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Volsci
The Volsci (, , ) were an Italic tribe, well known in the history of the first century of the Roman Republic. At the time they inhabited the partly hilly, partly marshy district of the south of Latium, bounded by the Aurunci and Samnites on the south, the Hernici on the east, and stretching roughly from Norba and Cora in the north to Antium in the south. Rivals of Rome for several hundred years, their territories were taken over by and assimilated into the growing republic by 304 BC. Rome's first emperor Augustus was of Volscian descent. Description by the ancient geographers Strabo says that the Volsci formed a sovereign state near the site of Rome. It was placed in the Pomentine plain, between the Latins and the Pontine marshes, which took their name from the plain. The Volsci were divided in Antiates Volsci (capital Antium) on the Tyrrhenian coast, and Ecetran Volsci ( Ecetra) in the hinterland. Language The Volsci spoke Volscian, a Sabellic Italic language, which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volscian Language
Volscian was a Sabellic Italic language, which was spoken by the Volsci and closely related to Oscan and Umbrian. Overview Volscian is attested in an inscription found in Velitrae (Velletri), dating probably from early in the 3rd century BC; it is cut upon a small bronze plate (now in the Naples Museum), which must have once been fixed to some votive object, dedicated to the god ''Declunus'' (or the goddess ''Decluna'').Baldi, Phillip. ''The Foundations of Latin''. New York: Mouton de Gruyter. 2002. pp. 140-142. The language of this inscription is clear enough to show the very marked peculiarities that rank it close to the language of the Iguvine Tables. It shows on the one hand the labialization of the original velar ''q'' (Volscian ''pis'' = Latin ''quis''), and on the other hand it palatalizes the guttural ''c'' before a following ''i'' (Volscian ''façia'' Latin ''faciat''). Like Umbrian also, but unlike Latin and Oscan, it has changed all the diphthongs into simple vow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Velletri
Velletri (; ; ) is an Italian ''comune'' in the Metropolitan City of Rome, approximately 40 km to the southeast of the city centre, located in the Alban Hills, in the region of Lazio, central Italy. Neighbouring communes are Rocca di Papa, Lariano, Cisterna di Latina, Artena, Aprilia, Lazio, Aprilia, Nemi, Genzano di Roma, and Lanuvio. Its motto is: ('Liberty of pope and empire is given to me'). Velletri was an ancient city of the Volsci tribe. Legendarily it came into conflict with the Romans during the reign of Ancus Marcius, the fourth king of Rome; then again in the fifth and fourth centuries BCE, during the early Roman Republic. Velletri was also the home of the Octavia gens, Octavii, the paternal family of the first Roman Emperor Augustus. In the Middle Ages, it was one of the few "Free Imperial City, free cities" in Lazio and central Italy. It was the site of two historic battles in 1744 and 1849. During the Second World War, it was at the centre of fierce fighting betw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antium
Antium was an Ancient history, ancient coastal town in Latium, south of Rome. An oppidum was founded by people of Latial culture (11th century BC or the beginning of the 1st millennium BC), then it was the main stronghold of the Volsci people until it was conquered by the ancient Rome, Romans. In some versions of Rome's Founding of Rome, foundation myth, Antium was founded by Anteias, son of Odysseus. The territory of Roman Antium almost entirely corresponded to modern Anzio and Nettuno.P. Brandizzi Vittucci, ''Antium: Anzio e Nettuno in epoca romana'', Roma, Bardi Editore (2000). . Location The Latin-volscian town stood in the Capo d'Anzio (modern Anzio), on a higher ground and somewhat away from the shore, though it extended down to it. This was defended by a deep ditch, which can still be traced, and by walls, a portion of which, on the eastern side, constructed of rectangular blocks of tufa, was brought to light in 1897. The fortification of the town would included the a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hernici
The Hernici were an Italic tribe of ancient Italy, whose territory was in Latium between the Fucine Lake and the Sacco River (''Trerus''), bounded by the Volsci on the south, and by the Aequi and the Marsi on the north. History For many years of the early Roman Republic, the Hernici were allied with Rome and fought alongside it against its neighbours. In 495 BC Livy records that they entered into a treaty with the Volsci against ancient Rome. They long maintained their independence, and in 486 BC they were still strong enough to conclude an equal treaty with the Latins. In 475 BC they fought alongside the Latins against the Aequi and Volsci, and in the same year fought alongside Rome against the Veientes and Sabines. In 468 BC they fought alongside Rome against the Volsci. In 464 BC they warned Rome of the betrayal of Ecetra, and fought alongside Rome against the Aequi who were allied with the Ecetrans. They broke away from Rome in 362 and in 306, when their chief ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pontine Marshes
250px, Lake Fogliano, a coastal lagoon in the Pontine Plain The Pontine Marshes ( , ; , formerly also ; [] by Titus Livius, [] and [] by Pliny the Elder''Natural History'' 3.59.) is an approximately quadrangular area of former marshland in the Lazio Region of central Italy, extending along the coast southeast of Rome about from just east of Anzio to Terracina (ancient Tarracina), varying in distance inland between the Tyrrhenian Sea and the Volscian Mountains (the Monti Lepini in the north, the Monti Ausoni in the center, and the Monti Aurunci in the south) from The northwestern border runs approximately from the mouth of the river Astura along the river and from its upper reaches to Cori in the Monti Lepini. The former marsh is a low tract of mainly agricultural reclaimed land created by draining and filling, separated from the sea by sand dunes. The area amounts to about .. The Via Appia, a Roman military road constructed in 312 BC, crosses the inland side ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sabellic
