excessive pressure is applied to tissue (e.g., when a tourniquet is applied to an extremity or with excessive coughing or vomiting). * Sunburn, childbir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tofla Virus
Tofla virus (''Orthonairovirus japonicum'') is a species of virus in the genus ''Orthonairovirus'' belonging to the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever serogroup. It was isolated in 2016 from ''Ixodid'' in Japan. See also * Wetland virus Wetland virus or WELV is a tick borne '' Orthonairovirus'' which can infect humans. It can produce fever, headache, dizziness, malaise, arthritis and less commonly petechiae, localized lymphadenopathy. Complications may include neurological symp ... References Nairoviridae Infraspecific virus taxa {{virus-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yakeshi
Yakeshi (; zh, c=牙克石) is a county-level city of Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia, China. Yakeshi has a population of 391,627 and an area of . It is situated next to the Hailar River east of Hailar District, the seat of Hulunbuir, and on the north side of the Greater Khingan Range. The city's economy is based on forestry industry, wood products, traditional Chinese medicines, gold, coal, iron, copper, wheat, rapeseed farming, sheep raising and dairy industries. In 2008 several major players in the automobile industry established car testing facilities in Yakeshi. As part of the Electronic stability control (ESC)-development for new cars, special prototype cars are tested under winter conditions on frozen lakes and special snow-tracks. The first such test facilities were set up in the city by the German automobile supplier Robert Bosch GmbH whose development center for the Chinese car market is in Suzhou in Eastern China. The city is connected by rail to Harbin and Hailar, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