The Osco-Umbrian, Sabellic or Sabellian languages are an extinct group of Italic languages, the Indo-European languages that were spoken in central and southern Italy by the Osco-Umbrians before being replaced by Latin, as the power of ancient Rome expanded. Their written attestations developed from the middle of the 1st millennium BC to the early centuries of the 1st millennium AD. There is one text of about 4,000 words in Umbrian, but otherwise the languages are known almost exclusively from inscriptions, principally of Oscan and Umbrian, but there are also some Osco-Umbrian loanwords in Latin. Besides the two major branches of Oscan and Umbrian (and their dialects), South Picene may represent a third branch of Sabellic. The whole linguistic Sabellic area, however, might be considered a dialect continuum. Paucity of evidence from most of the "minor dialects" contributes to the difficulty of making these determinations. Relationship with the Italic languages Following an orig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cora (Ancient Latin Town)
Cori (ancient Cora) is a city and ''comune'' in the province of Latina, in the Lazio region of central Italy. History Cora was well developed in the age of the expansion of Rome (7th-6th century BC). It is recorded as being part of the Latin League. According to Livy, in 503 BC it sought unsuccessfully to revolt against the Roman Republic, together with Suessa Pometia, and with the assistance of the Aurunci. By 495 BC Cora and Pometia are said by Livy to have been Volscian towns. Upon hearing of Volscian attempts to foment war, the Roman army marched against the Volsci, and in order to avoid war the Volsci offered three hundred children of the leading men of Cora and Suessa Pometia as hostages. War nevertheless broke out later in the year. It is unclear what happened to the hostages. Coins of Cora exist, belonging at latest to 350–250 BC. Cora became a Roman possession after the Social War (90–88 BC), maintaining some administrative and political autonomy, and before t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ecetra
Ecetra was a town of the ancient Volsci tribe of central Italy. Its location is no longer known. It is mentioned by Livy in 495 BC in the context of the failed Volscian invasion of Rome. Livy says that after the Roman victory, the ambassadors of Ecetra asked the Roman senate for peace, who agreed on the basis that the Ecetran lands were ceded to Rome.Livy, ''Ab urbe condita'', 2.25 http://latin.packhum.org/loc/914/1/85/1171-1177 In 464 BC the Ecetrans allied with the Aequi and revolted against Rome. The Hernici The Hernici were an Italic tribe of ancient Italy, whose territory was in Latium between the Fucine Lake and the Sacco River (''Trerus''), bounded by the Volsci on the south, and by the Aequi and the Marsi on the north. History For many y ... warned Rome of the betrayal, and the Romans were ultimately victorious. References Volsci Archaeological sites in Italy Lost ancient cities and towns {{Italy-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aurunci
The Aurunci were an Italic tribe that lived in southern Italy from around the 1st millennium BC. They were eventually defeated by Rome and subsumed into the Roman Republic during the second half of the 4th century BC. Identity Aurunci is the name given by Roman writers to an ancient race or nation of Italy. It appears that "Aurunci" was the appellation the Romans gave to the people called " Ausones" by the Greeks. One form might be derived from the other by rhotacism (corruption of sound "s" in "r") (Ausoni > Auroni > Auronici > Aurunci). The identity of the two is distinctly asserted by Servius, and clearly implied by Cassius Dio, where he says that the name of Ausonia was properly applied only to the land of the Auruncans, between the Volscians and the Campanians. In like manner, Festus makes the mythical hero Auson the founder of the city of Aurunea. Servius terms the Aurunci one of the most ancient nations of Italy. They appear to have been much more powerful and widely ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latins (Italic Tribe)
The Latins (), sometimes known as the Latials or Latians, were an Italic peoples, Italic tribe that included the early inhabitants of the city of Rome (see Roman people). From about 1000 BC, the Latins inhabited the small region known to the Romans as Old Latium (in Latin ''Latium vetus''), the area in the Italian Peninsula between the river Tiber and the promontory of Mount Circeo southeast of Rome. Following the Roman expansion, the Latins spread into the Latium adiectum, inhabited by Osco-Umbrian languages, Osco-Umbrian peoples. Their language, Latin, belonged to the Italic languages, Italic branch of Indo-European. Speakers of Italic languages are assumed to have migrated into the Italian Peninsula during the late Bronze Age (1200–900 BC). The material culture of the Latins, known as the Latial culture, was a distinctive subset of the proto-Villanovan culture that appeared in parts of the Italian peninsula in the first half of the 12th century BC. The Latins mai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norba
Norba, an ancient town of Latium (''Adjectum''), Italy. It is situated 1 mile northwest of the modern town of Norma, on the western edge of the Volscian Mountains or Monti Lepini. The town is perched above a precipitous cliff with a splendid view over the Pomptine Marshes below; the highest point stands to ca. 460 meters (over 1500 feet) above sea level. History Norba was a member of the Latin League of 499 BC. It became a Roman colony in 492 BC, initially to protect the border with the Volsci, and later serving as an important fortress guarding the Pomptine Marshes. It served in 199 BC as a place of detention for the Carthaginian hostages, and was captured and destroyed by Sulla's troops during the civil wars at the end of 82 BC. By the first century AD Norba is included by Pliny the Elder on his list of extinct cities in Latium. Archaeology From excavations begun in 1901 it seems clear that the remains now visible on the site are entirely Roman. The well-preserved w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
